Plumbate
Encyclopedia
In chemistry
, a plumbate is a salt having one of the several lead
-containing oxoanions. Although the term plumbate can refer either to plumbate(II) or plumbate(IV), it traditionally refers specifically to plumbate(IV), whereas plumbate(II) is referred to as plumbite
.
Plumbates are formed by the reaction of lead(IV) oxide, , with alkali. Plumbate salts contain either the hydrate
d plumbate anion, , or the anhydrous
anions (meta-plumbate) or (ortho-plumbate). For example, dissolving in a hot, concentrated aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide
forms the potassium salt . The anhydrous salts may be synthesized by heating metal oxides or hydroxides with . All plumbate(IV) salts are very strong oxidising agents. Some hydrated plumbate(IV) salts decompose upon dehydration. They are also decomposed by carbon dioxide
.
Red lead, a mixed oxide with formula , may be thought of as lead(II) ortho-plumbate(IV): . This structure is demonstrated by its reaction with nitric acid
, which yields the lead(II) nitrate salt, , and . Lead sesquioxide
, , is also known, and likewise has the structure lead(II) meta-plumbate(IV): .
Chemistry
Chemistry is the science of matter, especially its chemical reactions, but also its composition, structure and properties. Chemistry is concerned with atoms and their interactions with other atoms, and particularly with the properties of chemical bonds....
, a plumbate is a salt having one of the several lead
Lead
Lead is a main-group element in the carbon group with the symbol Pb and atomic number 82. Lead is a soft, malleable poor metal. It is also counted as one of the heavy metals. Metallic lead has a bluish-white color after being freshly cut, but it soon tarnishes to a dull grayish color when exposed...
-containing oxoanions. Although the term plumbate can refer either to plumbate(II) or plumbate(IV), it traditionally refers specifically to plumbate(IV), whereas plumbate(II) is referred to as plumbite
Plumbite
In chemistry, a plumbite is a salt having one of several lead-containing oxoanions in which lead is in the oxidation state +2. The term plumbite may also refer to the oxoanion itself...
.
Plumbates are formed by the reaction of lead(IV) oxide, , with alkali. Plumbate salts contain either the hydrate
Hydrate
Hydrate is a term used in inorganic chemistry and organic chemistry to indicate that a substance contains water. The chemical state of the water varies widely between hydrates, some of which were so labeled before their chemical structure was understood....
d plumbate anion, , or the anhydrous
Anhydrous
As a general term, a substance is said to be anhydrous if it contains no water. The way of achieving the anhydrous form differs from one substance to another...
anions (meta-plumbate) or (ortho-plumbate). For example, dissolving in a hot, concentrated aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide
Potassium hydroxide
Potassium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula KOH, commonly called caustic potash.Along with sodium hydroxide , this colorless solid is a prototypical strong base. It has many industrial and niche applications. Most applications exploit its reactivity toward acids and its corrosive...
forms the potassium salt . The anhydrous salts may be synthesized by heating metal oxides or hydroxides with . All plumbate(IV) salts are very strong oxidising agents. Some hydrated plumbate(IV) salts decompose upon dehydration. They are also decomposed by carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide is a naturally occurring chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom...
.
Red lead, a mixed oxide with formula , may be thought of as lead(II) ortho-plumbate(IV): . This structure is demonstrated by its reaction with nitric acid
Nitric acid
Nitric acid , also known as aqua fortis and spirit of nitre, is a highly corrosive and toxic strong acid.Colorless when pure, older samples tend to acquire a yellow cast due to the accumulation of oxides of nitrogen. If the solution contains more than 86% nitric acid, it is referred to as fuming...
, which yields the lead(II) nitrate salt, , and . Lead sesquioxide
Sesquioxide
A sesquioxide is an oxide containing three atoms of oxygen with two atoms of another element. For example, aluminium oxide is a sesquioxide.Many sesquioxides contain the metal in the +3 oxidation state and the oxide ion, e.g., Al2O3, La2O3...
, , is also known, and likewise has the structure lead(II) meta-plumbate(IV): .