Pinyin table - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

This pinyin table is a complete listing of all Hanyu Pinyin syllables used in Standard Chinese

Standard Chinese

Standard Chinese, or Modern Standard Chinese, also known as Mandarin or Putonghua, is the official language of the People's Republic of China and Republic of China , and is one of the four official languages of Singapore....

. Each syllable in a cell is composed of an initial (columns) and a final (rows). An empty cell indicates that the corresponding syllable does not exist in Standard Chinese.

The below table indicates possible combinations of initials and finals in Standard Chinese, but does not indicate tones, which are equally important to the proper pronunciation of Chinese. Although some initial-final combinations have some syllables using each of the five different tones, most do not. Some utilize only one tone.

Pinyin

Pinyin

Pinyin is the official system to transcribe Chinese characters into the Roman alphabet in China, Malaysia, Singapore and Taiwan. It is also often used to teach Mandarin Chinese and spell Chinese names in foreign publications and used as an input method to enter Chinese characters into...

entries in this page can be compared to syllables using the (non-romanized) Zhuyin

Bopomofo

Zhuyin fuhao , often abbreviated as zhuyin and colloquially called bopomofo, was introduced in the 1910s as the first official phonetic system for transcribing Chinese, especially Mandarin....

phonetic system in the Zhuyin table

Zhuyin table

This bopomofo table is a complete listing of all Zhuyin/Bopomofo syllables used in Standard Chinese. Each syllable in a cell is composed of an initial and a final . An empty cell indicates that the corresponding syllable does not exist in Standard Chinese.Finals are grouped into subsets ㄚ, ㄧ, ㄨ...

page.

NOTE: many syllables are not pronounced similarly to the English conventions. For a more thorough explanation, please refer to the main Pinyin

Pinyin

article.

Finals are grouped into subsets a, i, u and ü.

i, u and ü groupings indicate a combination of those finals with finals from Group a. For example:

Group i: i+ao=iao, i+ê=ie, i+ou=iu
Group u: u+ei=ui, u+ing=ong
Group ü: ü+ê=ue, ü+ing=iong

Most syllables are a combination of an initial and a final. However, some syllables have no initials. This is shown in Pinyin as follows:

if the final begins with an i, it is replaced with a y
if the final begins with an u, it is replaced with a w
if the final begins with an ü, it is replaced with yu
exceptions to the rules above are indicated by yellow in the table's no initial column:

Note that the y, w, and yu replacements above do not change the pronunciation of the final in the final-only syllable. They are used to avoid ambiguity when writing words in pinyin. For example, instead of:

"uen" and "ian" forming "uenian", which could be interpreted as:
- "uen-ian"
- "uen-i-an" or
- "u-en-i-an"
the syllables are written "wen" and "yan" which results in the more distinct "wenyan"

There are discrepancies between the bopomofo tables and the pinyin table due to the few standardization differences of a few slight characters between the mainland standard putonghua and the Taiwanese standard guoyu. For example, the variant sounds 挼(ruá; ㄖㄨㄚˊ), 扽(dèn; ㄉㄣˋ), 忒(tēi; ㄊㄟ) are not used in guoyu. Likewise the variant sound 孿 (lüán; ㄌㄩㄢˊ) is not recognized in putonghua, or it is folded into (luán; ㄌㄨㄢˊ).

Pinyin table		Initials																						Pinyin table
Pinyin table		(null)	b	p	m	f	d	t	n	l	g	k	h	j	q	x	zh	ch	sh	r	z	c	s	Pinyin table
Group a Finals	-i																zhi	chi	shi	ri	zi	ci	si	-i	Group a Finals
	a	a	ba	pa	ma	fa	da	ta	na	la	ga	ka	ha				zha	cha	sha		za	ca	sa	a
	o	o	bo	po	mo	fo				lo														o
	e	e			me		de	te	ne	le	ge	ke	he				zhe	che	she	re	ze	ce	se	e
	ê	ye																						ê
	ai	ai	bai	pai	mai		dai	tai	nai	lai	gai	kai	hai				zhai	chai	shai		zai	cai	sai	ai
	ei	ei	bei	pei	mei	fei	dei	tei	nei	lei	gei		hei				zhei		shei		zei			ei
	ao	ao	bao	pao	mao		dao	tao	nao	lao	gao	kao	hao				zhao	chao	shao	rao	zao	cao	sao	ao
	ou	ou		pou	mou	fou	dou	tou	nou	lou	gou	kou	hou				zhou	chou	shou	rou	zou	cou	sou	ou
	an	an	ban	pan	man	fan	dan	tan	nan	lan	gan	kan	han				zhan	chan	shan	ran	zan	can	san	an
	en	en	ben	pen	men	fen	den		nen		gen	ken	hen				zhen	chen	shen	ren	zen	cen	sen	en
	ang	ang	bang	pang	mang	fang	dang	tang	nang	lang	gang	kang	hang				zhang	chang	shang	rang	zang	cang	sang	ang
	eng	eng	beng	peng	meng	feng	deng	teng	neng	leng	geng	keng	heng				zheng	cheng	sheng	reng	zeng	ceng	seng	eng
	er	er																						er
Group i Finals	i	yi	bi	pi	mi		di	ti	ni	li				ji	qi	xi								i	Group i Finals
	ia	ya					dia			lia				jia	qia	xia								ia
	io	yo																						io
	ie	ye	bie	pie	mie		die	tie	nie	lie				jie	qie	xie								ie
	iai	yai																						iai
	iao	yao	biao	piao	miao		diao	tiao	niao	liao				jiao	qiao	xiao								iao
	iu	you			miu		diu		niu	liu				jiu	qiu	xiu								iu
	ian	yan	bian	pian	mian		dian	tian	nian	lian				jian	qian	xian								ian
	in	yin	bin	pin	min				nin	lin				jin	qin	xin								in
	iang	yang							niang	liang				jiang	qiang	xiang								iang
	ing	ying	bing	ping	ming		ding	ting	ning	ling				jing	qing	xing								ing
Group u Finals	u	wu	bu	pu	mu	fu	du	tu	nu	lu	gu	ku	hu				zhu	chu	shu	ru	zu	cu	su	u	Group u Finals
	ua	wa									gua	kua	hua				zhua	chua	shua	rua				ua
	uo	wo					duo	tuo	nuo	luo	guo	kuo	huo				zhuo	chuo	shuo	ruo	zuo	cuo	suo	uo
	uai	wai									guai	kuai	huai				zhuai	chuai	shuai					uai
	ui	wei					dui	tui			gui	kui	hui				zhui	chui	shui	rui	zui	cui	sui	ui
	uan	wan					duan	tuan	nuan	luan	guan	kuan	huan				zhuan	chuan	shuan	ruan	zuan	cuan	suan	uan
	un	wen					dun	tun		lun	gun	kun	hun				zhun	chun	shun	run	zun	cun	sun	un
	uang	wang									guang	kuang	huang				zhuang	chuang	shuang					uang
	ong	weng					dong	tong	nong	long	gong	kong	hong				zhong	chong		rong	zong	cong	song	ong
Group ü Finals	ü	yu							nü	lü				ju	qu	xu								ü	Group ü Finals
	üe	yue							nüe	lüe				jue	que	xue								ue
	üan	yuan												juan	quan	xuan								üan
	ün	yun												jun	qun	xun								ün
	iong	yong												jiong	qiong	xiong								iong
Pinyin table		(null)	b	p	m	f	d	t	n	l	g	k	h	j	q	x	zh	ch	sh	r	z	c	s	Pinyin table
Pinyin table		Initials																						Pinyin table

Colour Legend:

{| class="wikitable"

|-
! align="left" | "regular" initial or final
Final is in Group a or is a direct combination of:

i+Group a final
u+Group a final
ü+Group a final

|-
! align="left" style="background: rgb(204, 204, 204);" | Final of i, u, ü groups is a modified combination of:

i+Group a final
u+Group a final
ü+Group a final

|-
| syllable is direct combination of initial and final
(or follows rules for no-initial syllables outlined at the top of the page)
|-
| style="background: rgb(255, 255, 204);"| syllable is modified combination of initial and final
|}

Modified i, u, and ü group finals:

The following finals in the i, u, and ü groups are a modified combination of i, u or ü with a group a final:

ie=i+ê
iu=i+ou
in=i+en
ing=i+eng
ui=u+ei
un=u+en
ong=u+eng
ue=ü+ê
un=ü+en
iong=ü+eng

er (儿/兒) contraction

A few additional syllables are formed in pinyin by combining an initial-final combination from the table above with an additional er-final. Rather than two distinct syllables, the last "er" is contracted with the first combination, and therefore represented as one syllable (analogous to "they're" instead of "they are", and "isn't" instead of "is not" in English).

initial+final+er combinations
Syllable Result	initial	final	er final
banr	b	an	er
pir	p	i	er
mianr	m	ian	er
fur	f	u	er
dianr	d	ian	er
dingr	d	ing	er
tangr	t	ang	er
tuir	t	ui	er
nar	n	a	er
nür	n	ü	er
ger	g	e	er
ganr	g	an	er
kour	k	ou	er
kongr	k	ong	er
hair	h	ai	er
haor	h	ao	er
huar	h	ua	er
huor	h	uo	er
huir	h	ui	er
jinr	j	in	er
xiar	x	ia	er
xianr	x	ian	er
zher	zh		er
shir	sh		er
shuir	sh	ui	er
wanr		uan	er
wor		uo	er

er (儿/兒) contraction

See also