Otto Kleinschmidt
Encyclopedia
Otto Kleinschmidt was a German
theologist
, pastor and ornithologist
. He introduced a typological species concept into German ornithology. His Formenkreis theory influenced the early ideas of Erwin Stresemann
. Others have considered him one of the first biogeographers. His position however was that similar "forms" (species) found in geographically distant regions could be accounted for by "formation rings" - with a fixed set of characters. This allowed him to support creationism while explaining biogeographical similarities.
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
theologist
Theology
Theology is the systematic and rational study of religion and its influences and of the nature of religious truths, or the learned profession acquired by completing specialized training in religious studies, usually at a university or school of divinity or seminary.-Definition:Augustine of Hippo...
, pastor and ornithologist
Ornithology
Ornithology is a branch of zoology that concerns the study of birds. Several aspects of ornithology differ from related disciplines, due partly to the high visibility and the aesthetic appeal of birds...
. He introduced a typological species concept into German ornithology. His Formenkreis theory influenced the early ideas of Erwin Stresemann
Erwin Stresemann
Erwin Stresemann was a German naturalist and ornithologist.Stresemann was one of the outstanding ornithologists of the 20th century...
. Others have considered him one of the first biogeographers. His position however was that similar "forms" (species) found in geographically distant regions could be accounted for by "formation rings" - with a fixed set of characters. This allowed him to support creationism while explaining biogeographical similarities.
Published works
- Kleinschmidt, O. (1900) Arten oder Formenkreise? Journal für Ornithologie 48:134-139
- Kleinschmidt A. 1950. Leben und Werk. Syllegomena Biologica. Festschrift zum 80. Geburtstage von Herrn Pastor Dr. Med. H.C. O. Kleinschmidt, Lutherstadt Wittenberg am 13. Dezember 1950 eds, A. von Jordans & F. Peus pp. 1-31. Leipzig: Wittenberg.
- Kleinschmidt O. 1897. [No title]. Journal für Ornithologie 45: 518-519.
- Kleinschmidt O. 1926. Der weitere Ausbau der Formenkreislehre. Journal für Ornithologie 74: 405-408.
- Kleinschmidt O. 1930. The Formenkreis theory and the progress of the organic world: A re-casting of the theory of descent and race-study to prepare the way for a harmonious conception of the universal reality. London, H.F. & G. Witherby.
- Kleinschmidt O. 1933 Kurzgefaßte deutsche Rassenkunde. Armanen-Verlag, Leipzig.
- Kleinschmidt O. 1933. Blut und Rasse. Die Stellung des evangelischen Christen zu den Forderungen der Eugenik. Unter Zugrundelegung eines am 18. April 1933 auf der zweiten Konferenz evangelischer Akademiker in Hannover gehaltenen Vortrags. Verlag Martin Warneck, Berlin.
Other sources
- Clancey PA. 1950. Some appreciative remarks on the work of Dr Otto Kleinschmidt by a British avian taxonomist. Syllegomena Biologica. Festschrift zum 80. Geburtstage von Herrn Pastor Dr. Med. H.C.O. Kleinschmidt, Lutherstadt Wittenberg am 13. Dezember 1950 eds, A. von Jordans & F. Peus, pp. 31-34. Leipzig: Wittenberg.