Paleobiota of the Solnhofen Formation
Encyclopedia

Chondrostei

Name Species Presence Notes

Coccolepis
Coccolepis
Coccolepis is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish.-See also:* Prehistoric fish* List of prehistoric bony fish...


C. bucklandi

Semionotidae

Name Species Presence Notes Images

Lepidotes
Lepidotes
Lepidotes is an extinct genus of neopterygian ray-finned fish from the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. Fossils have been found worldwide....


L. decoratus


L. intermedius

L. maximus

L. notopterus

L. oblongus

L. pustulosus

L. subovatus

L. unguiculatus

Macrosemiidae

Name Species Presence Notes Images

Histionotus
Histionotus
Histionotus is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish.-See also:* Prehistoric fish* List of prehistoric bony fish-External links:*...


H. oberndorferi


Macrosemius
Macrosemius
Macrosemius is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish.-See also:* Prehistoric fish* List of prehistoric bony fish...


M. rostratus

Notagogus
Notagogus
Notagogus is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish.-See also:* Prehistoric fish* List of prehistoric bony fish...


N. decoratus

N. denticulatus

Propterus
Propterus
Propterus is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish.-See also:* Prehistoric fish* List of prehistoric bony fish...


P. elongatus

P. microstomus

Eusemius
Eusemius
Eusemius is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the early Toarcian stage of the Early Jurassic epoch.-See also:* Prehistoric fish* List of prehistoric bony fish...


E. beatae

Pycnodontiformes

Name Species Presence Notes Images

Eomesodon
Eomesodon
Eomesodon is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish.-See also:* Prehistoric fish* List of prehistoric bony fish...


E. gibbosus


Gyrodus
Gyrodus
Gyrodus is an extinct genus of pycnodontiform bony fish that lived in the Jurassic and Cretaceous....


G. circularis

G. hexagonus

Mesturus
Mesturus
Mesturus is an extinct genus of bony fish....


M. verrucosus

Macromesodon

M. heckeli

M. macropterus

Proscinetes
Proscinetes
Proscinetes is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish.-See also:* Prehistoric fish* List of prehistoric bony fish...


P. elegans

P. formosus

Pachycormidae

Name Species Presence Notes Images

Asthenocormus
Asthenocormus
Asthenocormus is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived from the Callovian stage of the Middle Jurassic epoch to the early Tithonian stage of the Late Jurassic epoch.-See also:* Prehistoric fish* List of prehistoric bony fish...


A. titanius


Hypsocormus
Hypsocormus
Hypsocormus is an extinct genus of teleost fish from the Jurassic period of Europe.Hypsocormus was a fast-swimming predatory fish about long, with a half moon-shaped caudal fin similar to that of a modern mackerel. It had a single dorsal fin, elongated pectoral fins and tiny pelvic fins about half...


H. insignis

H. macrodon

Orthocormus
Orthocormus
Orthocormus is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish.-See also:* Prehistoric fish* List of prehistoric bony fish...


O. cornutus

Pseudoasthenocormus

P. retrodorsalis

Sauropsis
Sauropsis
Sauropsis is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish.-See also:* Prehistoric fish* List of prehistoric bony fish-External links:*...


S. depressus

S. longimanus

Others

Name Species Presence Notes Images

Heterostrophus
Heterostrophus
Heterostrophus is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived from the Callovian stage of the Middle Jurassic epoch to the early Tithonian stage of the Late Jurassic epoch.-See also:* Prehistoric fish* List of prehistoric bony fish...


H. latus

Caturidae

Name Species Presence Notes Images

Amblysemius

A. bellicianus

A. pachyurus

Caturus

C. furcatus

C. giganteus

Liodesmus
Liodesmus
Liodesmus is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the early Toarcian stage of the Early Jurassic epoch.-See also:* Prehistoric fish* List of prehistoric bony fish...


L. gracilis

L. sprattiformis

Ionoscopidae

Name Species Presence Notes Images

Ionoscopus
Ionoscopus
Ionoscopus is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish.-See also:* Prehistoric fish* List of prehistoric bony fish...


I. cyprinoides

I. esocinus

I. münsteri

I. striatissimus

Furidae

Name Species Presence Notes Images

Furo
Furo
is a Japanese word for bath. Specifically it is used to refer to a type of bath which originated as a short, steep-sided wooden bathtub. Baths of this type are found all over Japan in houses, apartments and traditional Japanese inns but are now usually made out of a plastic or stainless steel.A...


F. angustus

F. latimanus

F. longiserratus

F. microlepidotes

F. microlepidotes

Other halecomorphs

Name Species Presence Notes Images

Amiopsis
Amiopsis
Amiopsis is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish belonging to the Amiidae family.-See also:* Prehistoric fish* List of prehistoric bony fish...


A. lepidota

Amiid.


Ophiopsis
Ophiopsis
Ophiopsis is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish.-See also:* Prehistoric fish* List of prehistoric bony fish...


O. attenuta

O. procera

Solnhofenamia

S. elongata

Amiid.

Halecomorphi incertae cedis

Name Species Presence Notes Images

Brachyichthys

B. radiato-punctatus

B typicus

Callopterus
Callopterus
Callopterus is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the early Toarcian stage of the Early Jurassic epoch.-See also:* Prehistoric fish* List of prehistoric bony fish...


C. agassizzi

Lophiurus

L. minutus

Pleuropholidae

Name Species Presence Notes Images

Pleuropholis
Pleuropholis
Pleuropholis is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish.-See also:* Prehistoric fish* List of prehistoric bony fish...


P. laevissima

P. pompecki

P. wagneri

Aspidorhynchidae

Name Species Presence Notes Images

Aspidorhynchus
Aspidorhynchus
Aspidorhynchus is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish from the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. Fossils have been found in Europe and Antarctica....


A. acutirostris


Belonostomus
Belonostomus
Belonostomus or Diphyodus is a genus of prehistoric fish that was described by Louis Agassiz in 1844. Fossils range from to Belonostomus (meaning "big long mouth") or Diphyodus (meaning "double tooth") is a genus of prehistoric fish that was described by Louis Agassiz in 1844. Fossils range...


B. münsteri

B. tenuirostris

Pholidophoridae

Name Species Presence Notes Images

Ankylophorus
Ankylophorus
Ankylophorus is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish.-See also:* Prehistoric fish* List of prehistoric bony fish...


Indeterminate.


Eurycormus
Eurycormus
Eurycormus is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived from the Callovian stage of the Middle Jurassic epoch to the early Tithonian stage of the Late Jurassic epoch.-See also:* Prehistoric fish* List of prehistoric bony fish...


E. speciosus

Pholidophoristion
Pholidophoristion
Pholidophoristion is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish.-See also:* Prehistoric fish* List of prehistoric bony fish...


P. micronyx

P. ovatus

Pholidophorus
Pholidophorus
Pholidophorus is an extinct genus of teleost fish from the Triassic and Jurassic periods of Africa, Europe, and South America.Pholidophorus was a herring-like fish about long, although it was not closely related to modern herring. Like them, however, it had a single dorsal fin, a symmetrical tail,...


P. armatus

P. diagonalis

P. falcifer

P. macrocephalus

P. microps

P. sculptus

Allothrissopidae

Name Species Presence Notes Images

Allothrissops
Allothrissops
Allothrissops is an extinct genus of bulldog fish....


A. mesogaster


A. salmoneus

Pachythrissops
Pachythrissops
Pachythrissops is an extinct genus of fish from the Jurassic....


P. propterus

Thrissops
Thrissops
Thrissops is an extinct genus of teleost fish from the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.Thrissops was a fast predatory fish about long, that fed on other bony fish. It had a streamlined body with a deeply cleft tail and only very small pelvic fins...


T. formosus

T. subovatus

Orthogonikleithridae

Name Species Presence Notes Images

Leptolepides
Leptolepides
Leptolepides is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the early Toarcian stage of the Early Jurassic epoch.-See also:* Prehistoric fish* List of prehistoric bony fish...


L. haerteisi

L. sprattiformis

Orthogonikleithrus

O. hoelli

O. leichi

Anaethalionidae

Name Species Presence Notes Images

Anaethalion
Anaethalion
Anaethalion is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish.-See also:* Prehistoric fish* List of prehistoric bony fish...


A. angustissimus

A. angustus

A. knorri

A. subovatus

Others

Name Species Presence Notes Images

Ascalabos

A. voithii


Daitingichthys
Daitingichthys
Daitingichthys is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the early Toarcian stage of the Early Jurassic epoch.-See also:* Prehistoric fish* List of prehistoric bony fish...


D. tischlingeri

Eichstättia

E. mayri

Elops

cf. E. sp. 1

cf. E. sp. 2

cf. E. sp. 3

Tharsis
Tharsis
The Tharsis region on Mars is a vast volcanic plateau centered near the equator in Mars’ western hemisphere. The region is home to the largest volcanoes in the Solar System, including the three enormous shield volcanoes Arsia Mons, Pavonis Mons, and Ascraeus Mons, which are collectively known as...


T. dubius

Tischlingerichtys

T. viohli

Dinosaurs (including birds)

Possible dinosaur eggs have been located in Bayern, Germany.
Name Species Presence Notes Images

Archaeopteryx
Archaeopteryx
Archaeopteryx , sometimes referred to by its German name Urvogel , is a genus of theropod dinosaur that is closely related to birds. The name derives from the Ancient Greek meaning "ancient", and , meaning "feather" or "wing"...


A. bavarica
  1. Geographically located in Bayern, Germany.
  2. Geographically located in Bayern, Germany.


A. lithographica

Compsognathus
Compsognathus
Compsognathus was a small, bipedal, carnivorous theropod dinosaur. The animal was the size of a turkey and lived around 150 million years ago, the early Tithonian stage of the late Jurassic Period, in what is now Europe. Paleontologists have found two well-preserved fossils, one in Germany...


C. longipes
  1. Geographically located in Bayern, Germany.

Wellnhoferia
Wellnhoferia
Wellnhoferia is a genus of early prehistoric bird closely related to Archaeopteryx. It lived in what is now Germany, during the Late Jurassic. While Wellnhoferia was similar to Archaeopteryx, it had a shorter tail and its fourth toe was shorter than in Archaeopteryx...

  1. W. grandis
  • Geographically located in Bayern, Germany.

  • Pterosaurs

    Name Species Presence Notes Images

    Anurognathus
    Anurognathus
    Anurognathus is a genus of small pterosaur that lived approximately 150 million years ago during the late Jurassic Period ....


    A. ammoni


    Aurorazhdarcho
    Aurorazhdarcho
    Aurorazhdarcho is an extinct genus of azhdarchoid pterosaur known from the Late Jurassic of Bavaria, southern Germany.-Discovery and naming:...


    A. primordius

    Ctenochasma
    Ctenochasma
    Ctenochasma is a genus of Late Jurassic pterosaur belonging to the suborder pterodactyloidea. Three species are currently recognized: C. roemeri , C. taqueti, and C. elegans...


    C. roemeri

    C. elegans

    Originally classified as Pterodactylus elegans

    C. taqueti

    Cycnorhamphus
    Cycnorhamphus
    Cycnorhamphus is a genus of ctenchasmatoid pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Late Jurassic of France and Germany.In 1855 a fossil in a plate of shale from the Tithonian, found near Nusplingen in Württemberg, holotype GPIT "Orig. Quenstedt 1855, Taf...


    C. suevicus

    Originally classified as Pterodactylus suevicus

    Germanodactylus
    Germanodactylus
    Germanodactylus is a genus of dsungaripteroid pterodactyloid pterosaur from Late Jurassic-age rocks of Germany, including the Solnhofen limestone. Its specimens were long thought to pertain to Pterodactylus. Its head crest is a distinctive feature.-Description:Germanodactylus is described as...


    G. cristatus

    Originally classified as Pterodactylus cristatus

    G. rhamphastinus

    Gnathosaurus
    Gnathosaurus
    Gnathosaurus is a genus of ctenochasmatid pterosaur known from a single species, G. subulatus, described in 1833. This pterosaur had an estimated wingspan of about 1.7 meters. The slender, 28-cm-long skull had up to 130 needle-like teeth arranged laterally around the spoon-shaped tip...


    G. subulatus

    Pterodactylus
    Pterodactylus
    Pterodactylus is a genus of pterosaurs, whose members are popularly known as pterodactyls. It was the first to be named and identified as a flying reptile...


    P. antiquus
    • Only one species is currently supported as valid, the rest represent growth stages, often of other species, synonyms, or nomina dubia.

    P. arningi

    P. brevirostris

    P. cerinensis

    P. crocodilocephaloides

    P. grandipelvis

    P. kochi

    P. longirostris

    P. manseli

    P. maximus

    P. meyeri

    P. micronyx

    P. nettecephaloides

    P. pleydelli

    P. pulchellus

    P. redenbacheri

    P. scolopaciceps

    P. spectabilis

    P. suprajurensis

    "Pterodactylus"

    "P." longicollum

    Formerly considered a species of Pterodactylus, it is more closely related to Gnathosaurus and Germanodactylus.

    Rhamphorhynchus

    R. carnegiei
    • Only one species is currently supported as valid, the rest represent growth stages, often of other species, synonyms, or nomina dubia.

    R. curtimanus

    R. gemmingi

    R. grandis

    R. hirundinaceus

    R. kokeni

    R. longicaudus

    R. longimanus

    R. mayeri

    R. megadactylus

    R. muensteri

    R. phyllurus

    R. secondarius

    R. suevicus

    Scaphognathus
    Scaphognathus
    Scaphognathus was a pterosaur that lived around Germany during the Late Jurassic. It had a wingspan of about one meter.-Naming:The first known Scaphognathus specimen was described in 1831 by August Goldfuss who mistook the tailless specimen for a new Pterodactylus species: P. crassirostris. The...


    S. crassirostris
    1. Only two specimens have been recovered from the formation. The first was found in Eichstatt
      Eichstätt
      Eichstätt is a town in the federal state of Bavaria, Germany, and capital of the District of Eichstätt. It is located along the Altmühl River, at , and had a population of 13,078 in 2002. It is home to the Katholische Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, the lone Catholic university in Germany. The...

      , the second in Mulheim
      Mülheim
      Mülheim an der Ruhr, also called "City on the River", is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany. It is located in the Ruhr Area between Duisburg, Essen, Oberhausen and Ratingen...

      .
    • A Solnhofen genus erected in 1861 by J. A. Wagner when he recognized the rhamphorhynchoid nature of "Pterodactylus" crassirostris after the discovery of a specimen with a preserved tail. The Solnhofen Limestone is the only known source of Scaphognathus fossils.
  • S. crassirostris was originally named P. crassirostris in 1831 by August Goldfuss who mistook the tailless specimen for a new Pterodactylus species.

  • Crinoids

    Crinoid
    Crinoid
    Crinoids are marine animals that make up the class Crinoidea of the echinoderms . Crinoidea comes from the Greek word krinon, "a lily", and eidos, "form". They live both in shallow water and in depths as great as 6,000 meters. Sea lilies refer to the crinoids which, in their adult form, are...

    s of the Solnhofen Formation
    Taxa Presence Notes Images
    • Saccocoma
      Saccocoma
      Saccocoma is an extinct genus of crinoid that lived from the Late Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous in Europe and North America. It contains at least two species.-External links:* in the Paleobiology Database...

    1. S.

    Saccocoma remains are the most common macroscopic fossils in the Solnhofen limestone.


    Cephalopods

    Cephalopod
    Cephalopod
    A cephalopod is any member of the molluscan class Cephalopoda . These exclusively marine animals are characterized by bilateral body symmetry, a prominent head, and a set of arms or tentacles modified from the primitive molluscan foot...

    s of the Solnhofen Formation
    Taxa Presence Notes Images
    • Belemnotheutis mayri 


    Xiphosura

    Horseshoe crab
    Horseshoe crab
    The Atlantic horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, is a marine chelicerate arthropod. Despite its name, it is more closely related to spiders, ticks, and scorpions than to crabs. Horseshoe crabs are most commonly found in the Gulf of Mexico and along the northern Atlantic coast of North America...

    s of the Solnhofen Formation
    Taxa Presence Notes Images
    • Mesolimulus walchi


    General

    • Lambers, P. H. (1999). The actinopterygian fish fauna of the Late Kimmeridgian and Early Tithonian 'Plattenkalke' near Solnhofen (Bavaria, Germany): state of the art. Geologie en Mijnbouw 78:215-229.
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