Nicolás Rodríguez Carrasco
Encyclopedia
Nicolás Rodríguez Carrasco (Chihuahua
, 1890 – Ciudad Juárez
, 1940) was a Mexican
general and fascist
.
During the Mexican Revolution
Rodríguez fought alongside Pancho Villa
. He managed to become brigadier general but deserted in 1918. After the revolution he moved to the right and joined several racist
, antisemitic and antisinist
organizations. In 1929 he supported the presidential campaign of José Vasconcelos
. Vasconcelos lost the election, claimed it had been rigged, and had to flee the country but Rodríguez decided to stay and instead befriended Vasconcelos' enemy Plutarco Elías Calles
, former president and at that moment strongman of Mexico.
Under protection of Calles Rodríguez founded the green shirts, though they were disbanded by president Abelardo L. Rodríguez
in 1932. A year later he founded another fascist organization, the Gold shirts
, which would become more successful than his previous one. The gold shirts opposed the new president Lázaro Cárdenas
and his reforms, and demanded the immediate expulsion of all Jews
and Chinese
. After Calles' deportation in 1936 Rodríguez lost his protector and in August of the same year he was arrested and deported. Rodríguez moved to Texas
joined by many of his gold shirts, and sought cooperation with American fascists like the Silver shirts of William Dudley Pelley
.
In 1938 he attempted without success to attack Mexico from the border at Matamoros
. After this failed attempt he was continuously monitored by the Mexican and American secret services, and therefore was not able to organize any new actions. He died in 1940.
Chihuahua, Chihuahua
The city of Chihuahua is the state capital of the Mexican state of Chihuahua. It has a population of about 825,327. The predominant activity is industry, including domestic heavy, light industries, consumer goods production, and to a smaller extent maquiladoras.-History:It has been said that the...
, 1890 – Ciudad Juárez
Ciudad Juárez
Ciudad Juárez , officially known today as Heroica Ciudad Juárez, but abbreviated Juárez and formerly known as El Paso del Norte, is a city and seat of the municipality of Juárez in the Mexican state of Chihuahua. Juárez's estimated population is 1.5 million people. The city lies on the Rio Grande...
, 1940) was a Mexican
Mexico
The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...
general and fascist
Fascism
Fascism is a radical authoritarian nationalist political ideology. Fascists seek to rejuvenate their nation based on commitment to the national community as an organic entity, in which individuals are bound together in national identity by suprapersonal connections of ancestry, culture, and blood...
.
During the Mexican Revolution
Mexican Revolution
The Mexican Revolution was a major armed struggle that started in 1910, with an uprising led by Francisco I. Madero against longtime autocrat Porfirio Díaz. The Revolution was characterized by several socialist, liberal, anarchist, populist, and agrarianist movements. Over time the Revolution...
Rodríguez fought alongside Pancho Villa
Pancho Villa
José Doroteo Arango Arámbula – better known by his pseudonym Francisco Villa or its hypocorism Pancho Villa – was one of the most prominent Mexican Revolutionary generals....
. He managed to become brigadier general but deserted in 1918. After the revolution he moved to the right and joined several racist
Racism
Racism is the belief that inherent different traits in human racial groups justify discrimination. In the modern English language, the term "racism" is used predominantly as a pejorative epithet. It is applied especially to the practice or advocacy of racial discrimination of a pernicious nature...
, antisemitic and antisinist
Sinophobia
Sinophobia or anti-Chinese sentiment is the fear of or dislike of China, its people, overseas Chinese, or Chinese Culture...
organizations. In 1929 he supported the presidential campaign of José Vasconcelos
José Vasconcelos
José Vasconcelos Calderón was a Mexican writer, philosopher and politician. He is one of the most influential and controversial personalities in the development of modern Mexico. His philosophy of "indigenismo" affected all aspects of Mexican sociocultural, political, and economic...
. Vasconcelos lost the election, claimed it had been rigged, and had to flee the country but Rodríguez decided to stay and instead befriended Vasconcelos' enemy Plutarco Elías Calles
Plutarco Elías Calles
Plutarco Elías Calles was a Mexican general and politician. He was president of Mexico from 1924 to 1928, but he continued to be the de facto ruler from 1928–1935, a period known as the maximato...
, former president and at that moment strongman of Mexico.
Under protection of Calles Rodríguez founded the green shirts, though they were disbanded by president Abelardo L. Rodríguez
Abelardo L. Rodríguez
Abelardo Rodríguez Luján, commonly known as Abelardo L. Rodríguez was the interim president of Mexico from 1932–1934, completing the term of Pascual Ortiz after his resignation.-Early life:...
in 1932. A year later he founded another fascist organization, the Gold shirts
Gold shirts
The Revolutionary Mexicanist Action , better known as the Gold shirts , was a Mexican fascist paramilitary organization in the 1930s.The group was founded by general Nicolás Rodríguez Carrasco in 1933 with the official title of Acción Revolucionaria Mexicana...
, which would become more successful than his previous one. The gold shirts opposed the new president Lázaro Cárdenas
Lázaro Cárdenas
Lázaro Cárdenas del Río was President of Mexico from 1934 to 1940.-Early life:Lázaro Cárdenas was born on May 21, 1895 in a lower-middle class family in the village of Jiquilpan, Michoacán. He supported his family from age 16 after the death of his father...
and his reforms, and demanded the immediate expulsion of all Jews
Jews
The Jews , also known as the Jewish people, are a nation and ethnoreligious group originating in the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East. The Jewish ethnicity, nationality, and religion are strongly interrelated, as Judaism is the traditional faith of the Jewish nation...
and Chinese
Overseas Chinese
Overseas Chinese are people of Chinese birth or descent who live outside the Greater China Area . People of partial Chinese ancestry living outside the Greater China Area may also consider themselves Overseas Chinese....
. After Calles' deportation in 1936 Rodríguez lost his protector and in August of the same year he was arrested and deported. Rodríguez moved to Texas
Texas
Texas is the second largest U.S. state by both area and population, and the largest state by area in the contiguous United States.The name, based on the Caddo word "Tejas" meaning "friends" or "allies", was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves and to the region of their settlement in...
joined by many of his gold shirts, and sought cooperation with American fascists like the Silver shirts of William Dudley Pelley
William Dudley Pelley
William Dudley Pelley was an American extremist and spiritualist who founded the Silver Legion in 1933, and ran for President in 1936 for the Christian Party.-Family:...
.
In 1938 he attempted without success to attack Mexico from the border at Matamoros
Matamoros, Tamaulipas
Matamoros, officially known as Heroica Matamoros, is a city in the northeastern part of Tamaulipas, in the country of Mexico. It is located on the southern bank of the Rio Grande, directly across the border from Brownsville, Texas, in the United States. Matamoros is the second largest and second...
. After this failed attempt he was continuously monitored by the Mexican and American secret services, and therefore was not able to organize any new actions. He died in 1940.