Petinesca is an archeological site on the territory of Studen

Studen

Studen is a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.-Geography:Studen has an area of . Of this area, 43% is used for agricultural purposes, while 19.6% is forested...

, a community of the Canton of Bern, in Switzerland, where Celtic and Roman vestiges were found.

Celtic and Roman vestiges

The site lies at the SE edge of the Jensberg mountain. Celtic and Roman ruins

Ruins

Ruins are the remains of human-made architecture: structures that were once complete, as time went by, have fallen into a state of partial or complete disrepair, due to lack of maintenance or deliberate acts of destruction...

 were found, some of which are still visible. The site comprises a Celtic fortification (Oppidum

Oppidum

Oppidum is a Latin word meaning the main settlement in any administrative area of ancient Rome. The word is derived from the earlier Latin ob-pedum, "enclosed space," possibly from the Proto-Indo-European *pedóm-, "occupied space" or "footprint."Julius Caesar described the larger Celtic Iron Age...

), and a fortified village dating from the Roman empire

Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the post-Republican period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....

, as a regional centre dating back to the 2nd Century B.C. till the 4th Century A.D.

Ruins of the Petinesa Roman station

In those times the area was already well colonised.

Petinesca was most certainly one of the Roman stations

Cursus publicus

The cursus publicus was the state-run courier and transportation service of the Roman Empire, later inherited by the Byzantine Empire. It was created by Emperor Augustus to transport messages, officials, and tax revenues from one province to another...

 also ensuring the maintenance and security of one of the main Roman roads axle in Helvetii

Helvetii

The Helvetii were a Celtic tribe or tribal confederation occupying most of the Swiss plateau at the time of their contact with the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC...

 that led from Aventicum

Aventicum

Aventicum was the largest town and capital of Roman Switzerland . Its remains are beside the modern town of Avenches....

  (Avenches

Avenches

Avenches is a Swiss municipality in the canton of Vaud, located in the district of Broye-Vully.-History:The roots of Avenches go back to the Celts...

) through Morat

Morat

Morat can refer to:* a type of mead made from honey and mulberries* Rose Morat of New York City, the victim of a high profile muggingIt is also the name given to:* the town of Morat, also known as Murten, in Switzerland...

, Chiètres

Kerzers

Kerzers is a municipality in the district of See in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. Its French name is Chiètres.-External links:*...

 and Kallnach

Kallnach

Kallnach is a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.-Sights:Kallnach is considered the longest Straßendorf in Switzerland. It stretches along the foot of a moraine of the Rhône Glacier at the edge of the Grosses Moos...

 to Solodorum (Soleure) et Windisch

Windisch

Windisch is a municipality in the district of Brugg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.-History:Windisch is situated at the site of the Roman legion camp Vindonissa. In 1064 the current municipality was mentioned as Vinse, and in 1175 as Vindisse. Until the 19th Century the official name was...

, along the Eastern part of the Seeland

Seeland (Switzerland)

Seeland is a region in Switzerland, at the foot of the first mountain range of the Jura Mountains containing the 3 lakes of Morat , Neuchâtel and Bienne . In previous aeras, it was the floodplain of the Aare and is thus swampy. After the huge hydrological works Jura water correction, the area...

. A bifurcation going through the steep gorge of Taubenloch

Taubenloch

Taubenloch, is a gorge located in the Canton of Bern, above Biel/Bienne in Switzerland. It crosses the first Jura Mountains mountain chain, as considered from the Swiss Plateau.-Location:...

 and crossed the Jura

Jura mountains

The Jura Mountains are a small mountain range located north of the Alps, separating the Rhine and Rhone rivers and forming part of the watershed of each...

 through the Col de Pierre Pertuis

Col de Pierre Pertuis

Col de Pierre Pertuis is a mountain pass in the Jura Mountains in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.It connects Sonceboz and Tavannes.The name of the pass comes from the Latin: Petra pertusa, meaning broken rock...

pass and Augusta Raurica

Augusta Raurica

Augusta Raurica is a Roman archaeological site and an open-air museum in Switzerland. Located on the south bank of the Rhine river about 20 km east of Basel near the villages of Augst and Kaiseraugst, it is the oldest known Roman colony on the Rhine....

 was leading to Germany

Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...

 along the Rhine.

Via Witzwil

Witzwil

The penitentiary systems Witzwil are a men's prison with a huge farm on the territories of the municipalities Erlach Gampelen and Ins in Canton of Berne and the municipality of Haut-Vully in Canton of Fribourg, Switzerland...

, a second road crossed the Seeland between the Lake of Neuchâtel and the lake of Morat.