PSA X engine
Encyclopedia
The PSA X engine is a family of internal combustion engine
s used in Citroën
, Peugeot
, Talbot
and Renault
automobiles. The X family was mainly used in supermini
s and the entry level models of midsize vehicles. It is commonly called the "Douvrin" engine.
The X design was introduced in 1972 with the Peugeot 104
. It was an all aluminium alloy SOHC straight-4
design with two valves per cylinder driven by a chain, using petrol as fuel. It was applied transversely in front wheel drive vehicles only, tilted by 72°. Displacement ranged between 954 and 1361 cc. The gearbox (4 or 5 speed according to model) is integral and sits below the engine driven by transfer gears, using engine oil for lubrication.
The X was used until 1990. It was replaced by the more modern belt driven camshaft TU
which was introduced in 1986 in the Citroën AX. The TU engine was fitted with the now conventional end on gearbox with separate lubrication.
of 62 mm (2.4 in). It used a single barrel carburetor
, good for 45 PS (33 kW).
The XV was applied to the Citroën LN, Citroën Visa
, Peugeot 104
, Peugeot 205
and Talbot Samba
.
The XW was applied to the Citroën LN, Citroën Visa, Citroën BX, Peugeot 104, Peugeot 205 and Talbot Samba. The 66 PS version could be found in the sporty Visa X and the 1975 Peugeot 104 ZS.
The XZ had a brief career, and was applied to the Citroën Visa, Peugeot 104, Talbot Samba and Renault 14
. The 90 PS could be found in the Peugeot 104 ZS Coupé and Talbot Samba Rallye, and their respective racing
versions.
The XY was applied in 60 PS (44 kW) to the Citroën Visa, Peugeot 104 and Peugeot 205, Talbot Samba and Renault 14
GTL. The 72 PS variant could be seen in deluxe versions of these models, such as the Samba Cabrio and 205 XT, the Citroën BX and the Renault 14
TS. The 80 PS version was reserved for the intermediate sports levels Visa GT, 205 XS/GT, Samba S and the 104ZS. The two most powerful variants were used exclusively in the Visa Chrono and Chrono II, which had a successful career in rallying
, especially in France. A 1440 cc with over 150 PS (110 kW) was used in the Group B
racing model used by the factory team.
Internal combustion engine
The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer in a combustion chamber. In an internal combustion engine, the expansion of the high-temperature and high -pressure gases produced by combustion apply direct force to some component of the engine...
s used in Citroën
Citroën
Citroën is a major French automobile manufacturer, part of the PSA Peugeot Citroën group.Founded in 1919 by French industrialist André-Gustave Citroën , Citroën was the first mass-production car company outside the USA and pioneered the modern concept of creating a sales and services network that...
, Peugeot
Peugeot
Peugeot is a major French car brand, part of PSA Peugeot Citroën, the second largest carmaker based in Europe.The family business that precedes the current Peugeot company was founded in 1810, and manufactured coffee mills and bicycles. On 20 November 1858, Emile Peugeot applied for the lion...
, Talbot
Talbot
Talbot was an automobile marque that existed from 1903 to 1986, with a hiatus from 1960 to 1978, under a number of different owners, latterly under Peugeot...
and Renault
Renault
Renault S.A. is a French automaker producing cars, vans, and in the past, autorail vehicles, trucks, tractors, vans and also buses/coaches. Its alliance with Nissan makes it the world's third largest automaker...
automobiles. The X family was mainly used in supermini
Supermini car
A supermini is a British term that describes automobiles larger than a city car but smaller than a small family car. This car class is also known as the B-segment across Europe, and as subcompact in North America....
s and the entry level models of midsize vehicles. It is commonly called the "Douvrin" engine.
The X design was introduced in 1972 with the Peugeot 104
Peugeot 104
The Peugeot 104 is a supermini motor car designed by Paolo Martin and produced by the French car manufacturer Peugeot between 1972 and 1988.- Production history :Saloon launch 1972...
. It was an all aluminium alloy SOHC straight-4
Straight-4
The inline-four engine or straight-four engine is an internal combustion engine with all four cylinders mounted in a straight line, or plane along the crankcase. The single bank of cylinders may be oriented in either a vertical or an inclined plane with all the pistons driving a common crankshaft....
design with two valves per cylinder driven by a chain, using petrol as fuel. It was applied transversely in front wheel drive vehicles only, tilted by 72°. Displacement ranged between 954 and 1361 cc. The gearbox (4 or 5 speed according to model) is integral and sits below the engine driven by transfer gears, using engine oil for lubrication.
The X was used until 1990. It was replaced by the more modern belt driven camshaft TU
PSA TU engine
The PSA TU engine is a family of small four-cylinder engines used in the Peugeot and Citroën range of cars. It was introduced in 1986 with the Citroën AX, replacing the X family, although it shared many components with its predecessor...
which was introduced in 1986 in the Citroën AX. The TU engine was fitted with the now conventional end on gearbox with separate lubrication.
XV
The XV had a displacement of 954 cc, with a bore of 70 mm (2.8 in) and a strokeStroke
A stroke, previously known medically as a cerebrovascular accident , is the rapidly developing loss of brain function due to disturbance in the blood supply to the brain. This can be due to ischemia caused by blockage , or a hemorrhage...
of 62 mm (2.4 in). It used a single barrel carburetor
Carburetor
A carburetor , carburettor, or carburetter is a device that blends air and fuel for an internal combustion engine. It is sometimes shortened to carb in North America and the United Kingdom....
, good for 45 PS (33 kW).
The XV was applied to the Citroën LN, Citroën Visa
Citroën Visa
The Citroën Visa is a supermini that was produced by the French car marque Citroën from 1978 to 1988.-Development History:The Citroën Prototype Y to replace the 2CV based Citroën Ami that dated back to 1960 in the early seventies, was originally developed in co-operation with Fiat...
, Peugeot 104
Peugeot 104
The Peugeot 104 is a supermini motor car designed by Paolo Martin and produced by the French car manufacturer Peugeot between 1972 and 1988.- Production history :Saloon launch 1972...
, Peugeot 205
Peugeot 205
The Peugeot 205 is a supermini produced by the French car manufacturer Peugeot between 1983 and 1998. It was declared 'Car of the Decade' by CAR magazine in 1990. The 205 won 1984 What Car? car of the year.-History:...
and Talbot Samba
Talbot Samba
The Talbot Samba is a supermini car manufactured by the PSA Group in the former Simca factory in Poissy, France, and marketed under the short-lived modern-day Talbot brand. Based on the Peugeot 104, it was the only Talbot not inherited from Chrysler Europe, engineered by PSA alone. It was also the...
.
| Model | Output | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| XV8 | 45 PS (44 hp/33 kW) | 1-bbl carb |
XW
The XW had a displacement of 1124 cc, with a bore of 72 mm (2.8 in) and a stroke of 69 mm (2.7 in). It was initially powered by a single barrel carburetor, good for 57 PS (42 kW). A double-barrel carburetor version (XW 3S) raised power to 66 PS (48.5 kW). A detuned version with 50 PS (37 kW) was used in a few markets in place of the XV.The XW was applied to the Citroën LN, Citroën Visa, Citroën BX, Peugeot 104, Peugeot 205 and Talbot Samba. The 66 PS version could be found in the sporty Visa X and the 1975 Peugeot 104 ZS.
| Model | Output | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| XW3 | 57 PS (56 hp/41 kW) | 1-bbl carb |
| XW7 | 50 PS (49 hp/36 kW) | 1-bbl carb |
| XW3S | 66 PS (65 hp/48 kW) | 2-bbl carb |
XZ
The XZ had a displacement of 1219 cc, with a bore of 75 mm (3 in) and a stroke of 69 mm (2.7 in). It was powered by a single barrel carburetor, achieving 57 PS (42 kW) at launch, later 64 PS (47 kW). The XZ 7R variant used two double barrel carburetors which raised power to 90 PS (66 kW).The XZ had a brief career, and was applied to the Citroën Visa, Peugeot 104, Talbot Samba and Renault 14
Renault 14
The Renault 14 is a small family car produced by the French manufacturer Renault between 1976 and 1983.It was the first car to be produced in large volumes at the company's then new plant at Douai, although small pilot runs of the Renault 5 had preceded the 14's production in the...
. The 90 PS could be found in the Peugeot 104 ZS Coupé and Talbot Samba Rallye, and their respective racing
Motorsport
Motorsport or motorsports is the group of sports which primarily involve the use of motorized vehicles, whether for racing or non-racing competition...
versions.
| Model | Output | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| XZ5 | 57 PS (56 hp/41 kW) | 1-bbl carb |
| XZ? | 64 PS (63 hp/47 kW) | 2-bbl carb |
| XZ7 R | 90 PS (88 hp/66 kW) | twin 2-bbl carb |
XY
The XY was introduced in the place of the XZ. It had a displacement of 1360 cc, with a bore of 75 mm (3 in) and a stroke of 77 mm (3 in). It was initially available only in a double barrel carburetor with 72 PS (53 kW), but later became available with single barrel, twin single barrel and twin double barrel carburetors. This one could reach 93 or 112 PS (68.5 or 82 kW), depending on the model it was meant for and the level of tuning.The XY was applied in 60 PS (44 kW) to the Citroën Visa, Peugeot 104 and Peugeot 205, Talbot Samba and Renault 14
Renault 14
The Renault 14 is a small family car produced by the French manufacturer Renault between 1976 and 1983.It was the first car to be produced in large volumes at the company's then new plant at Douai, although small pilot runs of the Renault 5 had preceded the 14's production in the...
GTL. The 72 PS variant could be seen in deluxe versions of these models, such as the Samba Cabrio and 205 XT, the Citroën BX and the Renault 14
Renault 14
The Renault 14 is a small family car produced by the French manufacturer Renault between 1976 and 1983.It was the first car to be produced in large volumes at the company's then new plant at Douai, although small pilot runs of the Renault 5 had preceded the 14's production in the...
TS. The 80 PS version was reserved for the intermediate sports levels Visa GT, 205 XS/GT, Samba S and the 104ZS. The two most powerful variants were used exclusively in the Visa Chrono and Chrono II, which had a successful career in rallying
Rallying
Rallying, also known as rally racing, is a form of auto racing that takes place on public or private roads with modified production or specially built road-legal cars...
, especially in France. A 1440 cc with over 150 PS (110 kW) was used in the Group B
Group B
Group B was a set of regulations introduced in 1982 for competition vehicles in sportscar racing and rallying regulated by the FIA. The Group B regulations fostered some of the quickest, most powerful and sophisticated rally cars ever built. However, a series of major accidents, some fatal, were...
racing model used by the factory team.
| Model | Output | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| XY6B | 72 PS (70 hp/52 kW) | 2-bbl carb |
| XY? | 112 PS (110 hp/82 kW) | twin 2-bbl carb |
| XY7 | 60 PS (59 hp/44 kW) | 1-bbl carb |
| XY8 | 80 PS (78 hp/58 kW) | twin 1-bbl carb |
| XYR | 93 PS (91 hp/68 kW) | twin 2-bbl carb |
Sources
- Guide des moteurs Peugeot Citroën (in French)