Onchocercidae
Encyclopedia
Onchocercidae Chabaud & Anderson, 1959 is a family of nematode
s in the superfamily Filarioidea
. This family includes some of the most devastating human parasitic diseases, such as Lymphatic filariasis, Onchocerciasis
, Loiasis
, and other filariases
.
is still in a state of flux, and family Onchocercidae contains around 70–80 genera. The following genera are included in the family Onchocercidae in the Wikispecies
project and the Entrez Taxonomy Browser. The latter is the taxonomic system used in the NCBI family of databases, including PubMed.
Genera
Nematode
The nematodes or roundworms are the most diverse phylum of pseudocoelomates, and one of the most diverse of all animals. Nematode species are very difficult to distinguish; over 28,000 have been described, of which over 16,000 are parasitic. It has been estimated that the total number of nematode...
s in the superfamily Filarioidea
Filarioidea
Filarioidea is a superfamily of nematode.A specific member is known as "Filaria".Infections with Filarioidea cause Filariasis.It includes the family Onchocercidae....
. This family includes some of the most devastating human parasitic diseases, such as Lymphatic filariasis, Onchocerciasis
Onchocerciasis
Onchocerciasis , also known as river blindness and Robles' disease, is a parasitic disease caused by infection by Onchocerca volvulus, a nematode . Onchocerciasis is the world's second-leading infectious cause of blindness. It is not the nematode, but its endosymbiont, Wolbachia pipientis, that...
, Loiasis
Loa loa filariasis
Loa loa filariasis is a skin and eye disease caused by the nematode worm, loa loa. Humans contract this disease through the bite of a Deer fly or Mango fly , the vectors for Loa loa...
, and other filariases
Filariasis
Filariasis is a parasitic disease and is considered an infectious tropical disease, that is caused by thread-like nematodes belonging to the superfamily Filarioidea, also known as "filariae"....
.
Representative genera and species
The taxonomy of nematodes in the order SpiruridaSpirurida
Spirurida is an order of spirurian nematodes. Like all nematodes, they have neither a circulatory nor a respiratory system.Some Spirurida, like the genus Gongylonema, can cause disease in humans...
is still in a state of flux, and family Onchocercidae contains around 70–80 genera. The following genera are included in the family Onchocercidae in the Wikispecies
Wikispecies
Wikispecies is a wiki-based online project supported by the Wikimedia Foundation. Its aim is to create a comprehensive free content catalogue of all species and is directed at scientists, rather than at the general public...
project and the Entrez Taxonomy Browser. The latter is the taxonomic system used in the NCBI family of databases, including PubMed.
Genera
- Acanthocheilonema
- Acanthocheilonema viteaeAcanthocheilonema viteaeAcanthocheilonema viteae is a parasitic nematode.-External links:*...
(parasite of gerbils in Eastern Europe, Iran and North Africa)
- Acanthocheilonema viteae
- Brugia
- Brugia malayiBrugia malayiBrugia malayi is a nematode , one of the three causative agents of lymphatic filariasis in humans. Lymphatic filariasis, also known as elephantiasis, is a condition characterized by swelling of the lower limbs. The two other filarial causes of lymphatic filariasis are Wuchereria bancrofti and...
(one cause of filariasis in humans) - Brugia pahangiBrugia pahangiBrugia pahangi is an important parasite. It is a microfilarial nematode known to infect the lymph vessels of domestic cats and wild animals....
(parasite of domestic cats and wild animals) - Brugia timoriBrugia timoriBrugia timori is a human filarial parasitic nematode which causes the disease "Timor filariasis." While this disease was first described in 1965, the identity of Brugia timori as the causative agent was not known until 1977...
(cause of "timor filariasis" in humans)
- Brugia malayi
- Cercopithifilaria
- Cercopithifilaria johnstoni (parasite of rodents and marsupials in Australia)
- Dipetalonema
- Dipetalonema reconditum (parasite of dogs, and sometimes humans)
- Dipetalonema repens (parasite of dogs, and sometimes humans)
- Dirofilaria
- Dirofilaria immitisHeartwormHeartworm is a parasitic roundworm that is spread from host to host through the bites of mosquitoes. The heartworm is a type of filaria, a small thread-like worm. The definitive host is the dog but it can also infect cats, wolves, coyotes, foxes and other animals, such as ferrets, sea lions and...
(cause of heartworm in dogs and cats, occasionally humans) - Dirofilaria repens (parasite of dogs, and sometimes humans)
- Dirofilaria tenuis (parasite of raccoons, and rarely humans)
- Dirofilaria ursi (parasite of bears, and sometimes humans)
- Dirofilaria immitis
- ElaeophoraElaeophoraElaeophora Railliet & Henry, 1912 is a genus of parasitic nematodes which live attached to the interior surfaces of major arteries, veins and/or heart chambers in various large mammal hosts. Infestation with Elaeophora species is referred to as elaeophorosis. The species of Elaeophora have been...
- Elaeophora abramoviElaeophora abramoviElaeophora abramovi is a nematode parasite found in the hepatic arteries of the Moose in Russia.-Discovery and nomenclature:...
(parasite of moose in Russia) - Elaeophora bohmiElaeophora bohmiElaeophora bohmi is a nematode parasite found in various arteries of the horse. The adult males are 44-55 mm long and 95 µm wide, while adult females can be over 12 cm long and 210 µm wide. Microfilariae are not sheathed, and measure 300-330 µm long and 6-7 µm wide. The life cycle and clinical...
(parasite of horses in Austria and Iran) - Elaeophora elaphiElaeophora elaphiElaeophora elaphi is a nematode parasite found in the blood vessels of the liver in Red Deer in certain parts of Spain. The adult male measures 77 mm long and 549 µm wide, adult females are 91-109 mm long and 793-1049 µm wide, and microfilariae are 225 µm long. Though adult E...
(parasite of Red Deer in Spain) - Elaeophora poeliElaeophora poeliElaeophora poeli is a parasitic nematode found in the aorta, and sometimes the heart, of various cattle throughout Asia, and in parts of Africa. It is a large nematode, with males measuring 45-70 mm long and 200-260 µm wide, and females 40-300 mm long and 350 µm wide. Microfilariae are 340-346 µm...
(parasite of various cattle in Africa and Asia) - Elaeophora sagittaElaeophora sagittaElaeophora sagitta is a parasitic nematode found in the heart, coronary arteries and pulmonary arteries of several ruminant species and Water buffalo in Africa...
(parasite of several mammal groups in Africa) - Elaeophora schneideriElaeophora schneideriElaeophora schneideri is a nematode which infests several mammalian hosts in North America. It is transmitted by horse-flies. Infection in the normal definitive hosts, Mule deer or Black-tailed deer, seldom produces clinical symptoms...
(parasite of various ruminants in North America)
- Elaeophora abramovi
- Foleyella
- Foleyella furcata (parasite of lizards)
- Litomosa
- Litomosa westi (parasite of bats)
- Litomosoides
- Litomosoides brasiliensis (parasite of bats)
- Litomosoides scottiLitomosoides scottiLitomosoides scotti is a parasitic nematode in the genus Litomosoides. First described in 1973, it infects the marsh rice rat and is known from a saltwater marsh at Cedar Key, Florida.-Literature cited:...
(parasite of the marsh rice ratMarsh Rice RatThe marsh rice rat is a semiaquatic North American rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found mostly in the eastern and southern United States, from New Jersey and Kansas south to Florida and northeasternmost Tamaulipas, Mexico; its range previously extended further west and north, where it may...
) - Litomosoides sigmodontis (parasite of rodents)
- Litomosoides wilsoni (parasite of opossums)
- LoaLoa loa filariasisLoa loa filariasis is a skin and eye disease caused by the nematode worm, loa loa. Humans contract this disease through the bite of a Deer fly or Mango fly , the vectors for Loa loa...
- Loa loaLoa loa filariasisLoa loa filariasis is a skin and eye disease caused by the nematode worm, loa loa. Humans contract this disease through the bite of a Deer fly or Mango fly , the vectors for Loa loa...
- Loa loa
- MansonellaMansonellaMansonella perstans is a vector-borne human filarial nematode, transmitted by tiny blood-sucking flies called midges. . Mansonella perstans is one of two filarial nematodes that cause Serous Cavity Filariasis in humans. The other filarial nematode is Mansonella ozzardi...
(see also MansonelliasisMansonelliasisMansonelliasis is the condition of infection by the nematode Mansonella.The disease exists in Africa and tropical Americas, spread by biting midges or blackflies...
)- Mansonella ozzardi (parasite of man in Central and South America)
- Mansonella perstans (parasite of humans and primates in Africa and South America)
- Mansonella streptocerca (parasite of humans in Africa)
- Ochoterenella
- Ochoterenella digiticauda (parasite of amphibians)
- OnchocercaOnchocercaOnchocerca is a genus of roundworm. It contains one human parasite - Onchocerca volvulus - which is responsible for the neglected disease Onchocerciasis, also known as "River Blindness" because the infected humans tend to live near rivers where host black flies live...
- Onchocerca gibsoni (parasite of cattle in Asia and Australia)
- Onchocerca gutturosa (parasite of cattle in Africa, Europe, and North America)
- Onchocerca volvulusOnchocerciasisOnchocerciasis , also known as river blindness and Robles' disease, is a parasitic disease caused by infection by Onchocerca volvulus, a nematode . Onchocerciasis is the world's second-leading infectious cause of blindness. It is not the nematode, but its endosymbiont, Wolbachia pipientis, that...
(parasite of humans in Africa, cause of River blindness)
- Piratuba
- Piratuba digiticauda (parasite of amphibians)
- Sarconema
- Sarconema eurycerca (cause of heartworm in swans)
- Waltonella
- Waltonella flexicauda (parasite of bullfrogs)
- Wuchereria
- Wuchereria bancroftiWuchereria bancroftiFilaria, is a parasitic filarial nematode spread by a mosquito vector. It is one of the three parasites that cause lymphatic filariasis, an infection of the lymphatic system by filarial worms. It affects over 120 million people, primarily in Africa, South America, and other tropical and...
(parasite of humans, cause of "bancroftian filariasis") - Wuchereria kalimantani (parasite of monkeys in Indonesia)
- Wuchereria bancrofti