Procedure word
Encyclopedia
Procedure words or prowords are words or phrases limited to radio
telephone
procedure used to facilitate communication
by conveying information
in a condensed standard form. http://www.fas.org/irp/doddir/army/fm24-33/fm243_10.htm
to you and no answer is required or expected.
to you and a response is necessary. Go Ahead: transmit
. Contrary to popular belief, "Over" and "Out" are never used at the same time, since their meanings are mutually exclusive. Therefore "Over and Out" should never be used together in radio communications.
Historically, "Over and Out" was used to mean "Over to you, and when you're done, I'm Out". With spring-loaded PTT
buttons on modern combined transceiver
s, the same meaning can be communicated with just "Out", e.g. "Ops, Alpha, ETA five minutes. Out."
satisfactorily, radio
check is loud and clear. Romeo has the same meaning but is used mainly in Australian Maritime Operations.
For Maritime VHF Copy does not mean the same as Roger or Received. It is used when communications between 2 other stations which includes information for your station have been overheard and received satisfactorily.
Note that "ROGER" and "WILCO" are redundant, since WILCO includes the acknowledgement of ROGER. You should never hear "ROGER WILCO" on the net.
Some air arms of military forces also use a "double click" sent over the radios by keying the mic twice to produce a "--" like Morse code, this is usually used when the pilot is unable to talk due to heavy workload or stress.
circuit), United States Navy instruction omits the use of either as prowords. Sailors are instructed to use, instead, "yes" and "no".
strength and readability; how do you hear me?
5 by 5 is an older term used to assess radio signals, as in 5 out of 5 units for signal strength and for readability. Other terms similar to 5x5 are "loud and clear" or "Lima and Charlie". Example:
US Army correct check:
If the initiating station (ALPHA 12 in the example) cannot hear the responding station (X-RAY 23 above), then the initiator will attempt a radio-check again, or if the responder's signal was not heard, will reply to the responder's (? clarification required) "NEGATIVE CONTACT, ALPHA 12 OUT".
The following readability scale is used:
1 = Bad (unreadable);
2 = Poor (readable now and then);
3 = Fair (readable but with difficulty);
4 = Good (readable);
5 = Excellent (perfectly readable).
- All stations, all stations, this is Solent Coastguard, Solent Coastguard. Be advised large shipping vessel entering Southampton Water, currently at position ...[transmission unintelligible]...Out.
- Solent Coastguard, Solent Coastguard, this is Echo Golf Niner Three. Say again all after position. Over.
At this juncture, Solent Coastguard would reply, giving the position of the shipping vessel preceded with the prowords I SAY AGAIN:
- All stations, All stations, this is Solent Coastguard. I say again, large shipping vessel entering Southampton water, currently at position one decimal two miles from Calshot Spit on bearing one six five degrees. Vessel restricted in ability to deviate from its course. Do not impede. Out.
Note that the word "REPEAT" is never to be used in place of SAY AGAIN, especially in the vicinity of naval or other firing ranges, as REPEAT is an artillery proword
with a wholly different meaning. However, REPEAT may be used in the middle of a signal to emphasise information Example:
EG93: Victor Juliet Five-Zero, this is Echo Golf Niner-Three. How much fuel do you require? Over.
VJ50: Echo Golf Niner-Three, this is Victor Juliet Five-Zero. I require six five - repeat six five - litres of diesel. Over.
Or alternatively:
VJ50: Echo Golf Niner-Three, this is Victor Juliet Five-Zero. I require six five litres of diesel. Repeat six five litres. Repeat diesel. Over
However, given the above stricture on using 'REPEAT', it is better to use 'I SAY AGAIN' or 'WORDS TWICE' or 'FIGURES TWICE', as in:
VJ50: Echo Golf Niner-Three, this is Victor Juliet Five-Zero. I require six five litres of diesel. I say again six five litres of diesel. Over
"Station calling Cowes VTS, Station calling Cowes VTS - this is Cowes VTS. Over."
is from the station
whose designator immediately follows. For clarity, the station called should be named before the station calling. So, "Mike Juliet Zero, THIS IS Golf Whiskey Three..." or for brevity, "Mike Juliet Zero, Golf Whiskey Three, ROGER and OUT". Never "This is GW3 calling MJ0" or any other reversed combination.
Anytime a radio call is made, there is some kind of response indicating that the original call was heard. 613's "Roger" confirms to 610 that the information was heard. In the second radio call from 610, direction was given. 613's "Wilco" means "I will do what you told me to do."
It is better procedure, however, to always read back an instruction. For example, if all 613 says is "Wilco," 610 is not certain that he correctly heard the heading as 090. If 613 replies with a read back and the word Wilco ("Turn Right zero-niner-zero, Wilco") then 610 knows that the heading was correctly understood, and that 613 intends to comply, which is a safer situation.
The correct format for a Mayday call is as follows:
[The first part of the signal is known as the call]
"Mayday, Mayday, Mayday,
This is (vessel name repeated three times, followed by call sign
if available)
[The subsequent part of the signal is known as the message]
Mayday (vessel name)
My position is (position as a LAT-LONG position or bearing and distance from a fixed point)
I am (type of distress, e.g. on fire and sinking)
I require immediate assistance
I have (number of people on board and their condition)
(Any other information e.g. "I am abandoning to life rafts")
Over"
VHF instructors, specifically those working for the Royal Yachting Association
, often suggest the mnemonic
MIPDANIO for learning the message of a mayday signal: Mayday, Identify, Position, Distress, Assistance, Number of crew, Information, Over.
This overrides all but a MAYDAY call, and is used,
as an example, for calling for medical assistance or if
the station has no means of propulsion. The correct call is:
PAN PAN, PAN PAN, PAN PAN
All stations, all stations, all stations
This is [vessel name repeated three times]
My position is [position as a LAT-LONG position or bearing and distance from a fixed point]
I am [type of urgency, e.g. drifting without power in a shipping lane]
I require [type of assistance required]
[Any other information e.g. size of vessel, which may be important for towing]
Over
I have important meteorological, navigational or safety information to pass on. This call is normally broadcast on a defined channel (channel 16 for maritime VHF) and then moved onto another channel to pass the message. Example:
[On channel 16]
SECURITÉ, SECURITÉ, SECURITÉ.
All stations, all stations, all stations.
This is Echo Golf Niner-Three, Echo Golf Niner-Three, Echo Golf Niner-Three.
For urgent navigational warning, listen on channel six-seven.
Out.
[Then on channel 67]
SECURITÉ, SECURITÉ, SECURITÉ.
All stations, all stations, all stations.
This is Echo Golf Niner-Tree (three), Echo Golf Niner-Tree, Echo Golf Niner-Tree.
Floating debris sighted off Calshot Spit.
Considered a danger to surface navigation.
Out.
Radio
Radio is the transmission of signals through free space by modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible light. Electromagnetic radiation travels by means of oscillating electromagnetic fields that pass through the air and the vacuum of space...
telephone
Telephone
The telephone , colloquially referred to as a phone, is a telecommunications device that transmits and receives sounds, usually the human voice. Telephones are a point-to-point communication system whose most basic function is to allow two people separated by large distances to talk to each other...
procedure used to facilitate communication
Telecommunication
Telecommunication is the transmission of information over significant distances to communicate. In earlier times, telecommunications involved the use of visual signals, such as beacons, smoke signals, semaphore telegraphs, signal flags, and optical heliographs, or audio messages via coded...
by conveying information
Information
Information in its most restricted technical sense is a message or collection of messages that consists of an ordered sequence of symbols, or it is the meaning that can be interpreted from such a message or collection of messages. Information can be recorded or transmitted. It can be recorded as...
in a condensed standard form. http://www.fas.org/irp/doddir/army/fm24-33/fm243_10.htm
OUT
This is the end of my transmissionTransmission (telecommunications)
Transmission, in telecommunications, is the process of sending, propagating and receiving an analogue or digital information signal over a physical point-to-point or point-to-multipoint transmission medium, either wired, optical fiber or wireless...
to you and no answer is required or expected.
OVER
This is the end of my transmissionTransmission (telecommunications)
Transmission, in telecommunications, is the process of sending, propagating and receiving an analogue or digital information signal over a physical point-to-point or point-to-multipoint transmission medium, either wired, optical fiber or wireless...
to you and a response is necessary. Go Ahead: transmit
Transmission (telecommunications)
Transmission, in telecommunications, is the process of sending, propagating and receiving an analogue or digital information signal over a physical point-to-point or point-to-multipoint transmission medium, either wired, optical fiber or wireless...
. Contrary to popular belief, "Over" and "Out" are never used at the same time, since their meanings are mutually exclusive. Therefore "Over and Out" should never be used together in radio communications.
Historically, "Over and Out" was used to mean "Over to you, and when you're done, I'm Out". With spring-loaded PTT
Push to talk
Push-to-talk , also known as Press-to-Transmit, is a method of conversing on half-duplex communication lines, including two-way radio, using a momentary button to switch from voice reception mode to transmit mode....
buttons on modern combined transceiver
Transceiver
A transceiver is a device comprising both a transmitter and a receiver which are combined and share common circuitry or a single housing. When no circuitry is common between transmit and receive functions, the device is a transmitter-receiver. The term originated in the early 1920s...
s, the same meaning can be communicated with just "Out", e.g. "Ops, Alpha, ETA five minutes. Out."
ROGER, RECEIVED, ROMEO, COPY
I have received your last transmissionTransmission (telecommunications)
Transmission, in telecommunications, is the process of sending, propagating and receiving an analogue or digital information signal over a physical point-to-point or point-to-multipoint transmission medium, either wired, optical fiber or wireless...
satisfactorily, radio
Radio
Radio is the transmission of signals through free space by modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible light. Electromagnetic radiation travels by means of oscillating electromagnetic fields that pass through the air and the vacuum of space...
check is loud and clear. Romeo has the same meaning but is used mainly in Australian Maritime Operations.
For Maritime VHF Copy does not mean the same as Roger or Received. It is used when communications between 2 other stations which includes information for your station have been overheard and received satisfactorily.
WILCO
I understand and will comply, to be used only by the addressee.Note that "ROGER" and "WILCO" are redundant, since WILCO includes the acknowledgement of ROGER. You should never hear "ROGER WILCO" on the net.
AFFIRM, AFFIRMATIVE
"Confirm" or "Yes", used in Aviation.Some air arms of military forces also use a "double click" sent over the radios by keying the mic twice to produce a "--" like Morse code, this is usually used when the pilot is unable to talk due to heavy workload or stress.
NEGATIVE
"No" or "NEG". Because over a poor quality connection the words "affirmative" and "negative" can be mistaken for one another (for example over a sound-powered telephoneSound-powered telephone
A sound-powered telephone is a communication device that allows users to talk to each other with the use of a handset, similar to a conventional telephone, but without the use of external power...
circuit), United States Navy instruction omits the use of either as prowords. Sailors are instructed to use, instead, "yes" and "no".
RADIO CHECK
What is my signalSignal (electrical engineering)
In the fields of communications, signal processing, and in electrical engineering more generally, a signal is any time-varying or spatial-varying quantity....
strength and readability; how do you hear me?
5 by 5 is an older term used to assess radio signals, as in 5 out of 5 units for signal strength and for readability. Other terms similar to 5x5 are "loud and clear" or "Lima and Charlie". Example:
- ALPHA 12: X-RAY Two-Three, THIS IS ALPHA One-Two, RADIO CHECK, OVER
- X-RAY 23: ALPHA One-Two, THIS IS X-RAY Two-Three, I READ YOU 5 BY 5, OVER
- ALPHA 12: ALPHA One-Two ROGER, OUT
US Army correct check:
- ALPHA 12: X-RAY Two-Three, THIS IS ALPHA One-Two, RADIO CHECK, OVER
- X-RAY 23: ALPHA One-Two, THIS IS X-RAY Two-Three, ROGER OUT
If the initiating station (ALPHA 12 in the example) cannot hear the responding station (X-RAY 23 above), then the initiator will attempt a radio-check again, or if the responder's signal was not heard, will reply to the responder's (? clarification required) "NEGATIVE CONTACT, ALPHA 12 OUT".
The following readability scale is used:
1 = Bad (unreadable);
2 = Poor (readable now and then);
3 = Fair (readable but with difficulty);
4 = Good (readable);
5 = Excellent (perfectly readable).
READ BACK FOR CHECK
Instruction to receiving station to read back the information it has received for confirmation. Same as HOW COPY. Reply from receiving station will be preceded by I READ BACK or I COPY, confirmation by transmitting station takes the form of the proword CORRECT or GOOD COPY. See example 2, below.SAY AGAIN
"I have not understood your message, please say again". Usually used with prowords ALL AFTER or ALL BEFORE. Example: radio working between Solent Coastguard and a motor vessel, call-sign EG 93, where part of the initial transmission is unintelligible- All stations, all stations, this is Solent Coastguard, Solent Coastguard. Be advised large shipping vessel entering Southampton Water, currently at position ...[transmission unintelligible]...Out.
- Solent Coastguard, Solent Coastguard, this is Echo Golf Niner Three. Say again all after position. Over.
At this juncture, Solent Coastguard would reply, giving the position of the shipping vessel preceded with the prowords I SAY AGAIN:
- All stations, All stations, this is Solent Coastguard. I say again, large shipping vessel entering Southampton water, currently at position one decimal two miles from Calshot Spit on bearing one six five degrees. Vessel restricted in ability to deviate from its course. Do not impede. Out.
Note that the word "REPEAT" is never to be used in place of SAY AGAIN, especially in the vicinity of naval or other firing ranges, as REPEAT is an artillery proword
Fire discipline
Fire discipline is a system of communication in the military, primarily the Artillery. By definition, Fire Discipline is the language of fire control. It consists of words, phrases, rules, and conventions which have specific meanings and which result in some definite action at the guns...
with a wholly different meaning. However, REPEAT may be used in the middle of a signal to emphasise information Example:
EG93: Victor Juliet Five-Zero, this is Echo Golf Niner-Three. How much fuel do you require? Over.
VJ50: Echo Golf Niner-Three, this is Victor Juliet Five-Zero. I require six five - repeat six five - litres of diesel. Over.
Or alternatively:
VJ50: Echo Golf Niner-Three, this is Victor Juliet Five-Zero. I require six five litres of diesel. Repeat six five litres. Repeat diesel. Over
However, given the above stricture on using 'REPEAT', it is better to use 'I SAY AGAIN' or 'WORDS TWICE' or 'FIGURES TWICE', as in:
VJ50: Echo Golf Niner-Three, this is Victor Juliet Five-Zero. I require six five litres of diesel. I say again six five litres of diesel. Over
STATION CALLING
This proword is used when addressing an unidentified station which has just hailed the receiver. For example, Cowes VTS has received a transmission from an unidentified station. The correct reply would be:"Station calling Cowes VTS, Station calling Cowes VTS - this is Cowes VTS. Over."
THIS IS
This transmissionTransmission (telecommunications)
Transmission, in telecommunications, is the process of sending, propagating and receiving an analogue or digital information signal over a physical point-to-point or point-to-multipoint transmission medium, either wired, optical fiber or wireless...
is from the station
Radio station
Radio broadcasting is a one-way wireless transmission over radio waves intended to reach a wide audience. Stations can be linked in radio networks to broadcast a common radio format, either in broadcast syndication or simulcast or both...
whose designator immediately follows. For clarity, the station called should be named before the station calling. So, "Mike Juliet Zero, THIS IS Golf Whiskey Three..." or for brevity, "Mike Juliet Zero, Golf Whiskey Three, ROGER and OUT". Never "This is GW3 calling MJ0" or any other reversed combination.
SO FAR
During transmission with lots of information, this proword can be used between transmissions, to ensure all information is passed on correctly.Example 1
2 helicopters are flying in formation, Indian 610 and Indian 613:- Indian 610: "613, I have a visual on you at my 3 o'clock. 610"
- Indian 613: "Roger. 613"
- Indian 610: "613, Turn right to a heading of 090. 610"
- Indian 613: "Wilco. 613"
Anytime a radio call is made, there is some kind of response indicating that the original call was heard. 613's "Roger" confirms to 610 that the information was heard. In the second radio call from 610, direction was given. 613's "Wilco" means "I will do what you told me to do."
It is better procedure, however, to always read back an instruction. For example, if all 613 says is "Wilco," 610 is not certain that he correctly heard the heading as 090. If 613 replies with a read back and the word Wilco ("Turn Right zero-niner-zero, Wilco") then 610 knows that the heading was correctly understood, and that 613 intends to comply, which is a safer situation.
Example 2
The following is the example of working between two stations, EG93 and VJ50 demonstrating how to confirm information:- EG93: "Victor Juliet Five-Zero, Victor Juliet Five-Zero, this is Echo Golf Niner-Three. Request rendezvous at 51 degrees 37.0N, 001 degrees 49.5W. Read back for check. Over."
- VJ50: "Echo Golf Niner-Three, Echo Golf Niner-Three, this is Victor Juliet Five-Zero. I read back: five one degrees three seven decimal zero North, zero zero one degrees four niner decimal five West. Over."
- EG93: "Victor Juliet Five-Zero, Victor Juliet Five-Zero, this is Echo Golf Niner-Three. Correct. Out."
MAYDAY (distress)
I, my vessel or a person aboard my vessel is in grave and imminent danger, send immediate assistance. This call takes priority over all other calls.The correct format for a Mayday call is as follows:
[The first part of the signal is known as the call]
"Mayday, Mayday, Mayday,
This is (vessel name repeated three times, followed by call sign
Call sign
In broadcasting and radio communications, a call sign is a unique designation for a transmitting station. In North America they are used as names for broadcasting stations...
if available)
[The subsequent part of the signal is known as the message]
Mayday (vessel name)
My position is (position as a LAT-LONG position or bearing and distance from a fixed point)
I am (type of distress, e.g. on fire and sinking)
I require immediate assistance
I have (number of people on board and their condition)
(Any other information e.g. "I am abandoning to life rafts")
Over"
VHF instructors, specifically those working for the Royal Yachting Association
Royal Yachting Association
The Royal Yachting Association is the national governing body for certain watersports in the United Kingdom. Activities it covers include:* Sailing* Windsurfing* Motor cruising* Sportsboats* Personal watercraft* Powerboat racing...
, often suggest the mnemonic
Mnemonic
A mnemonic , or mnemonic device, is any learning technique that aids memory. To improve long term memory, mnemonic systems are used to make memorization easier. Commonly encountered mnemonics are often verbal, such as a very short poem or a special word used to help a person remember something,...
MIPDANIO for learning the message of a mayday signal: Mayday, Identify, Position, Distress, Assistance, Number of crew, Information, Over.
PAN PAN (urgency)
I, my vessel or a person aboard my vessel requires assistance but is not in distress.This overrides all but a MAYDAY call, and is used,
as an example, for calling for medical assistance or if
the station has no means of propulsion. The correct call is:
PAN PAN, PAN PAN, PAN PAN
All stations, all stations, all stations
This is [vessel name repeated three times]
My position is [position as a LAT-LONG position or bearing and distance from a fixed point]
I am [type of urgency, e.g. drifting without power in a shipping lane]
I require [type of assistance required]
[Any other information e.g. size of vessel, which may be important for towing]
Over
SECURITÉ (safety)
Note: "say-cure-i-tay"I have important meteorological, navigational or safety information to pass on. This call is normally broadcast on a defined channel (channel 16 for maritime VHF) and then moved onto another channel to pass the message. Example:
[On channel 16]
SECURITÉ, SECURITÉ, SECURITÉ.
All stations, all stations, all stations.
This is Echo Golf Niner-Three, Echo Golf Niner-Three, Echo Golf Niner-Three.
For urgent navigational warning, listen on channel six-seven.
Out.
[Then on channel 67]
SECURITÉ, SECURITÉ, SECURITÉ.
All stations, all stations, all stations.
This is Echo Golf Niner-Tree (three), Echo Golf Niner-Tree, Echo Golf Niner-Tree.
Floating debris sighted off Calshot Spit.
Considered a danger to surface navigation.
Out.