Pappobolus
Encyclopedia
Pappobolus is a genus of flowering plant
in the Asteraceae
family. It includes 38 species of shrubs and small trees that occur in the Andes Mountain region of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru . It is distinguished from closely related genera by its combination of shrubby habit and usually caducous pappus. Within the genus there is considerable variation in the pappus, a structure that has traditionally been considered a key to defining genera in Asteraceae, and this led to earlier confusion in defining the genus. Most of the species of the genus were originally described as members of Helianthus, based on having a pappus of two caducous awns. When it was recognized that they were not part of the exclusively North American Helianthus, they were transferred to a genus called Helianthopsis . The prominent synantherologist S. F. Blake, however, much earlier named the genus Pappobolus based on species that have a pappus of numerous caducous awns . It was only during the work of Panero on the genus that the congeneric nature of plants of the two pappus types was recognized, and this has subsequently been supported by both molecular phylogenetic studies and phytochemical analyses . Subsequent studies have shown that the genus is related to members of the subtribe Helianthinae that occur in Mexico, and it is likely that migration into South America only occurred following the closure of the Panamanian land bridge about 3 million years ago . Thus, the genus has exhibited an amazing burst of radiation in producing the relatively large number of species, a result in part that reflects the highly dissected montane topography of the Andean region.
Species include:
Flowering plant
The flowering plants , also known as Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta, are the most diverse group of land plants. Angiosperms are seed-producing plants like the gymnosperms and can be distinguished from the gymnosperms by a series of synapomorphies...
in the Asteraceae
Asteraceae
The Asteraceae or Compositae , is an exceedingly large and widespread family of vascular plants. The group has more than 22,750 currently accepted species, spread across 1620 genera and 12 subfamilies...
family. It includes 38 species of shrubs and small trees that occur in the Andes Mountain region of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru . It is distinguished from closely related genera by its combination of shrubby habit and usually caducous pappus. Within the genus there is considerable variation in the pappus, a structure that has traditionally been considered a key to defining genera in Asteraceae, and this led to earlier confusion in defining the genus. Most of the species of the genus were originally described as members of Helianthus, based on having a pappus of two caducous awns. When it was recognized that they were not part of the exclusively North American Helianthus, they were transferred to a genus called Helianthopsis . The prominent synantherologist S. F. Blake, however, much earlier named the genus Pappobolus based on species that have a pappus of numerous caducous awns . It was only during the work of Panero on the genus that the congeneric nature of plants of the two pappus types was recognized, and this has subsequently been supported by both molecular phylogenetic studies and phytochemical analyses . Subsequent studies have shown that the genus is related to members of the subtribe Helianthinae that occur in Mexico, and it is likely that migration into South America only occurred following the closure of the Panamanian land bridge about 3 million years ago . Thus, the genus has exhibited an amazing burst of radiation in producing the relatively large number of species, a result in part that reflects the highly dissected montane topography of the Andean region.
Species include:
- Pappobolus acuminatus (S. F. Blake) Panero
- Pappobolus acutifolius (S. F. Blake) Panero
- Pappobolus amoenus Panero
- Pappobolus andinus Panero
- Pappobolus argenteus (HBK) Panero
- Pappobolus cajamarcensis Panero
- Pappobolus cinerascens S. F. Blake
- Pappobolus davidii Panero
- Pappobolus decumbens Panero
- Pappobolus discolor (S. F. Blake) Panero
- Pappobolus ecuadoriensis Panero
- Pappobolus hutchisonii (H. Rob.) Panero
- Pappobolus hypargyreus (H. Rob.) Panero
- Pappobolus imbaburensis (Hieronymus) Panero
- Pappobolus jelskii (Hieronymus) Panero
- Pappobolus juncosae Panero
- Pappobolus lanatus (Heiser) Panero
- Pappobolus lehmannii (Hieronymus) Panero
- Pappobolus lodicatus (Cuatrecasas) Panero
- Pappobolus macranthus S. F. Blake
- Pappobolus mathewsii (Hochreutiner) Panero
- Pappobolus microphyllus (HBK) Panero
- Pappobolus mollicomus S. F. Blake
- Pappobolus nigrescens (Heiser) Panero
- Pappobolus robinsonii Panero
- Pappobolus sagasteguii (H. Rob.) Panero
- Pappobolus sanchezii Panero
- Pappobolus schillingii Panero
- Pappobolus senex (S. F. Blake) Panero
- Pappobolus smithii (Ferreyra) Panero
- Pappobolus stuebelii (Hieronymus) Panero
- Pappobolus storkhortonianus Panero
- Pappobolus subniveus (S. F. Blake) Panero
- Pappobolus szyszylowiczii (Hieronymus) Panero
- Pappobolus verbesinioides (HBK) Panero
- Pappobolus viridior (S. F. Blake) Panero
- Pappobolus woodsonianus Cuatrecasas
- Pappobolus youngiorum Panero