Paragrammatism
Encyclopedia
Paragrammatism is the inability to form grammatically correct
sentences. It is characteristic of fluent
aphasia
, most commonly Wernicke's aphasia.
Paragrammatism is sometimes called "extended paraphasia," although it is different from paraphasia
. Paragrammatism is roughly synonymous with "word salad
," which concerns the semantic coherence of speech rather than its production.
Accroding to the Oxford Online Dictionary http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/paragrammatismOxford Online Dictionary, paragrammatism is defined as confused or incomplete use of grammatical structures, found in certain forms of speech disturbance.
Since Kleist introduced the term in 1916, paragrammatism denotes a disordered mode of
expressing oneself that is characterized by confused and erroneous word order, syntactic
structure and/or grammatical morphology (Butterworth/Howard 1987:2, Schlenck 1991:199f)
Most researchers suppose that the faulty syntactic structure (sentence blends,
contaminations, break-offs) results from a disturbance of the syntactic plan of the utterance
(de Bleser/Bayer 1993:160f)
In non-fluent aphasia, oral expression is often agrammatic, i.e. grammatically incomplete and/or incorrect. By contrast, expression in fluent aphasia usually appears grammatical, albeit with disruptions in content. Despite this persistent impression, errors of sentence structure and morphology do occur in fluent aphasia, although they take the form of substitutions rather than omissions. Understanding paragrammatism: A comparative case study
Etiology: Huber assumes a disturbance of the sequential organization of sentences as the cause of the syntactic errors (1981:3). Most students and practitioners regard paragrammatism as the morphosyntactic "leitsymptom" of Wernicke’s aphasia.
However, ever since the introduction of the term paragrammatism some students have
pointed out that paragrammatic and agrammatic phenomena, which in classical theory form
part of Broca’s aphasia, may co-occur in the same patient (Butterworth/Howard 1987:34).
for detailed discreption, please visit:
http://www.uni-potsdam.de/u/inlist/issues/10/inlist10.pdf
Grammar
In linguistics, grammar is the set of structural rules that govern the composition of clauses, phrases, and words in any given natural language. The term refers also to the study of such rules, and this field includes morphology, syntax, and phonology, often complemented by phonetics, semantics,...
sentences. It is characteristic of fluent
Fluency
Fluency is the property of a person or of a system that delivers information quickly and with expertise.-Speech:...
aphasia
Aphasia
Aphasia is an impairment of language ability. This class of language disorder ranges from having difficulty remembering words to being completely unable to speak, read, or write....
, most commonly Wernicke's aphasia.
Paragrammatism is sometimes called "extended paraphasia," although it is different from paraphasia
Paraphasia
Paraphasia is a feature of aphasia in which one loses the ability of speaking correctly, substitutes one word for another, and changes words and sentences in an inappropriate way. It often develops after a stroke or brain injury. The patient's speech is fluent but is error-prone, e.g...
. Paragrammatism is roughly synonymous with "word salad
Word Salad
Word Salad is a 1979 debut album by Fischer-Z. John Watts and Steve Skolnik formed the band in 1976 whilst at Brunel University. John Watts had been travelling up and down the country playing the club circuit. Fischer-Z was playing a crossover of the New Wave, Punk and Reggae genres...
," which concerns the semantic coherence of speech rather than its production.
Accroding to the Oxford Online Dictionary http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/paragrammatismOxford Online Dictionary, paragrammatism is defined as confused or incomplete use of grammatical structures, found in certain forms of speech disturbance.
Since Kleist introduced the term in 1916, paragrammatism denotes a disordered mode of
expressing oneself that is characterized by confused and erroneous word order, syntactic
structure and/or grammatical morphology (Butterworth/Howard 1987:2, Schlenck 1991:199f)
Most researchers suppose that the faulty syntactic structure (sentence blends,
contaminations, break-offs) results from a disturbance of the syntactic plan of the utterance
(de Bleser/Bayer 1993:160f)
In non-fluent aphasia, oral expression is often agrammatic, i.e. grammatically incomplete and/or incorrect. By contrast, expression in fluent aphasia usually appears grammatical, albeit with disruptions in content. Despite this persistent impression, errors of sentence structure and morphology do occur in fluent aphasia, although they take the form of substitutions rather than omissions. Understanding paragrammatism: A comparative case study
Etiology: Huber assumes a disturbance of the sequential organization of sentences as the cause of the syntactic errors (1981:3). Most students and practitioners regard paragrammatism as the morphosyntactic "leitsymptom" of Wernicke’s aphasia.
However, ever since the introduction of the term paragrammatism some students have
pointed out that paragrammatic and agrammatic phenomena, which in classical theory form
part of Broca’s aphasia, may co-occur in the same patient (Butterworth/Howard 1987:34).
for detailed discreption, please visit:
http://www.uni-potsdam.de/u/inlist/issues/10/inlist10.pdf