Pakanic languages
Encyclopedia
The Pakanic languages, also known as Palyu and Mangic, are a tentative recently identified branch of endangered Austro-Asiatic languages
. They are spoken in southern China
and northern Vietnam
.
questions whether and how many of the languages will prove to be a new branch of Austro-Asiatic.
However, Li Yunbing (2005) separates these languages into a Pakanic branch and Mangic branch (Li 2005:307). According to Li (2005), Mangic is sometimes merged into Palaungic
.
Chinese
Austro-Asiatic languages
The Austro-Asiatic languages, in recent classifications synonymous with Mon–Khmer, are a large language family of Southeast Asia, also scattered throughout India and Bangladesh. The name Austro-Asiatic comes from the Latin words for "south" and "Asia", hence "South Asia"...
. They are spoken in southern China
Northern and southern China
Northern China and southern China are two approximate regions within China. The exact boundary between these two regions has never been precisely defined...
and northern Vietnam
Northern Vietnam
For the former country, see North VietnamNorthern Vietnam is one of the three regions within Vietnam ....
.
Classification
Peiros (2004) includes Mang within Pakanic, though Paul SidwellPaul Sidwell
Paul Sidwell is a researcher and director at the Centre for Research in computational Linguistics and the Australian National University. Sidwell is a leading specialist in Mon-Khmer languages, especially the Katuic and Bahnaric branches.-Publications:...
questions whether and how many of the languages will prove to be a new branch of Austro-Asiatic.
However, Li Yunbing (2005) separates these languages into a Pakanic branch and Mangic branch (Li 2005:307). According to Li (2005), Mangic is sometimes merged into Palaungic
Palaungic languages
The nearly thirty Palaungic or Palaung–Wa languages form a branch of the Austro-Asiatic languages.Most of the Palaungic languages lost the contrastive voicing of the ancestral Austro-Asiatic consonants, with the distinction often shifting to the following vowel...
.
- Pakanic
- BolyuBolyu languageThe Bolyu language is an Austro-Asiatic language of the Pakanic branch . In 1984, Bolyu was first studied by Liang Min of the Nationalities Research Institute in Beijing...
巴琉语 (Paliu, Lai 俫语) - BuganBugan languageBugan, Bogan, Pakan, or Buzhui is an Austro-Asiatic language. The existence of the Bugan language was not known by the rest of world until recently. There are about 3000 speakers, mostly in some villages in southern Guangnan and northern Xichou , Yunnan Province, China...
布甘语 (Bogan, Pukan, Pakan, Buzhui 布赘语)
- Bolyu
- Mangic
- MangMang languageMang is an Austro-Asiatic language of Vietnam and across the border in China....
莽语 – spoken in Lai Chau Provinces, Vietnam and YunnanYunnanYunnan is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the far southwest of the country spanning approximately and with a population of 45.7 million . The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders Burma, Laos, and Vietnam.Yunnan is situated in a mountainous area, with...
, ChinaChinaChinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture... - BuxingBit languageBit is a language spoken by around 1,500 people in northern Laos, concentrated in the provinces of Louang Namtha and Phongsali. There are thought to be about another 500 speakers over the border in Yunnan Province, China. It has been classified as Khmuic, Palaungic, and as Mangic....
(Buxin, Bit) 布兴语 – spoken in Mengla CountyMengla CountyMengla County is a county under the jurisdiction of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan province, China. The last Indochinese tiger in the wild in China is believed to have been killed near Mengla in 2009...
, YunnanYunnanYunnan is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the far southwest of the country spanning approximately and with a population of 45.7 million . The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders Burma, Laos, and Vietnam.Yunnan is situated in a mountainous area, with...
, China as well as Luang Namtha Province and Phongsaly Province in LaosLaosLaos Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south and Thailand to the west... - Kang 抗语 – spoken in Son La and Lai Chau Provinces, Vietnam
- KemieKemiehua languageKemiehua, is a poorly classified Mon–Khmer language spoken by a thousand people in China. Li proposes that it's a Mangic language. It has a subject–object–verb word order....
克蔑语 – spoken in Jinghong County, Sipsongpanna, YunnanYunnanYunnan is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the far southwest of the country spanning approximately and with a population of 45.7 million . The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders Burma, Laos, and Vietnam.Yunnan is situated in a mountainous area, with...
, ChinaChinaChinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture... - Kuan 宽语 (Damai) – spoken in Jinghong County, Sipsongpanna, YunnanYunnanYunnan is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the far southwest of the country spanning approximately and with a population of 45.7 million . The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders Burma, Laos, and Vietnam.Yunnan is situated in a mountainous area, with...
, ChinaChinaChinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
- Xinmen 欣门语 (Ksingmul?)
- Mang
Further reading
- Sidwell, Paul (2009). Classifying the Austroasiatic languages: history and state of the art. LINCOM studies in Asian linguistics, 76. Munich: Lincom Europa.
- Edmondson, Jerold A. 1995. "English-Bolyu glossary." Mon–Khmer Studies 24: 133-159.
- Edmondson, Jerold A. and Kenneth J. Gregerson. 1996. "Bolyu tone in Vietic perspective." Mon–Khmer Studies 26: 117-33.
- Sidwell, Paul. 1995. "Bolyu is a Mon–Khmer language: even if Benedict says so!" La Trobe working papers in linguistics. Volume 8 (1995). Bundoora, Victoria: Linguistics Program, La Trobe University.
- Li Jinfang. 1996. "Bugan — A New Mon–Khmer Language of Yunnan Province, China." Mon–Khmer Studies 26:135-160.
- Tan Sijie, et. al. 2007. "Y-chromosome polymorphisms define the origin of the Mang, an isolated population in China." In Annals of Human Biology, Vol. 34, No. 5, Pages 573-581.
Chinese
- 李旭练 / Li Xulian. 1999. 倈语硏究 / Lai yu yan jiu. Beijing: 中央民族大学出版社 / Zhong yang min zu da xue chu ban she.
- 李云兵 / Li Yunbing. 2005. 布赘语研究 / Buzhui yu yan jiu (A Study of Buzhui [Bugan]). Beijing: 民族出版社 / Min zu chu ban she.
- 高永奇 / Gao Yongqi. 2003. 莽语硏究 / Mang yu yan jiu (A Study of Mang). Beijing: 民族出版社 / Min zu chu ban she.
- 高永奇 / Gao Yongqi. 2004. 布兴语研究 / Buxing yu yan jiu (A Study of Buxing). Beijing: 民族出版社 / Min zu chu ban she.
- 陈国庆 / Chen Guoqing. 2005. 克蔑语研究 / Kemie yu yan jiu (A Study of Kemie). Beijing: 民族出版社 / Min zu chu ban she.