Nicolás Espinoza
Encyclopedia
Nicolás Espinoza (November 1795, Tenancingo, Cuscatlán
—March 1845, Nacaome
, Honduras
), general and licenciado, governed the State of El Salvador from April 10, 1835 to November 15, 1835. At the time, El Salvador was a constituent state of the Federal Republic of Central America
.
Espinoza was vice-head of state of El Salvador under Licenciado José María Silva
until Silva was replaced by Joaquín Escolán y Balibrera
on March 2, 1835. Escolán served provisionally, and only briefly, until the elected head of state (Espinoza) took office. This occurred on April 10, 1835.
That April Espinoza reestablished the Intendencia General of the Treasury, granting the office judicial functions. In May he reestablished charity committees throughout the state. He also established the jury system for all criminal trials in the state.
By executive decree, the city of Santa Ana
was named the capital of the Department of Sonsonate
, to which a part of Metapán
was added. On May 22, 1835, with the intention of establishing a federal district, the Legislative Assembly formed the Department of Cuscatlán
from part of the area of the Department of San Salvador
.
By a decree of May 7, 1835, Espinoza restored the separate command of the army by removing political control at the department level. On June 17, 1835, he ordered the sale of uncultivated lands at public auction
. On the same day he restored the tobacco
monopoly
and issued regulations for it.
On November 15, 1835 he was replaced by Colonel Francisco Gómez
, on the instructions of Francisco Morazán
. He died in Honduras in 1845.
Tenancingo, Cuscatlán
Tenancingo is a municipality in the Cuscatlán department of El Salvador.It is located approximately 15 kilometers from the deviation of the Pan-American Highway from which it is accessed via a paved road...
—March 1845, Nacaome
Nacaome
Nacaome is the capital city of the Valle department of Honduras. It is a manufacturing and commercial center located on the Nacaome River.Nacaome is an old city founded when aboriginal Cholulas and Chaparrastiques, tired of fighting each other, thought it best to join together to build new houses...
, Honduras
Honduras
Honduras is a republic in Central America. It was previously known as Spanish Honduras to differentiate it from British Honduras, which became the modern-day state of Belize...
), general and licenciado, governed the State of El Salvador from April 10, 1835 to November 15, 1835. At the time, El Salvador was a constituent state of the Federal Republic of Central America
Federal Republic of Central America
The Federal Republic of Central America, known as the United Provinces of Central America in its first year of creation, was a sovereign state in Central America, which consisted of the territories of the former Captaincy General of Guatemala of New Spain...
.
Espinoza was vice-head of state of El Salvador under Licenciado José María Silva
José María Silva
Licenciado José María Silva was a Liberal Salvadoran politician. He was twice briefly chief of state of the State of El Salvador, within the Federal Republic of Central America .Silva was born into a well-to-do family about 1804. In 1827 he received a doctorate in law...
until Silva was replaced by Joaquín Escolán y Balibrera
Joaquín Escolán y Balibrera
Joaquín Escolán y Balibrera was a nineteenth-century Salvadoran politician. Briefly in 1834 he was chief of state of the State of El Salvador, within the Federal Republic of Central America....
on March 2, 1835. Escolán served provisionally, and only briefly, until the elected head of state (Espinoza) took office. This occurred on April 10, 1835.
That April Espinoza reestablished the Intendencia General of the Treasury, granting the office judicial functions. In May he reestablished charity committees throughout the state. He also established the jury system for all criminal trials in the state.
By executive decree, the city of Santa Ana
Santa Ana, El Salvador
Santa Ana is the second largest city in El Salvador, located 64 kilometers west of San Salvador, the capital city. Santa Ana has approximately 274,830 inhabitants and serves both as the capital of the department of Santa Ana and...
was named the capital of the Department of Sonsonate
Sonsonate Department
Sonsonate is a department of El Salvador in the western part of the country. The capital is Sonsonate.The department has a population of over 500,000 and an area of 1,226 km².Created on June 12, 1824...
, to which a part of Metapán
Metapán
Metapán is a municipality in the Santa Ana department of El Salvador.-Geography:The city of Metapan, next to the San Jose River, at 470 meters of height, is located at 46 kilometers to the north of Santa Ana city, joined together by a paved highway. The municipality extends beyond the city and into...
was added. On May 22, 1835, with the intention of establishing a federal district, the Legislative Assembly formed the Department of Cuscatlán
Cuscatlán Department
Cuscatlán is a department of El Salvador, located in the center of the country. With a surface area of , it is El Salvador's smallest department. It is inhabited by over 200,000 people. Cuscatlán or Cuzcatlán was the name the original inhabitants of the Western part of the country gave to most of...
from part of the area of the Department of San Salvador
San Salvador Department
San Salvador is a department of El Salvador in the west central part of the country. The capital is San Salvador, which is also the national capital. The department has North of the Rio Lempa Valley, the "Valle de las Hamacas" and a section of Lake Ilopango...
.
By a decree of May 7, 1835, Espinoza restored the separate command of the army by removing political control at the department level. On June 17, 1835, he ordered the sale of uncultivated lands at public auction
Public auction
A public auction is an auction held on behalf of a government in which the property to be auctioned is either property owned by the government, or property which is sold under the authority of a court of law or a government agency with similar authority....
. On the same day he restored the tobacco
Tobacco
Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from the leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. It can be consumed, used as a pesticide and, in the form of nicotine tartrate, used in some medicines...
monopoly
Monopoly
A monopoly exists when a specific person or enterprise is the only supplier of a particular commodity...
and issued regulations for it.
On November 15, 1835 he was replaced by Colonel Francisco Gómez
Francisco Gómez
Francisco Gómez de Altamirano y de Elizondo was a Central American licenciado, military officer and Liberal politician...
, on the instructions of Francisco Morazán
Francisco Morazán
General Francisco Morazán was a Honduran general and a politician who ruled several Central American states at different times during the turbulent period from 1827 to 1842. He rose to prominence at the legendary Battle of La Trinidad on November 11, 1827...
. He died in Honduras in 1845.