In Particle Segregation particulate solid

Solid

Solid is one of the three classical states of matter . It is characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume. Unlike a liquid, a solid object does not flow to take on the shape of its container, nor does it expand to fill the entire volume available to it like a...

s tend to segregate by virtue of differences in the size, density

Density

The mass density or density of a material is defined as its mass per unit volume. The symbol most often used for density is ρ . In some cases , density is also defined as its weight per unit volume; although, this quantity is more properly called specific weight...

, shape and other properties of particles of which they are composed. The process of segregation occurs during as well as during subsequent handling of completed mix and it is pronounced with free flowing powders. Powders that are not free flowing or that exhibit high forces of cohesion or adhesion between particles of similar or dissimilar composition are often difficult to mix owing to agglomeration

Agglomeration

In the study of human settlements, an urban agglomeration is an extended city or town area comprising the built-up area of a central place and any suburbs linked by continuous urban area. In France, INSEE the French Statistical Institute, translate it as "Unité urbaine" which means continuous...

. The clumps of particles can be broken down in such cases by the use of mixtures that generate high shear forces or that subject the powder to impact. When these powders have been mixed, however, they are less susceptible to segregation because of the relatively high interparticulates forces that resist interparticulate motion leading to unmixing.

Segregation mechanisms

The five major segregation mechanisms are

• Sifting
• Angle of repose
• Fines fluidization
• Air entrainment
• Chute trajectory

Sifting

Sifting occurs when there is a significant variation of particle diameter in a mix. Interparticle motion causes the finer particles to sift through the coarser ones.

Angle of repose

Disparity of the angles of repose among different particles causes segregation. Particles deposited with greater angles of repose form a steep pile under the deposition point while the ones with lower angle of repose roll away from that point.

Fines fluidization

In this mechanism, the lighter or fluffier particles form a 'fluidized' layer. Only coarser particles can penetrate the fluidized fines and the finer particles remain in the top layer.

Air currents

The finer particles in a mix are susceptible to be airborne in the presence of airflow. They move away from the deposition point whereas the coarser particles tend to remain close to the deposition point.

Chute trajectory

The difference of friction coefficients of different particles in a mix results in different discharge trajectories as the mix slides down a chute. Particles with high friction coefficients show lower discharge angles the end close to the chute, while the trajectory of particles with low friction coefficients deviate further away from the chute.