The Polish Socialist Party – Revolutionary Faction, also known as the Old Faction (Polish: Polska Partia Socjalistyczna – Frakcja Rewolucyjna, PPS–FR, or Starzy) was one of two factions into which the Polish Socialist Party

Polish Socialist Party

The Polish Socialist Party was one of the most important Polish left-wing political parties from its inception in 1892 until 1948...

 split in 1906. The Revolutionary Faction's primary goal was to restore an independent Poland, which was envisioned as a representative democracy.

Its opposition was the Polish Socialist Party – the Left (also known as PPS–L or the Young Faction), which believed that Poland should be a socialist country, established through proletarian revolution

Proletarian revolution

A proletarian revolution is a social and/or political revolution in which the working class attempts to overthrow the bourgeoisie. Proletarian revolutions are generally advocated by socialists, communists, and most anarchists....

, and likely a part of some larger international communist country.

With the failure of revolution in the Kingdom of Poland (1905-1907)

Revolution in the Kingdom of Poland (1905-1907)

The Revolution in the Kingdom of Poland was a major part of the Russian Revolution of 1905 in Russian-partitioned Poland . One of the major events of that period was the insurrection in Łódź in June 1905...

 PPS–L lost popularity, and PPS–FR regained dominance. In 1909 PPS–FR renamed itself back to Polska Partia Socjalistyczna (Polish Socialist Party); the increasingly marginal PPS–L merged with Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania

Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania

The Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania was a Marxist political party founded in 1893. Its original name was the "Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland" and it eventually became part of the Communist Workers Party of Poland...

 in 1918 to form the Communist Party of Poland

Communist Party of Poland

The Communist Party of Poland is a historical communist party in Poland. It was a result of the fusion of Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania and the Polish Socialist Party-Left in the Communist Workers Party of Poland .-1918-1921:The KPRP was founded on 16 December 1918 as...

. PPS in the meantime supported militarist pro-independence activities of Combat Organization of the Polish Socialist Party

Combat Organization of the Polish Socialist Party

The Combat Organization of the Polish Socialist Party , also translated as Fighting Organization of the Polish Socialist Party; also known as bojówki ; Organizacja Spiskowo-Bojowa PPS ; Koła Bojowe Samoobrony Robotniczej and Koła Techniczno-Bojowe The Combat Organization of the Polish Socialist...

 and Związek Walki Czynnej

Zwiazek Walki Czynnej

Związek Walki Czynnej was a Polish secret military organization founded in 1908 by Józef Piłsudski, Marian Kukiel, Kazimierz Sosnkowski and Władysław Sikorski, all members of the Combat Organization of the Polish Socialist Party's Revolutionary...

.

Activists of PPS–FR: Józef Piłsudski, Kazimierz Pużak

Kazimierz Puzak

Kazimierz Pużak was a Polish politician of the interwar period. Active in the Polish Socialist Party, he was one of the leaders of the Polish Secret State and Polish resistance, sentenced by the Soviets in the infamous Trial of the Sixteen in 1945.-Biography:Born on 26 August 1883 in a family of...

, Tomasz Arciszewski

Tomasz Arciszewski

Tomasz Arciszewski was a Polish socialist politician, a member of the Polish Socialist Party and the Prime Minister of the Polish government-in-exile in London from 1944 to 1947, presiding over the period when the government lost the recognition of the Western powers.-Early life:Tomasz Arciszewski...

, Rajmund Jaworowski, Leon Wasilewski

Leon Wasilewski

Leon Wasilewski was an activist of the Polish Socialist Party , a coworker of Józef Piłsudski, Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs, designer of much of Second Polish Republic policy towards the East, historian and father of Wanda Wasilewska....

, Mieczysław Niedziałkowski, Walery Sławek, Norbert Barlicki

Norbert Barlicki

Norbert Barlicki was a Polish publicist, lawyer and politician.Barlicki was murdered during the Second World War in the German concentration camp Auschwitz.-References:...

, Jędrzej Moraczewski

Jedrzej Moraczewski

Jędrzej Moraczewski was a Polish socialist politician who served as first Prime Minister of Poland , from November 1918 to January 1919....

.