Nivôse - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

For the frigate of the French Navy, see Nivôse (F 732)

Nivôse (nivoz; also Nivose) was the fourth month

Month

A month is a unit of time, used with calendars, which was first used and invented in Mesopotamia, as a natural period related to the motion of the Moon; month and Moon are cognates. The traditional concept arose with the cycle of moon phases; such months are synodic months and last approximately...

in the French Republican Calendar

French Republican Calendar

The French Republican Calendar or French Revolutionary Calendar was a calendar created and implemented during the French Revolution, and used by the French government for about 12 years from late 1793 to 1805, and for 18 days by the Paris Commune in 1871...

. The month was named after the Latin

Latin

Latin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It, along with most European languages, is a descendant of the ancient Proto-Indo-European language. Although it is considered a dead language, a number of scholars and members of the Christian clergy speak it fluently, and...

word nivosus, which means snow.

Nivôse was the first month of the winter quarter (mois d'hiver). It started between 21 and 23 December. It ended between 19 and 21 January. It follows the Frimaire

Frimaire

Frimaire was the third month in the French Republican Calendar. The month was named after the French word frimas, which means frost.Frimaire was the third month of the autumn quarter . It started between November 21 and November 23. It ended between December 20 and December 22...

and precedes the Pluviôse

Pluviôse

Pluviôse was the fifth month in the French Republican Calendar. The month was named after the Latin word pluviosus, which means rainy....

.

The new names for the calendar were suggested by Fabre d'Églantine

Fabre d'Églantine

Philippe François Nazaire Fabre d'Églantine , commonly known as Fabre d'Églantine , was a French actor, dramatist, poet, and politician of the French Revolution.-Early life:He was born in Carcassonne, Aude...

on 24 October 1793. On 24 November the National Convention

National Convention

During the French Revolution, the National Convention or Convention, in France, comprised the constitutional and legislative assembly which sat from 20 September 1792 to 26 October 1795 . It held executive power in France during the first years of the French First Republic...

accepted the names with minor changes. So it was decided to omit the circumflex

Circumflex

The circumflex is a diacritic used in the written forms of many languages, and is also commonly used in various romanization and transcription schemes. It received its English name from Latin circumflexus —a translation of the Greek περισπωμένη...

(accent circonflexe) in the names of the winter months. So the month was named Nivose instead of Nivôse. Historiography

Historiography

Historiography refers either to the study of the history and methodology of history as a discipline, or to a body of historical work on a specialized topic...

still prefers the spelling
Nivôse.

Day name table

Like all FRC months Nivôse lasted 30 days and was divided into three 10-day weeks called décades (decades). The 5th (Quintidi)
day of every decade was named after a domestic animal, the 10th day (Decadi) after an agricultural tool (Decadi). Different from the other months the rest of the days were not named after an agricultural plant, but after a mineral or animal substance. Fabre d'Églantine says about this topic:

"In Nivôse earth is sealed and usually covered with snow. At this time earth is resting and there are no herbal agriculture products to characterize this month. We rather took names of animal and mineral substances of agricultural use."

|- bgcolor=#e0e0e0
| ALIGN="right"|
| ALIGN="center" colspan=2| 1^re Décade
| ALIGN="center" colspan=2| 2^e Décade
| ALIGN="center" colspan=2| 3^e Décade
|-
| ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#e0e0e0|Primidi
| ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0| 1.
| ALIGN="left" bgcolor=#fffff0 width=28%|Tourbe (Peat)
| ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0|11.
| ALIGN="left" bgcolor=#fffff0 width=28%|Granit (Granite)
| ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0|21.
| ALIGN="left" bgcolor=#fffff0 width=28%|Pierre à plâtre (Gypsum)
|-
| ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#e0e0e0|Duodi
| ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0| 2.
| ALIGN="left" bgcolor=#fffff0|Houille (Coal)
| ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0|12.
| ALIGN="left" bgcolor=#fffff0|Argile (Clay)
| ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0|22.
| ALIGN="left" bgcolor=#fffff0|Sel (Salt)
|-
| ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#e0e0e0|Tridi
| ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0| 3.
| ALIGN="left" bgcolor=#fffff0|Bitume (Asphalt)
| ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0|13.
| ALIGN="left" bgcolor=#fffff0|Ardoise (Slate)
| ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0|23.
| ALIGN="left" bgcolor=#fffff0|Fer (Iron)
|-
| ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#e0e0e0|Quartidi
| ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0| 4.
| ALIGN="left" bgcolor=#fffff0|Soufre (Sulphur)
| ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0|14.
| ALIGN="left" bgcolor=#fffff0|Grès (Sandstone)
| ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0|24.
| ALIGN="left" bgcolor=#fffff0|Cuivre (Copper)
|-
| ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#e0e0e0|Quintidi
| ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0| 5.
| ALIGN="left" bgcolor=#fffff0|Chien (Dog)
| ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0|15.
| ALIGN="left" bgcolor=#fffff0|Lapin (Coney)
| ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0|25.
| ALIGN="left" bgcolor=#fffff0|Chat (Cat)
|-
| ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#e0e0e0|Sextidi
| ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0| 6.
| ALIGN="left" bgcolor=#fffff0|Lave (Lava)
| ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0|16.
| ALIGN="left" bgcolor=#fffff0|Silex (Flint)
| ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0|26.
| ALIGN="left" bgcolor=#fffff0|Étain (Tin)
|-
| ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#e0e0e0|Septidi
| ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0| 7.
| ALIGN="left" bgcolor=#fffff0|Terre végétale (Humus)
| ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0|17.
| ALIGN="left" bgcolor=#fffff0|Marne (Marl)
| ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0|27.
| ALIGN="left" bgcolor=#fffff0|Plomb (Lead)
|-
| ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#e0e0e0|Octidi
| ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0| 8.
| ALIGN="left" bgcolor=#fffff0|Fumier (Manure)
| ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0|18.
| ALIGN="left" bgcolor=#fffff0|Pierre à chaux (Limestone)
| ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0|28.
| ALIGN="left" bgcolor=#fffff0|Zinc (Zinc)
|-
| ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#e0e0e0|Nonidi
| ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0| 9.
| ALIGN="left" bgcolor=#fffff0|Salpêtre (Nitrate)
| ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0|19.
| ALIGN="left" bgcolor=#fffff0|Marbre (Marble)
| ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0|29.
| ALIGN="left" bgcolor=#fffff0|Mercure (Mercury)
|-
| ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#e0e0e0|Decadi
| ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0|10.
| ALIGN="left" bgcolor=#fffff0|Fléau (Flail)
| ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0|20.
| ALIGN="left" bgcolor=#fffff0|Van (Winnowing Basket)
| ALIGN="right" bgcolor=#d0f0d0|30.
| ALIGN="left" bgcolor=#fffff0|Crible (Sieve)
|}>

Conversion table

Table for conversion between Republican and Gregorian Calendar
for the month "Nivôse"

EWLINE

idth="66%" align="center" style="text-align:center">
I.	II.	III.	V.	VI.	VII.

idth="100%" style="text-align: center">

December

1792–1793

1793–1794

1794–1795

1796–1797

1797–1798

1798–1799

January

EWLINE

idth="77%" align="center" style="text-align:center">
IV.	VIII.	IX.	X.	XI.	XIII.	XIV.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 idth="100%" style="text-align: center"> December 1795–1796 1799–1800 1800–1801 1801–1802 1802–1803 1804–1805 1805 January EWLINE

idth="11%" align="center" style="text-align:center">

XII.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 idth="100%" style="text-align: center"> December 1803–1804 January

External links

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