Ngoenyang
Encyclopedia
The Kingdom of Hiran or of Ngoenyang was an early Tai Yuan kingdom in existence from the 7th through 13th centuries AD and was originally centered on Hiran (formerly Vieng Preuksa ) – near today's Amphoe Mae Sai in Chiangrai – and later on Ngoenyang or Chiang Saen
, in modern-day Thailand
. Ngoenyang was the successor to the Yonok
kingdom and was the predecessor of the Lanna
kingdom as Mangrai, the 17th king of Ngoenyang, went on to found Lanna. In contrast to most contemporary Tai civilizations, Ngoenyang was mentioned in local chronicles which provide some information about its history.
In 545 AD, an earthquake destroyed the city of Naknakorn and thus the Yonok kingdom. The Tai Yuan then gathered together at Vieng Prueksa and an elective monarchy (Prueksa means 'to discuss') was established there. After 93 years of elective monarchy, however, King Kalavarnadit of Lavo forced Vieng Prueksa to accept Lavachakkraj as their king in 638 AD.
Lavachakkaraj was hypothesized to be a tribal chief in the area who gained the support of the Lavo kingdom
. The Lavachakkaraj or Lao dynasty would rule the area for 700 years. Lavachakkaraj renamed Vieng Prueksa as Hiran.
Laokiang, the ninth king of Hiran, founded the city of Ngoenyang (modern Chiang Saen) around 850 AD, moved the capital there, and thus became the first king of Ngoenyang. The territorial claims of the Ngoenyang kingdom extended from Chiang Saen in the west through parts of modern Laos
north of Luang Prabang to Thaeng (modern Dien Bien Phu
in Vietnam
). Ngoenyang fell under the dominion of the Heokam kingdom of the Tai Lue people in the north around 1250 AD, and remained within that orbit until the Mongol invasions again shifted power in the area.
The religion of Ngoenyang kingdom was heavily influenced by the Theravada
Buddhism of the Haripunchai
kingdom to the south. Around 1250, Laomeng the 16th king of Ngoenyang founded Chiangrai and his son, Mangrai, moved the capital to Chiangrai when he was crowned as the king of Ngoenyang in 1262. In 1281, Mangrai invaded Haripunchai and captured the capital (modern Lamphun
).
2. Phraya LaoKhao KaewMahMueng
3. Phraya LaoSao
4. Phraya LaoTang
5. Phraya LaoGhrom
6. Phraya LaoLheaw
7. Phraya LaoGab
8. Phraya LaoKim
2. Phraya LaoKiw
3. Phraya LaoTerng
4. Phraya LaoTueng
5. Phraya LaoKhon
6. Phraya LaoSom
7. Phraya LaoGuak
8. Phraya LaoGiw
9. Phraya LaoJong
10. Phraya JomPha Rueng
11. Phraya LaoJerng
12. Phraya Lao NgernRueng
13. Phraya LaoTsin
14. Phraya LaoMing
15. Phraya LaoMueng
16. Mengrai the Great
Chiang Saen
* Amphoe Chiang Saen, a district in modern Chiang Rai Province* Chiang Saen, a capital in the ancient Lanna kingdom, and the namesake of the modern district...
, in modern-day Thailand
Thailand
Thailand , officially the Kingdom of Thailand , formerly known as Siam , is a country located at the centre of the Indochina peninsula and Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the...
. Ngoenyang was the successor to the Yonok
Yonok
Yonok is a village and tambon of Chiang Saen District, in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. In 2005 it had a total population of 4,777 people. The tambon contains 8 villages....
kingdom and was the predecessor of the Lanna
Lanna
The Kingdom of Lanna was a kingdom centered in present-day northern Thailand from the 13th to 18th centuries. The cultural development of the people of Lanna, the Tai Yuan people, had begun long before as successive Tai Yuan kingdoms preceded Lanna...
kingdom as Mangrai, the 17th king of Ngoenyang, went on to found Lanna. In contrast to most contemporary Tai civilizations, Ngoenyang was mentioned in local chronicles which provide some information about its history.
In 545 AD, an earthquake destroyed the city of Naknakorn and thus the Yonok kingdom. The Tai Yuan then gathered together at Vieng Prueksa and an elective monarchy (Prueksa means 'to discuss') was established there. After 93 years of elective monarchy, however, King Kalavarnadit of Lavo forced Vieng Prueksa to accept Lavachakkraj as their king in 638 AD.
Lavachakkaraj was hypothesized to be a tribal chief in the area who gained the support of the Lavo kingdom
Lavo kingdom
The Kingdom of Lavo was a political entity on the left bank of the Chao Phraya River in the Upper Chao Phraya valley from the end of Dvaravati civilization, around the 7th century, until 1388...
. The Lavachakkaraj or Lao dynasty would rule the area for 700 years. Lavachakkaraj renamed Vieng Prueksa as Hiran.
Laokiang, the ninth king of Hiran, founded the city of Ngoenyang (modern Chiang Saen) around 850 AD, moved the capital there, and thus became the first king of Ngoenyang. The territorial claims of the Ngoenyang kingdom extended from Chiang Saen in the west through parts of modern Laos
Laos
Laos Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south and Thailand to the west...
north of Luang Prabang to Thaeng (modern Dien Bien Phu
Dien Bien Phu
Điện Biên Phủ is a city in northwestern Vietnam. It is the capital of Dien Bien province, and is known for the events there during the First Indochina War, the Battle of Dien Bien Phu, during which the region was a breadbasket for the Việt Minh.-Population:...
in Vietnam
Vietnam
Vietnam – sometimes spelled Viet Nam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam – is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea –...
). Ngoenyang fell under the dominion of the Heokam kingdom of the Tai Lue people in the north around 1250 AD, and remained within that orbit until the Mongol invasions again shifted power in the area.
The religion of Ngoenyang kingdom was heavily influenced by the Theravada
Theravada
Theravada ; literally, "the Teaching of the Elders" or "the Ancient Teaching", is the oldest surviving Buddhist school. It was founded in India...
Buddhism of the Haripunchai
Haripunchai
Hariphunchai was a Mon kingdom in the north of present Thailand in the centuries before the Thais moved into the area. Its capital was at Lamphun, which at the time was also called Hariphunchai...
kingdom to the south. Around 1250, Laomeng the 16th king of Ngoenyang founded Chiangrai and his son, Mangrai, moved the capital to Chiangrai when he was crowned as the king of Ngoenyang in 1262. In 1281, Mangrai invaded Haripunchai and captured the capital (modern Lamphun
Lamphun
Lamphun is a town in northern Thailand, capital of Lamphun Province. It covers the whole tambon Nai Mueang of Mueang Lamphun district...
).
List of Ruler of Hiran Kingdom Age
1. Phraya Lavajakaraj2. Phraya LaoKhao KaewMahMueng
3. Phraya LaoSao
4. Phraya LaoTang
5. Phraya LaoGhrom
6. Phraya LaoLheaw
7. Phraya LaoGab
8. Phraya LaoKim
List of Ruler of NgeonYang Kingdom Age
1. Phraya LaoKiang2. Phraya LaoKiw
3. Phraya LaoTerng
4. Phraya LaoTueng
5. Phraya LaoKhon
6. Phraya LaoSom
7. Phraya LaoGuak
8. Phraya LaoGiw
9. Phraya LaoJong
10. Phraya JomPha Rueng
11. Phraya LaoJerng
12. Phraya Lao NgernRueng
13. Phraya LaoTsin
14. Phraya LaoMing
15. Phraya LaoMueng
16. Mengrai the Great