Phleboviruses
Encyclopedia
Phlebovirus is one of five genera of the family Bunyaviridae
. The Phlebovirus genus currently comprises over 70 antigenically distinct serotypes, only a few of which have been studied. The 68 known serotypes are divided into two groups: the Phlebotomus
fever viruses (the sandfly group, transmitted by Phlebotominae
sandflies) comprises 55 members and the Uukuniemi
group (transmitted by ticks) comprises the remaining 13 members.
Of these 68 serotypes, eight of them have been linked to disease in humans. They are: Alenquer virus, Candiru virus, Chagres virus, Naples virus, Punta Toro virus, Rift Valley fever
, Sicilian virus, and Toscana virus
. Recently identified is another human pathogenic serotype, the SFTS virus
.
Phleboviruses are class V viruses with a segmented negative-strand RNA genome. The genome
comprises 3 segments, one of which uses an ambisense coding strategy. The small segment (S) codes for the viral N protein and a non structural protein. The medium sized segment (M) codes for a precursor of the viral glycoproteins and non-structural components. The product of the largest segment (L) is the viral RNA polymerase.
They cause symptoms ranging from short self limiting fevers, such as pappataci fever
, to encephalitis
and fatal haemorrhagic fever.
Bunyaviridae
Bunyaviridae is a family of negative-stranded RNA viruses. Though generally found in arthropods or rodents, certain viruses in this family occasionally infect humans. Some of them also infect plants....
. The Phlebovirus genus currently comprises over 70 antigenically distinct serotypes, only a few of which have been studied. The 68 known serotypes are divided into two groups: the Phlebotomus
Phlebotomus
Phlebotomus is a genus of "sand fly" in the Dipteran family Psychodidae. In the past, they have sometimes been considered to belong in a separate family, Phlebotomidae, but this alternative classification has not gained wide acceptance.-Epidemiology:...
fever viruses (the sandfly group, transmitted by Phlebotominae
Phlebotominae
Members of the subfamily Phlebotominae are known outside of the United States by the name sand fly. This subfamily includes numerous genera of blood-feeding flies, including the primary vectors of leishmaniasis, bartonellosis and pappataci fever...
sandflies) comprises 55 members and the Uukuniemi
Uukuniemi
Uukuniemi is a former municipality of Finland.It was located in the province of Southern Finland and was part of the South Karelia region. The municipality had a population of 516 and it covered an area of 156.58 km² of which 54.88 km² was water. The population density was 5.1 inhabitants per...
group (transmitted by ticks) comprises the remaining 13 members.
Of these 68 serotypes, eight of them have been linked to disease in humans. They are: Alenquer virus, Candiru virus, Chagres virus, Naples virus, Punta Toro virus, Rift Valley fever
Rift Valley fever
Rift Valley Fever is a viral zoonosis causing fever. It is spread by the bite of infected mosquitoes, typically the Aedes or Culex genera. The disease is caused by the RVF virus, a member of the genus Phlebovirus...
, Sicilian virus, and Toscana virus
Toscana virus
Toscana virus is an arthropod-borne virus arbovirus that was first isolated from the sandfly, Phlebotomus perniciosus collected from the Grosseto province of the Tuscany region in Italy, although has subsequently been identified isolated from P. perfiliewi, and found across a wider Mediterranean...
. Recently identified is another human pathogenic serotype, the SFTS virus
SFTS virus
SFTSV is a Phlebovirus in the family of Bunyaviridae. It appears to be more closely related to the Uukuniemi virus serogroup than to the Sandfly fever group. It may be the prototype of a new serogroup within the Phlebovirus genus as it is only distantly related to both the existing serogroups.The...
.
Phleboviruses are class V viruses with a segmented negative-strand RNA genome. The genome
Genome
In modern molecular biology and genetics, the genome is the entirety of an organism's hereditary information. It is encoded either in DNA or, for many types of virus, in RNA. The genome includes both the genes and the non-coding sequences of the DNA/RNA....
comprises 3 segments, one of which uses an ambisense coding strategy. The small segment (S) codes for the viral N protein and a non structural protein. The medium sized segment (M) codes for a precursor of the viral glycoproteins and non-structural components. The product of the largest segment (L) is the viral RNA polymerase.
They cause symptoms ranging from short self limiting fevers, such as pappataci fever
Pappataci fever
Pappataci fever is a vector-borne febrile arboviral infection caused by three serotypes of Phlebovirus. Occurs in subtropical regions of the Eastern Hemisphere...
, to encephalitis
Encephalitis
Encephalitis is an acute inflammation of the brain. Encephalitis with meningitis is known as meningoencephalitis. Symptoms include headache, fever, confusion, drowsiness, and fatigue...
and fatal haemorrhagic fever.
Sandfly fever serogroup
The sandfly serogroup is divided into two groups: Naples and Sicilian- Belterra virus
- Chagres virus
- Corfu virus
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Sandfly fever Cyprus Virus
- Sandfly fever Sicilian virus
- Sandfly fever Turkey virus
Sandfly fever Naples serocomplex
- Granada virus
- Massila virus
- Punique virus
- Sandfly fever Naples virus
- Toscana virus
Uukuniemi serogroup
- Catch-me-cave virus
- Chizé virus
- Henan Fever virus
- Precarious Point virus
- Uukuniemi virus
External links
- Proteomics computational analyses suggest that the carboxyl terminal glycoproteins of Bunyaviruses are class II viral fusion protein (beta-penetrenes)
- Course BS335: Virology
- Phylogenetic relationships among members of the genus Phlebovirus (Bunyaviridae) based on partial M segment sequence analyses
- Viralzone: Phlebovirus
- Fever with Thrombocytopenia Associated with a Novel Bunyavirus in China, March 16, 2011, N. Engl. J. Med.