Ponerorchis
Encyclopedia
Ponerorchis is a small genus of Asian terrestrial tuberous orchids included in the orchid family Orchidaceae
.
It has been suggested that Ponerorchis should be broadened to include Chusua
, and that Hemipilia
should include single `orphan' species of Ponerorchis and Habenaria
They can be found in evergreen forests and meadows in temperate, mountainous regions from the Himalayas
to Siberia
and Japan
. They are closely related to the genus Orchis to which, in the past, they were thought to belong. The genus is distinguished from Orchis by having in the column
two bursicles (pouchlike receptacles) enclosing the pollinia
, instead of one. It shares with Orchis its spherical, ellipsoid or oblong tuber
s. The species Ponerorchis chidorii, endemic to Japan, is also known to grow epiphytically
.
In horticultural trade this genus is abbreviated as Pnr. These orchids, a wide variety of mostly cultivar
s of Ponerorchis graminifolia, are rarely grown outside Japan..
Orchidaceae
The Orchidaceae, commonly referred to as the orchid family, is a morphologically diverse and widespread family of monocots in the order Asparagales. Along with the Asteraceae, it is one of the two largest families of flowering plants, with between 21,950 and 26,049 currently accepted species,...
.
It has been suggested that Ponerorchis should be broadened to include Chusua
Chusua
Chusua is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae.- References :*Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. . Genera Orchidacearum 1. Oxford Univ. Press....
, and that Hemipilia
Hemipilia
Hemipilia is a genus of plant in family Orchidaceae. It contains the following species :-Species:...
should include single `orphan' species of Ponerorchis and Habenaria
Habenaria
Habenaria, commonly called bog orchids, are a far ranging genus of orchid, one of approximately 800 described Orchidaceae genera within that large and diverse family. There are species in both tropical and temperate zones.-Description:...
They can be found in evergreen forests and meadows in temperate, mountainous regions from the Himalayas
Himalayas
The Himalaya Range or Himalaya Mountains Sanskrit: Devanagari: हिमालय, literally "abode of snow"), usually called the Himalayas or Himalaya for short, is a mountain range in Asia, separating the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau...
to Siberia
Siberia
Siberia is an extensive region constituting almost all of Northern Asia. Comprising the central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, it was part of the Soviet Union from its beginning, as its predecessor states, the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire, conquered it during the 16th...
and Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
. They are closely related to the genus Orchis to which, in the past, they were thought to belong. The genus is distinguished from Orchis by having in the column
Column (botany)
The column, or technically the gynostemium, is a reproductive structure that can be found in several plant families: Aristolochiaceae, Orchidaceae, and Stylidiaceae....
two bursicles (pouchlike receptacles) enclosing the pollinia
Pollinium
Pollinium, or plural pollinia, is a coherent mass of pollen grains in a plant.They are the product of only one anther, but are transferred, during pollination, as a single unit. This is regularly seen in plants such as orchids and many species of milkweeds .Most orchids have waxy pollinia...
, instead of one. It shares with Orchis its spherical, ellipsoid or oblong tuber
Tuber
Tubers are various types of modified plant structures that are enlarged to store nutrients. They are used by plants to survive the winter or dry months and provide energy and nutrients for regrowth during the next growing season and they are a means of asexual reproduction...
s. The species Ponerorchis chidorii, endemic to Japan, is also known to grow epiphytically
Epiphyte
An epiphyte is a plant that grows upon another plant non-parasitically or sometimes upon some other object , derives its moisture and nutrients from the air and rain and sometimes from debris accumulating around it, and is found in the temperate zone and in the...
.
In horticultural trade this genus is abbreviated as Pnr. These orchids, a wide variety of mostly cultivar
Cultivar
A cultivar'Cultivar has two meanings as explained under Formal definition. When used in reference to a taxon, the word does not apply to an individual plant but to all those plants sharing the unique characteristics that define the cultivar. is a plant or group of plants selected for desirable...
s of Ponerorchis graminifolia, are rarely grown outside Japan..
Species
- Ponerorchis brevicalcarata (Finet) Soó , (1966)
- Ponerorchis chidorii (Makino) Ohwi , (1936)
- Ponerorchis chrysea (W.W.Sm.) Soó, (1966)
- Ponerorchis chusua (D.Don) Soó , (1966)
- Ponerorchis crenulata Soó , (1966)
- Ponerorchis curtipes (Ohwi) J.M.H.Shaw , (2003)
- Ponerorchis graminifolia Rchb.f. , (1852)
- Ponerorchis hemipilioides (Finet) Soó, (1966)
- Ponerorchis hui (Tang & F.T.Wang) Soó,. (1966)
- Ponerorchis joo-iokiana (Makino) Soó,(1966)
- Ponerorchis kiraishiensis (Hayata) Ohwi, (1936)
- Ponerorchis kurokamiana (Hatus. & Ohwi) J.M.H.Shaw, (2003)
- Ponerorchis limprichtii (Schltr.) Soó, (1966)
- Ponerorchis nana (King & Pantl.) Soó, (1966)
- Ponerorchis puberula (King & Pantl.) Verm., (1972)
- Ponerorchis renzii Deva & H.B.Naithani, (1986)
- Ponerorchis taiwanensis (Fukuy.) Ohwi , (1936)
- Ponerorchis takasago-montana (Masam.) Ohwi, (1936)