Presidential memorandum
Encyclopedia
A presidential memorandum is a type of presidential order issued by the President
of the United States
to the executive branch of the United States government. Presidential memoranda do not have an established process for issuance or publication. Presidential memoranda are generally considered less prestigious than executive orders.
There are three types of memorandum: presidential determination or presidential finding, memorandum of disapproval, and hortatory memorandum.
, or presidential finding, are memoranda required by a statute
and must be issued before certain actions are taken. For example, a presidential determination on the status of a country must be released before sanctions are imposed on the country.
is directed to executive agencies.
President of the United States
The President of the United States of America is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces....
of the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
to the executive branch of the United States government. Presidential memoranda do not have an established process for issuance or publication. Presidential memoranda are generally considered less prestigious than executive orders.
There are three types of memorandum: presidential determination or presidential finding, memorandum of disapproval, and hortatory memorandum.
Presidential determination
Presidential determinationPresidential Determination
A Presidential Determination is a document issued by the White House stating a determination resulting in an official policy or position of the executive branch of the United States government...
, or presidential finding, are memoranda required by a statute
Statute
A statute is a formal written enactment of a legislative authority that governs a state, city, or county. Typically, statutes command or prohibit something, or declare policy. The word is often used to distinguish law made by legislative bodies from case law, decided by courts, and regulations...
and must be issued before certain actions are taken. For example, a presidential determination on the status of a country must be released before sanctions are imposed on the country.
Hortatory memorandum
A hortatory memorandum is issued as a broad policy statement, but unlike a Presidential ProclamationPresidential Proclamation
A Presidential Proclamation is a statement issued by a President on a matter of public policy. They are generally defined as, "The act of causing some state matters to be published or made generally known...
is directed to executive agencies.
See also
- Executive order (United States)
- Presidential directivePresidential directivePresidential Directives, better known as Presidential Decision Directives or PDD are a form of an executive order issued by the President of the United States with the advice and consent of the National Security Council...
- Presidential proclamationPresidential ProclamationA Presidential Proclamation is a statement issued by a President on a matter of public policy. They are generally defined as, "The act of causing some state matters to be published or made generally known...