Orthodox Christianity in Uganda
Encyclopedia
Uganda is the first country to the south of the Sahara
where an Orthodox Christian community began to form.
. The Metropolia is in Namungona, a suburb of the capital Kampala
. The clergy consists of 50 priests and 7 deacons. It has 100 communities, many of which have no priests and are run by catechists. There are 41 brick churches, 17 medical clinics, and Holy Cross Mission Hospital. Many of the parishioners are orphaned children and total 16,000 enrolled. Many temples have parish boarding schools where children not only study, but live and eat at the expense of the parish. They also get professional education from the 13 secondary schools. There are 600 teachers, sometimes teachers from other confessions are hired, some convert to Orthodoxy in this way. At Monde there is the largest Orthodox village, "Fos Christou" (The Light of Christ). Father Antonios Mutyaba is the priest of that parish. At Monde there are 5 orphanages, a dining house, schools, a hospital, a church of Saint Anthony the Great, and the first monastery in Uganda with 2 nuns. The eldest of the nuns, Anastasia, is the first Orthodox nun in Uganda's history. In 1995 a seminary was opened within the Metropolia which is attended by 15 people. Study is 3 years long, and admission is once every two years. The most pressing problem for the church is the poverty of the African people and to keep those educated from leaving.
The Russian Orthodox Church also has a Mission Parish, The Annunciation Orthodox Church on Bukasa Island in Lake Victoria. The parish was founded in 1983, and is under the spiritual Omophore of Metropolitan Hilarion of ROCOR. Father Christopher Walusimbi is the Parish Priest.He has taken care of orphans and operates an ambulance service and was instrumental in the establishment of a school and a medical clinic. Both the school and clinic were dedicated to St.Panteleimon, but the Ugandan government took them over and they are now secular.The clinic which was started by Father Gerasimos in 1983 was abandoned after his explusion from Uganda in 1988, however the use of aid from the Government of Japan finished the clinic. Father Christopher planned and built the stone Church which is topped by a multi-colored Russian Dome.
, present Metropolitan of Kampala and of all Uganda.
Metropolitan Jonah said: "Some of the Africans were thinking people. They read books on the history of Christianity and found out that Catholics and Protestants are in opposition to each other in the way unsuitable for true Christians. They began to study thoroughly the Bible hoping to find answers to their questions. Once, one of them, an Anglican follower Rebuen Mukasa
, encountered in a dictionary the word 'Orthodoxy' and became interested in its meaning. It was called a 'true Church, Mother Church' there. He showed this to his friends and began to seek for further information on Orthodoxy".
This went on in the year 1919. They began to send letters all over the world with the questions on Orthodoxy. One came to a US citizen of African ancestry named George Alexander McGuire
. He sent them some literature on his non-canonical "African Orthodox Church
". Rebuen Mukasa and his friends then were finally convinced in setting up this religion in Africa. McGuire directed them to a Black Bishop named Daniel William Alexander who lived in South Africa. He came to Uganda and ordained them. Rebuen Mukasa became Father Spartas. But the bishop turned to be an Uniate. This was disclosed later by a Greek businessman.
The friends didn't stop their quest here. Father Spartas and his supporters found a priest from the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople who traveled through Africa and baptized and chrismated (anointed) Greek children. He came to Uganda and stayed for about 18 months teaching Father Spartas, Irenaeus Magimbi, Theodoros Nankyama and his friends in Orthodox Faith. It was in the beginning of the 1930s. He advised them to place themselves under the Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria in order to be in Canonical Communion. They sent many letters to Alexandria, but there was no answer. In the meantime they baptized people and opened many parishes moving mainly by foot or by bicycles. They gained many followers, but without outside help Father Spartas, and the God loving Orthodox Christians with him, could not manage alone. Eventually they voyaged by foot, by river, by sea, by land until they arrived in the Alexandrian Patriarchate, where they spent several years being taught what Holy Orthodoxy was, ultimately being ordained and sent back to Uganda.
in full canonical contact. In 1959 in Uganda was sent Bishop Nicolas, Metropolitan of Kampala and the entire East Africa. From 1959 the Patriarch of Alexandria began to assume spiritual direction for the Orthodox Churches of Africa.
By 1958 for better ruling of Orthodox communities in Eastern Africa the Irinopolis Metropolia was founded with the center in the Tanzania capital Dar es Salaam], which means "city of peace", in Greek, Irinopolis. The Bishop again ordained Father Spartas and his friends with the accordance to canons of the mother church.
Father Spartas and his friends began to create their church. First four of them converted their relatives to Orthodoxy, and spreading of the faith went further. Spartas understood that the Church is in need of educated people. He began teaching English language in the school founded by him which was officially private and belonged to the Church. The colonial authorities (Uganda received independence only in 1969), trying to secure its monopoly on education, issued a law directing to teach English only in state schools. That didn't stop Spartas and he was then sent to prison for 5 years.
From 1958, some young Ugandans were sent to Greece and other Orthodox countries, but few of them returned to the motherland. That became one of the problems. those who returned often conflicted with elder priests.
In 1959 Father Spartas visited Greece. He made speeches to Christians and called for Greeks to come to Africa for catechization and founding of a mission. It resulted in creation of several groups, mostly youth, of prayer and material support.
One of the priests in 1965, while being in the USA, addressed to 75 Greek parishes asking for help. Missionaries in Greece and the USA started to help African Orthodox followers, and still are helping them.
The first of the missionaries was Hieromonk Chrysostom Papasarantopulos
, who came to Uganda in 1960. He served in Africa till his death in December 1972. One of the most prominent missionaries was Stavrica Vachariu, an American woman of Greek ancestry who arrived in East Africa in 1971. She painted icons and taught Africans the basics of housekeeping.
The help of Greek missionaries was useful, but the principal affairs on apostolic sermon were held by native Africans themselves.
In 1972 in Alexandria for the first time in history three native Ugandans were consecrated Orthodox bishops. One of them was the enlightener of Uganda Spartas Rebuen Mukasa
, named the bishop Christophor Nilopolian. He died in 1982 as the prelate of this church.
By this time they joined the Alexandria Patriarchy there were more than 10 thousand followers of Makasa and Basadjikitalo in Uganda. There is no statistics on this, and exact numbers can hardly be known. Some sources state that in the beginning of 90s there were more than 200 thousand, and in 2004 there were about 1.5 million of Orthodox Christians in Africa.
Starting from 1995, the first African became Metropolitan — the Metropolitan of Kampala and the entire Uganda Theodoros Nankyama. From 1997, he was followed by Jonah, grandson of Obadia Basadjikitalo.
Sahara
The Sahara is the world's second largest desert, after Antarctica. At over , it covers most of Northern Africa, making it almost as large as Europe or the United States. The Sahara stretches from the Red Sea, including parts of the Mediterranean coasts, to the outskirts of the Atlantic Ocean...
where an Orthodox Christian community began to form.
Present day
Currently there are four Eparchies which are united into a Metropolia headed by Metropolitan Jonah LwangaJonah Lwanga
His Eminence, the Most Reverend Jonah is the Archbishop of Kampala and All Uganda, in central Africa, part of the Eastern Orthodox Church of Alexandria. His see is Kampala, with jurisdiction over all Uganda...
. The Metropolia is in Namungona, a suburb of the capital Kampala
Kampala
Kampala is the largest city and capital of Uganda. The city is divided into five boroughs that oversee local planning: Kampala Central Division, Kawempe Division, Makindye Division, Nakawa Division and Lubaga Division. The city is coterminous with Kampala District.-History: of Buganda, had chosen...
. The clergy consists of 50 priests and 7 deacons. It has 100 communities, many of which have no priests and are run by catechists. There are 41 brick churches, 17 medical clinics, and Holy Cross Mission Hospital. Many of the parishioners are orphaned children and total 16,000 enrolled. Many temples have parish boarding schools where children not only study, but live and eat at the expense of the parish. They also get professional education from the 13 secondary schools. There are 600 teachers, sometimes teachers from other confessions are hired, some convert to Orthodoxy in this way. At Monde there is the largest Orthodox village, "Fos Christou" (The Light of Christ). Father Antonios Mutyaba is the priest of that parish. At Monde there are 5 orphanages, a dining house, schools, a hospital, a church of Saint Anthony the Great, and the first monastery in Uganda with 2 nuns. The eldest of the nuns, Anastasia, is the first Orthodox nun in Uganda's history. In 1995 a seminary was opened within the Metropolia which is attended by 15 people. Study is 3 years long, and admission is once every two years. The most pressing problem for the church is the poverty of the African people and to keep those educated from leaving.
The Russian Orthodox Church also has a Mission Parish, The Annunciation Orthodox Church on Bukasa Island in Lake Victoria. The parish was founded in 1983, and is under the spiritual Omophore of Metropolitan Hilarion of ROCOR. Father Christopher Walusimbi is the Parish Priest.He has taken care of orphans and operates an ambulance service and was instrumental in the establishment of a school and a medical clinic. Both the school and clinic were dedicated to St.Panteleimon, but the Ugandan government took them over and they are now secular.The clinic which was started by Father Gerasimos in 1983 was abandoned after his explusion from Uganda in 1988, however the use of aid from the Government of Japan finished the clinic. Father Christopher planned and built the stone Church which is topped by a multi-colored Russian Dome.
History
The founders of Orthodoxy in Uganda were four men, one of them Obadia Basadjikitalo. His grandson is JonahJonah Lwanga
His Eminence, the Most Reverend Jonah is the Archbishop of Kampala and All Uganda, in central Africa, part of the Eastern Orthodox Church of Alexandria. His see is Kampala, with jurisdiction over all Uganda...
, present Metropolitan of Kampala and of all Uganda.
Metropolitan Jonah said: "Some of the Africans were thinking people. They read books on the history of Christianity and found out that Catholics and Protestants are in opposition to each other in the way unsuitable for true Christians. They began to study thoroughly the Bible hoping to find answers to their questions. Once, one of them, an Anglican follower Rebuen Mukasa
Ruben Spartas Mukasa
Ruben Spartas Mukasa was an early-20th Century religious reformer in Uganda. He had been part of the King's African Rifles of the British Army, but came to feel that there needed to be an end to colonial rule in Africa and that this must be obtained through a religious rejuvenation with...
, encountered in a dictionary the word 'Orthodoxy' and became interested in its meaning. It was called a 'true Church, Mother Church' there. He showed this to his friends and began to seek for further information on Orthodoxy".
This went on in the year 1919. They began to send letters all over the world with the questions on Orthodoxy. One came to a US citizen of African ancestry named George Alexander McGuire
George Alexander McGuire
George Alexander McGuire was the first Bishop, Metropolitan Archbishop and Primate of the African Orthodox Church . He was an Episcopal Priest who became involved in a movement to establish a Black Anglican denomination...
. He sent them some literature on his non-canonical "African Orthodox Church
African Orthodox Church
The African Orthodox Church is a primarily African-American denomination founded in the United States in 1921. It has approximately 15 parishes and 5,000 members, down significantly from the time of its greatest strength....
". Rebuen Mukasa and his friends then were finally convinced in setting up this religion in Africa. McGuire directed them to a Black Bishop named Daniel William Alexander who lived in South Africa. He came to Uganda and ordained them. Rebuen Mukasa became Father Spartas. But the bishop turned to be an Uniate. This was disclosed later by a Greek businessman.
The friends didn't stop their quest here. Father Spartas and his supporters found a priest from the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople who traveled through Africa and baptized and chrismated (anointed) Greek children. He came to Uganda and stayed for about 18 months teaching Father Spartas, Irenaeus Magimbi, Theodoros Nankyama and his friends in Orthodox Faith. It was in the beginning of the 1930s. He advised them to place themselves under the Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria in order to be in Canonical Communion. They sent many letters to Alexandria, but there was no answer. In the meantime they baptized people and opened many parishes moving mainly by foot or by bicycles. They gained many followers, but without outside help Father Spartas, and the God loving Orthodox Christians with him, could not manage alone. Eventually they voyaged by foot, by river, by sea, by land until they arrived in the Alexandrian Patriarchate, where they spent several years being taught what Holy Orthodoxy was, ultimately being ordained and sent back to Uganda.
Canonical Orthodoxy
But later in the year 1946 Orthodox communities of Uganda and Kenya were accepted to join the Patriarchal ThroneGreek Orthodox Church of Alexandria
The Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria, also known as the Patriarchate of Alexandria and All Africa is an autocephalous Greek Orthodox Church within the wider communion of Orthodox Christianity.Officially, it is called the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria to distinguish it from the...
in full canonical contact. In 1959 in Uganda was sent Bishop Nicolas, Metropolitan of Kampala and the entire East Africa. From 1959 the Patriarch of Alexandria began to assume spiritual direction for the Orthodox Churches of Africa.
By 1958 for better ruling of Orthodox communities in Eastern Africa the Irinopolis Metropolia was founded with the center in the Tanzania capital Dar es Salaam], which means "city of peace", in Greek, Irinopolis. The Bishop again ordained Father Spartas and his friends with the accordance to canons of the mother church.
Father Spartas and his friends began to create their church. First four of them converted their relatives to Orthodoxy, and spreading of the faith went further. Spartas understood that the Church is in need of educated people. He began teaching English language in the school founded by him which was officially private and belonged to the Church. The colonial authorities (Uganda received independence only in 1969), trying to secure its monopoly on education, issued a law directing to teach English only in state schools. That didn't stop Spartas and he was then sent to prison for 5 years.
From 1958, some young Ugandans were sent to Greece and other Orthodox countries, but few of them returned to the motherland. That became one of the problems. those who returned often conflicted with elder priests.
In 1959 Father Spartas visited Greece. He made speeches to Christians and called for Greeks to come to Africa for catechization and founding of a mission. It resulted in creation of several groups, mostly youth, of prayer and material support.
One of the priests in 1965, while being in the USA, addressed to 75 Greek parishes asking for help. Missionaries in Greece and the USA started to help African Orthodox followers, and still are helping them.
The first of the missionaries was Hieromonk Chrysostom Papasarantopulos
Chrysostomos Papasarantopoulos
Rev. Archimandrite Chrysostomos Papasarantopoulos was a pioneering missionary of the Orthodox faith in Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, and Congo.-Childhood Years:Rev...
, who came to Uganda in 1960. He served in Africa till his death in December 1972. One of the most prominent missionaries was Stavrica Vachariu, an American woman of Greek ancestry who arrived in East Africa in 1971. She painted icons and taught Africans the basics of housekeeping.
The help of Greek missionaries was useful, but the principal affairs on apostolic sermon were held by native Africans themselves.
In 1972 in Alexandria for the first time in history three native Ugandans were consecrated Orthodox bishops. One of them was the enlightener of Uganda Spartas Rebuen Mukasa
Ruben Spartas Mukasa
Ruben Spartas Mukasa was an early-20th Century religious reformer in Uganda. He had been part of the King's African Rifles of the British Army, but came to feel that there needed to be an end to colonial rule in Africa and that this must be obtained through a religious rejuvenation with...
, named the bishop Christophor Nilopolian. He died in 1982 as the prelate of this church.
By this time they joined the Alexandria Patriarchy there were more than 10 thousand followers of Makasa and Basadjikitalo in Uganda. There is no statistics on this, and exact numbers can hardly be known. Some sources state that in the beginning of 90s there were more than 200 thousand, and in 2004 there were about 1.5 million of Orthodox Christians in Africa.
Starting from 1995, the first African became Metropolitan — the Metropolitan of Kampala and the entire Uganda Theodoros Nankyama. From 1997, he was followed by Jonah, grandson of Obadia Basadjikitalo.
See also
- Greek Orthodox Church of AlexandriaGreek Orthodox Church of AlexandriaThe Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria, also known as the Patriarchate of Alexandria and All Africa is an autocephalous Greek Orthodox Church within the wider communion of Orthodox Christianity.Officially, it is called the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria to distinguish it from the...
- Chrysostomos PapasarantopoulosChrysostomos PapasarantopoulosRev. Archimandrite Chrysostomos Papasarantopoulos was a pioneering missionary of the Orthodox faith in Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, and Congo.-Childhood Years:Rev...
- Jonah (Lwanga) of KampalaJonah LwangaHis Eminence, the Most Reverend Jonah is the Archbishop of Kampala and All Uganda, in central Africa, part of the Eastern Orthodox Church of Alexandria. His see is Kampala, with jurisdiction over all Uganda...
- George Alexander McGuireGeorge Alexander McGuireGeorge Alexander McGuire was the first Bishop, Metropolitan Archbishop and Primate of the African Orthodox Church . He was an Episcopal Priest who became involved in a movement to establish a Black Anglican denomination...
- African Orthodox ChurchAfrican Orthodox ChurchThe African Orthodox Church is a primarily African-American denomination founded in the United States in 1921. It has approximately 15 parishes and 5,000 members, down significantly from the time of its greatest strength....
(non-canonical) - Raphael MorganRaphael MorganVery Rev. Raphael Morgan was a Jamaican-American priest of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, designated as "Priest-Apostolic" to America and the West Indies, later the founder and superior of the Order of the Cross of Golgotha, and thought to be the first Black Orthodox clergyman in America.He spoke...
Further reading
- Metropolitan Makarios (Tillyrides). Adventures in the Unseen. Orthodox Research Institute, 2004. 548 pp. ISBN 9780974561851
- Metropolitan Makarios (Tillyrides). The Origin of Orthodoxy in East Africa. Orthodox Research Institute.