Pancha-Gauda and Pancha-Dravida are two chief divisions of Brahmins, as per the śloka

Sloka

Sloka may refer to:* Sloka, Latvia, a neighbourhood of Jūrmala, Latvia* Sloka meter, a Sanskrit meter* Śloka, a Hindu prayer* Sloka Gora, a small settlement in central Slovenia* Sloka...

 from Rājatarangini of / Kalhana

Kalhana

Kalhana , a Kashmiri, was the author of Rajatarangini , an account of the history of Kashmir. He wrote the work in Sanskrit between 1148 and 1149. All information regarding his life has to be deduced from his own writing, a major scholar of which is Mark Aurel Stein...

:

कर्णाटकाश्च तैलंगा द्राविडा महाराष्ट्रकाः ,
गुर्जराश्चेति पञ्चैव द्राविडा विन्ध्यदक्षिणे ||

सारस्वताः कान्यकुब्जा गौडा उत्कलमैथिलाः,
पञ्चगौडा इति ख्याता विन्ध्स्योत्तरवासिनः ||

Meaning :(The-) Karnātakas, Tailangas, Dravidas, Mahārāshtrakās and Gurjaras; these five(-types who-) live south of Vindhya (- mountains) are (called-) "five Dravidas" (- brahmins); (whereas-) Sārasvatas, Kanyakubja Brahmins

Kanyakubja Brahmins

Kanyakubj Brahmins are a Brahmin community found in central India, mainly in the states of Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Madhya Pradesh. The word Kanyakubja means Brahmins of the Kannauj region. Kannauj region was spread to border of Vidisha in ancient times...

, , Utkala Brahmin

Utkala Brahmin

Utkala Brahmin also known as Oriya or Orissa Brahmins, is a Varna from the Indian state of Orissa previously known as Utkala Kingdom, Kalinga Kingdom & neighbouring states of Chattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal & Jharkhand.-Background:The Utkala Kingdom was located in the eastern portion of...

s, and Maithil Brahmin

Maithil Brahmin

Maithil Brahmins form part of ancient Vedic Brahmins. Maithil s are a part of Panch-gauda , a group of highest-ranking castes among Brahmin, who still strive to follow rites and rituals according to ancient Hindu canons. Maithil Brahmin is a community of highly cohesive, and traditional Brahmins...

s, who live north of Vindhya (- mountains) are known as "five Gaudas" (-brahmins)..

The differentiation of brahmin community is mentioned in a Sanskrit text :

सृष्टियारम्भे ब्राह्मणस्य जातिरेका प्रकीर्तिता ।

एवम् पूर्व जातिरेका देशभेदादद्विधाऽभवत् ॥

गौड़द्रविड़ भेदेन तयोर्भेदाददश स्मृताः ...

Meaning : There was one caste of Brahmin in the beginning of Creation, but due to difference in country (of residence) it got bifurfated into two, namely Gauda and Dravida (i.e., Panch-Gauda and Panch-Dravida), which was again differentiated into ten (five Panchgaudas and five Panchdravida sub-castes).

Panch-Gauda still include a major portion of all Brahmin communities in North India , barring a few migrant Brahmin communities like Shakadvipi . Panch-Gauda includes many branches all of which come under Brahmin communities.