Pha̍k-fa-sṳ is an orthography

Orthography

The orthography of a language specifies a standardized way of using a specific writing system to write the language. Where more than one writing system is used for a language, for example Kurdish, Uyghur, Serbian or Inuktitut, there can be more than one orthography...

 used to write Hakka language, a Chinese dialect. It is invented by Presbyterian church in 19th century. Hakka New Testament published in 1924 is written in this system.

Writing system

uses a modified Latin alphabet

Latin alphabet

The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most recognized alphabet used in the world today. It evolved from a western variety of the Greek alphabet called the Cumaean alphabet, which was adopted and modified by the Etruscans who ruled early Rome...

 (an additional trema  for the close central unrounded vowel

Close central unrounded vowel

The close central unrounded vowel, or high central unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound used in some languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is . The IPA symbol is the letter i with a horizontal bar...

 /ɨ/) and some diacritics for tones. A single hyphen is added to indicate a compound.

Consonants

	Extended bopomofo	IPA	Examples
p	ㄅ	p	pak-kûng 伯公
ph	ㄆ	pʰ	pha̍k-fa 白話
t	ㄉ	t	tú-sṳ́ 肚笥
th	ㄊ	tʰ	thai-ngìn 大人
k	ㄍ	k	kâ-yèn 家園
kh	ㄎ	kʰ	khiung-ha 共下
ch	ㄗ/ㄐ	ts/tɕ	cho-tet 做得
chh	ㄘ/ㄑ	tsʰ/tɕʰ	chhâ-é 車-é
l	ㄌ	l	lî-mà 鯉嬤
m	ㄇ	m	mí-kuet 美國
n	ㄋ	n	nài-sâ 泥沙
ng	ㄫ	ŋ	ngiù-ngiuk 牛肉
s	ㄙ/ㄒ	s/ɕ	se-ngìn 細人
f	ㄈ	f	fî-kî 飛機
v	ㄪ	v/ʋ	vùn-si 文字
h	ㄏ	h	heu-sâng 後生

Semivowel

	Extended bopomofo	IPA	Examples
y	ㄧ	j	yá-têu 迓兜

Vowels

	Extended bopomofo	IPA
a	ㄚ	a
i	ㄧ	i
u	ㄨ	u
e	ㄝ
o	ㄛ
ṳ	ㆨ	ɨ
er	ㄜ	ɤ/ə
-p	ㆴ	p
-t	ㆵ	t
-k	ㆶ	k

Tone markings

	Diacritic	Chinese tone name	Pitch（Sixian）	Pitch（Hailu）	Examples
â	circumflex Circumflex The circumflex is a diacritic used in the written forms of many languages, and is also commonly used in various romanization and transcription schemes. It received its English name from Latin circumflexus —a translation of the Greek περισπωμένη...	yinping (dark even)	24	42	fôn 歡
á	acute Acute accent The acute accent is a diacritic used in many modern written languages with alphabets based on the Latin, Cyrillic, and Greek scripts.-Apex:An early precursor of the acute accent was the apex, used in Latin inscriptions to mark long vowels.-Greek:...	yinshang (dark rising)	41	14	hí 喜
a	none	yinqu (dark departing)	44	33	mien 面
ap	none	yinru (dark entering)	2	4	chuk 粥
à	grave Grave accent The grave accent is a diacritical mark used in written Breton, Catalan, Corsican, Dutch, French, Greek , Italian, Mohawk, Norwegian, Occitan, Portuguese, Scottish Gaelic, Vietnamese, Welsh, Romansh, and other languages.-Greek:The grave accent was first used in the polytonic orthography of Ancient...	yangping (light even)	11	44	thèu 頭
á	acute Acute accent The acute accent is a diacritic used in many modern written languages with alphabets based on the Latin, Cyrillic, and Greek scripts.-Apex:An early precursor of the acute accent was the apex, used in Latin inscriptions to mark long vowels.-Greek:...	yangshang (light rising) (merged with yinshang)	41	14	hí 喜
(å)	ring Ring (diacritic) A ring diacritic may appear above or below letters. It may be combined with some letters of the extended Latin alphabets in various contexts.-Ring above:...	yangqu (light departing)	--	11
a̍k	vertical line above	yangru (light entering)	4	2	sṳ̍t 食

• All words are written in their original tones instead of tones with tone sandhi
  Tone sandhi
  Tone sandhi is a feature of tonal languages in which the tones assigned to individual words vary based on the pronunciation of the words that surround them in a phrase or sentence. It is a type of sandhi, or fusional change, from the Sanskrit word for "joining".-Languages with tone sandhi:Not all...
  
  .