Nebraska Territorial Legislature
Encyclopedia
The Nebraska Territorial Legislature was held from January 16, 1855 until 1865 in Omaha City
History of Omaha, Nebraska
The history of Omaha, Nebraska began before the settlement of the city, with speculators from neighboring Council Bluffs, Iowa staking land across the Missouri River illegally as early as the 1840s. Before it was legal to claim land in Indian Country, William D. Brown was operating the Lone Tree...

, Nebraska Territory
Nebraska Territory
The Territory of Nebraska was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from May 30, 1854, until March 1, 1867, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Nebraska. The Nebraska Territory was created by the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854...

.

Slavery

In 1854 the Kansas-Nebraska Act
Kansas-Nebraska Act
The Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854 created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, opening new lands for settlement, and had the effect of repealing the Missouri Compromise of 1820 by allowing settlers in those territories to determine through Popular Sovereignty if they would allow slavery within...

 created the Nebraska Territory, overturning the Missouri Compromise
Missouri Compromise
The Missouri Compromise was an agreement passed in 1820 between the pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States Congress, involving primarily the regulation of slavery in the western territories. It prohibited slavery in the former Louisiana Territory north of the parallel 36°30'...

 by allowing legislatures of the Nebraska and Kansas territories to determine whether to permit or abolish slavery. Slavery was a contentious issue for the territorial legislature between the creation of the Territory in 1854 and the outbreak of the American Civil War
American Civil War
The American Civil War was a civil war fought in the United States of America. In response to the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States, 11 southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America ; the other 25...

 in 1861.

State Capitol

After serving as the territorial capital for ten years, Omaha City wanted to be the capital of the new state. In 1854 land speculators formed the Omaha Claim Club
Omaha Claim Club
The Omaha Claim Club, also called the Omaha Township Claim Association and the Omaha Land Company, was organized in 1854 for the purpose of "encouraging the building of a city" and protecting members' claims in the area platted for Omaha City in the Nebraska Territory. At its peak the club included...

 as part of a scheme to persuade territory legislators to keep the capital in Omaha. Their aggressive efforts to secure land to give away to legislators led to the platting of Scriptown
Scriptown
Scriptown was the name of the first subdivision in the history of Omaha, which at the time was located in Nebraska Territory. It was called "Scriptown" because scrip was used as payment, similar to how a company would pay employees when regular money was unavailable...

. However, their bid failed, and in 1865 the state capitol moved to Lincoln
Lincoln, Nebraska
The City of Lincoln is the capital and the second-most populous city of the US state of Nebraska. Lincoln is also the county seat of Lancaster County and the home of the University of Nebraska. Lincoln's 2010 Census population was 258,379....

.

1855

The new legislature immediately passed the Free Public School Act of 1855, which created free public schools for children across the territory. Positions for a territorial superintendent and county school superintendents to be elected by popular vote were also created. County superintendents were supposed to organize school districts and levy
Levy
Levy, Lévy or Levies may refer to:* Levy * Levy's , Arizona chain* Levy County, Florida- Military organizations :* Aden Protectorate Levies* Iraq Levies* Kachin Levies* Malakand Levies* Swat Levies...

 property tax
Property tax
A property tax is an ad valorem levy on the value of property that the owner is required to pay. The tax is levied by the governing authority of the jurisdiction in which the property is located; it may be paid to a national government, a federated state or a municipality...

es to support schools; however, not every locale levied the taxes or built schools.

The first incorporated city in Nebraska, Nebraska City, was granted its charter by a special act in 1855. In 1855, the Omaha Claim Club
Omaha Claim Club
The Omaha Claim Club, also called the Omaha Township Claim Association and the Omaha Land Company, was organized in 1854 for the purpose of "encouraging the building of a city" and protecting members' claims in the area platted for Omaha City in the Nebraska Territory. At its peak the club included...

 imposed their will on the territorial legislature, forcing the passage of a territorial law granting 320 acres (1.3 km²) per settler, they doubled the federally-imposed limit of 160 acre (0.6474976 km²).

1856

In January 1856, the territorial legislature chartered the Bank of Florence
Bank of Florence
The Bank of Florence was an early wildcat bank located at 8502 North 30th Street in Florence, Nebraska Territory. After originally opening in the 1850s, it closed and reopened in 1904. Today the building that housed the bank is the Bank of Florence Museum...

, which failed three years later.

1857

On February 11 the territorial legislature gave permission to a group of citizens to found the University of Nebraska at Saratoga, Nebraska. However, when they did not complete the task of meeting in Saratoga and establishing a campus within one year they lost their permission to charter.

1858

In January, 1858 a group of representatives illegally moved the territorial legislature to Florence
Florence, Nebraska
Florence is a neighborhood in Omaha, Nebraska on the city's north end and originally one of the oldest cities in Nebraska. It was incorporated by the Nebraska Territorial Legislature on March 10, 1857. The site of Winter Quarters for Mormon migrants traveling west, it has the oldest cemetery for...

 following a violent outburst at the capitol building. After repeatedly being dogged out of voting on the removal of the capital from Omaha, a skirmish pitted representatives from Nebraska City
Nebraska City, Nebraska
Nebraska City is a city in Otoe County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 7,228 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Otoe County...

, Florence, and other communities to convene outside of Omaha. Despite having a majority of members present for the vote to remove the capital and all agreeing, the "Florence Legislature" did not succeed in swaying the Nebraska Territory governor. The capital remained at Omaha until 1867 when Nebraska gained statehood
U.S. state
A U.S. state is any one of the 50 federated states of the United States of America that share sovereignty with the federal government. Because of this shared sovereignty, an American is a citizen both of the federal entity and of his or her state of domicile. Four states use the official title of...

.

1860

In early 1860 the territorial legislature authorized a special election to consider forming a state constitution, which did not pass.

1864

The territorial legislature had a variety of powers, including granting every incorporated town or city its charter, which lasted through the 1864 session, when the first general incorporation act was passed and signed by the governor.

1866

Six years later, on January 9, 1866 the territorial Governor Alvin Saunders
Alvin Saunders
Alvin Saunders was a U.S. Senator from Nebraska, in the United States, as well as the governor of the Nebraska Territory for most of the American Civil War.-Education:Saunders was born in Fleming County, Kentucky...

 urged the Legislature to consider statehood.

Municipal incorporations

The territorial legislature had the sole power of incorporating every municipality throughout the territory until 1864. A number of incorporations existed only on paper and were never actually settled. In 1864, the first general incorporation act was passed by the legislature and signed by the governor which allowed county commissioners to incorporate towns.
Date of charter Name County Notes
March 2, 1857 Nebraska City
Nebraska City, Nebraska
Nebraska City is a city in Otoe County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 7,228 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Otoe County...

Otoe
Otoe County, Nebraska
-History:Otoe County was formed in 1854. It was named after the Otoe Indian tribe.-Demographics:As of the census of 2000, there were 15,396 people, 6,060 households, and 4,229 families residing in the county. The population density was 25 people per square mile . There were 6,567 housing units...

March 5, 1857 Bellevue
Bellevue, Nebraska
Bellevue is a city in Sarpy County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 50,137 at the 2010 census. Eight miles south of Omaha, Bellevue is part of the Omaha-Council Bluffs metropolitan area. Originally settled in the 1830s, It was the first state capitol. Bellevue was incorporated in...

Sarpy
Sarpy County, Nebraska
-Demographics:As of the census of 2000, there were 122,595 people, 43,426 households, and 33,220 families residing in the county. The population density was 510 people per square mile . There were 44,981 housing units at an average density of 187 per square mile...

Then part of Douglas
Douglas County, Nebraska
-Demographics:As of the census of 2000, there were 463,585 people, 182,194 households, and 115,146 families residing in the county. The population density was 1,401 people per square mile . There were 192,672 housing units at an average density of 582 per square mile...

March 7, 1857 De Soto
De Soto, Nebraska
De Soto is a former community in Washington County, Nebraska, United States. It was named in honor of the sixteenth century Spanish explorer, Hernando De Soto1. De Soto was founded in 1855 and served as the county seat from 1858-1866. During its heyday, the town hosted many flourishing new...

Washington
Washington County, Nebraska
-National protected areas:*Boyer Chute National Wildlife Refuge*DeSoto National Wildlife Refuge -Demographics:As of the census of 2000, there were 18,780 people, 6,940 households, and 5,149 families residing in the county. The population density was 48 people per square mile . There were 7,408...

March 10, 1857 Florence
Florence, Nebraska
Florence is a neighborhood in Omaha, Nebraska on the city's north end and originally one of the oldest cities in Nebraska. It was incorporated by the Nebraska Territorial Legislature on March 10, 1857. The site of Winter Quarters for Mormon migrants traveling west, it has the oldest cemetery for...

Douglas
March 14, 1857 Blackbird City Burt
Burt County, Nebraska
-History:Burt County was formed in 1854. It was named after Francis Burt, the first governor of Nebraska Territory.-Demographics:As of the census of 2000, there were 7,791 people, 3,155 households, and 2,240 families residing in the county. The population density was 16 people per square mile . ...

March 14, 1857 Brownville
Brownville, Nebraska
Brownville is a village in Nemaha County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 146 at the 2000 census.- History :Established in 1854 and incorporated in 1856, Brownville was the largest town in the Nebraska Territory, with a population of 1,309 by 1880. Bordering slave-holding Missouri, the...

Nemaha
Nemaha County, Nebraska
-Demographics:As of the census of 2000, there were 7,576 people, 3,047 households, and 1,980 families residing in the county. The population density was 18 people per square mile . There were 3,439 housing units at an average density of 8 per square mile...

March 14, 1857 Chester
Chester, Nebraska
Chester is a village in Thayer County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 294 at the 2000 census.Chester is notable as being the birthplace of six-man football.-Geography:Chester is located at ....

Lancaster
Lancaster County, Nebraska
-Demographics:As of the census of 2000, there were 250,291 people, 99,187 households, and 60,702 families residing in the county. The population density was 298 people per square mile . There were 104,217 housing units at an average density of 124 per square mile...

March 14, 1857 Elizabeth Dodge
Dodge County, Nebraska
- History :Dodge County was formed in 1855. It was named after the US Senator Augustus Caesar Dodge.- Demographics :As of the census of 2000, there were 36,160 people, 14,433 households, and 9,756 families residing in the county. The population density was 68 people per square mile . There were...

 and Loup
Loup County, Nebraska
-Demographics:As of the census of 2010, there were 632 people, 289 households, and 206 families residing in the county. The population density was 1 people per square mile . There were 377 housing units at an average density of 1 per square mile...

March 14, 1857 Fontenelle Washington
March 14, 1857 Plattsmouth
Plattsmouth, Nebraska
Plattsmouth is a city in and the county seat of Cass County, Nebraska, United States, which was founded in 1855. The population was 6,887 at the 2000 census.-History:...

Cass
Cass County, Nebraska
-Other Geographical notes:Due to its proximity to Cass County, Iowa, and because both of those counties receive most of their broadcasts from Omaha, Nebraska, references to 'Cass County' must be frequently disambiguated, or result in confusion.-Demographics:...

March 14, 1857 Tekemah
Tekamah, Nebraska
Tekamah is a city in Burt County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 1,736 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Burt County.-History:...

Burt
March 15, 1855 Carlisle Greene Greene County became Seward
Seward County, Nebraska
-Demographics:As of the census of 2000, there were 16,496 people, 6,013 households, and 4,215 families residing in the county. The population density was 29 people per square mile . There were 6,428 housing units at an average density of 11 per square mile...

March 15, 1855 Wyoming City Otoe
Otoe County, Nebraska
-History:Otoe County was formed in 1854. It was named after the Otoe Indian tribe.-Demographics:As of the census of 2000, there were 15,396 people, 6,060 households, and 4,229 families residing in the county. The population density was 25 people per square mile . There were 6,567 housing units...

March 15, 1855 Lawrence
Lawrence, Nebraska
Lawrence is a village in Nuckolls County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 312 at the 2000 census.-Geography:Lawrence is located at ....

York
York County, Nebraska
-History:York County was formed in 1855. It was either named after the city York in England or for York County in Pennsylvania.-Demographics:As of the census of 2000, there were 14,598 people, 5,722 households, and 3,931 families residing in the county. The population density was 25 people per...

March 16, 1855 Jalape Dodge
Dodge County, Nebraska
- History :Dodge County was formed in 1855. It was named after the US Senator Augustus Caesar Dodge.- Demographics :As of the census of 2000, there were 36,160 people, 14,433 households, and 9,756 families residing in the county. The population density was 68 people per square mile . There were...

March 16, 1855 Kearney City Otoe Merged with Nebraska City
March 16, 1855 Margaritta sic
Sic
Sic—generally inside square brackets, [sic], and occasionally parentheses, —when added just after a quote or reprinted text, indicates the passage appears exactly as in the original source...

Lancaster
Lancaster County, Nebraska
-Demographics:As of the census of 2000, there were 250,291 people, 99,187 households, and 60,702 families residing in the county. The population density was 298 people per square mile . There were 104,217 housing units at an average density of 124 per square mile...

January 22, 1856 Elkhorn City Douglas
January 22, 1856 Kenosha Cass
January 22, 1856 Nemaha City Nemaha
January 25, 1856 Archer
Archer, Nebraska
Archer is an unincorporated community in northwestern Merrick County, Nebraska, United States. It lies along local roads south of Nebraska Highway 92, northwest of the city of Central City, the county seat of Merrick County. Its elevation is 1,742 feet , and it is located at . The...

Richardson
Richardson County, Nebraska
-Demographics:As of the census of 2000, there were 9,531 people, 3,993 households, and 2,567 families residing in the county. The population density was 17 people per square mile . There were 4,560 housing units at an average density of 8 per square mile...

January 25, 1856 Askatope Otoe
January 25, 1856 La Platte, Nebraska Sarpy Then in Douglas County
January 25, 1856 Wyoming Otoe
January 26, 1856 Decatur
Decatur, Nebraska
Decatur is a village in Burt County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 618 at the 2000 census. This town is named after one of its incorporators, Stephen Decatur, who claimed to be the nephew of war hero Stephen Decatur, Jr....

Burt
January 26, 1856 Rock Bluffs Cass
January 26, 1856 South Nebraska City Otoe
February 2, 1857 Omaha City
Omaha, Nebraska
Omaha is the largest city in the state of Nebraska, United States, and is the county seat of Douglas County. It is located in the Midwestern United States on the Missouri River, about 20 miles north of the mouth of the Platte River...

Dodge
February 10, 1857 Cuming City Washington
Washington County, Nebraska
-National protected areas:*Boyer Chute National Wildlife Refuge*DeSoto National Wildlife Refuge -Demographics:As of the census of 2000, there were 18,780 people, 6,940 households, and 5,149 families residing in the county. The population density was 48 people per square mile . There were 7,408...

February 10, 1857 Salem
Salem, Nebraska
Salem is a village in Richardson County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 138 at the 2000 census.-Geography:Salem is located at ....

Richardson
February 10, 1857 Waterville Cass
February 10, 1857 Woodsville City Cass
February 11, 1857 Cassville Dakota
Dakota County, Nebraska
-Demographics:As of the census of 2000, there were 20,253 people, 7,095 households, and 5,087 families residing in the county. The population density was 77 people per square mile . There were 7,528 housing units at an average density of 28 per square mile...

February 11, 1857 Leman Gage
Gage County, Nebraska
-History:Gage County was formed with land taken from the Oto in an 1854 treaty. It was named after the minister William D. Gage.-Demographics:As of the census of 2000, there were 22,993 people, 9,316 households, and 6,204 families residing in the county. The population density was 27 people per...

February 13, 1857 Addison Knox
Knox County, Nebraska
-History:The Lewis and Clark Expedition passed through the area on 4 September 1804.The US Treaty with the Ponca tribe was signed at White Paint Creek on 9 June 1825.Knox County was formed in 1854. It was named after Major General Henry Knox.-Demographics:...

February 13, 1857 Bleyburg Dakota
February 13, 1857 Bradford Cass
February 13, 1857 Bow City Dixon
Dixon County, Nebraska
-Demographics:As of the census of 2000, there were 6,339 people, 2,413 households, and 1,705 families residing in the county. The population density was 13 people per square mile . There were 2,673 housing units at an average density of 6 per square mile...

February 13, 1857 California City Otoe
February 13, 1857 Dayton Clay
February 13, 1857 Dewit
De Witt, Nebraska
De Witt is a village in Saline County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 513 at the 2010 census. The town was incorporated by the Nebraska Territorial Legislature in February 1857.-Geography:De Witt is located at ....

 sic
Cuming
February 13, 1857 Deleware City Otoe
February 13, 1857 Iron Bluffs Sarpy Originally located in Douglas
February 13, 1857 Jacksonville Pawnee
Pawnee County, Nebraska
-Demographics:As of the census of 2000, there were 3,087 people, 1,339 households, and 850 families residing in the county. The population density was 7 people per square mile . There were 1,587 housing units at an average density of 4 per square mile...

February 13, 1857 La Loup Loup
Loup County, Nebraska
-Demographics:As of the census of 2010, there were 632 people, 289 households, and 206 families residing in the county. The population density was 1 people per square mile . There were 377 housing units at an average density of 1 per square mile...

February 13, 1857 Logan Washington
February 13, 1857 Louisville
Louisville, Nebraska
Louisville is a city in Cass County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 1,046 at the 2000 census.-Geography:Louisville is located at ....

Cass
February 13, 1857 Marietta Otoe
February 13, 1857 Papillion City, Nebraska Sarpy Originally in Douglas
February 13, 1857 St. John Dakota
February 13, 1857 Spring Grove City Otoe
December 31, 1857 Nebraska City Otoe Consolidated Nebraska City, South Nebraska City, and Kearney City
December 31, 1857 Omadi Dakota
December 31, 1857 Greggsport Otoe
January 5, 1858 North Rock Bluffs
Rock Bluff, Nebraska
Rock Bluff is a ghost town in Cass County located approximately three miles east of Murray in the U.S. state of Nebraska. Once the home of an influential college called the Naomi Institute, Rock Bluff was instrumental in the 1866 vote that gave Nebraska statehood.-About:Rock Bluff was a pioneer...

Cass
January 6, 1858 Monroe
Monroe, Nebraska
Monroe is a village in Platte County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 307 at the 2000 census.-Geography:Monroe is located at ....

Monroe Monroe County was merged with Platte County
Platte County, Nebraska
-Demographics:As of the census of 2000, there were 31,662 people, 12,076 households, and 8,465 families residing in the county. The population density was 47 people per square mile . There were 12,916 housing units at an average density of 19 per square mile...

October 2, 1858 Columbus
Columbus, Nebraska
Columbus is a city in east central Nebraska, United States. Its population was 22,111 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Platte County.-Pre-settlement history:...

Platte
Platte County, Nebraska
-Demographics:As of the census of 2000, there were 31,662 people, 12,076 households, and 8,465 families residing in the county. The population density was 47 people per square mile . There were 12,916 housing units at an average density of 19 per square mile...

October 19, 1858 North Bend Dixon
October 19, 1858 Wacapana Cedar
Cedar County, Nebraska
-History:Cedar County was formed in 1855. It was named for the great number of cedars that grow there.-Demographics:As of the census of 2000, there were 9,615 people, 3,623 households, and 2,565 families residing in the county. The population density was 13 people per square mile . There were...

October 20, 1858 St. Helena
St. Helena, Nebraska
St. Helena is a village in Cedar County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 96 at the 2010 census.-Geography:St. Helena is located at ....

Cedar
October 21, 1858 Dakota Dakota
October 28, 1858 Beatrice
Beatrice, Nebraska
Beatrice is a city in and the county seat of Gage County, Nebraska.Beatrice is located south of Lincoln on the Big Blue River. It is surrounded by agricultural country. The population was 12,459 at the 2010 census.-History:...

Gage
October 28, 1858 West Point
West Point, Nebraska
West Point is a city in and the county seat of Cuming County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 3,660 at the 2000 census.-History:West Point was first founded in the spring of 1857, when Omaha businessmen formed the Nebraska Settlement Association in order to find suitable townsites in...

Cuming
November 1, 1858 Rulo
Rulo, Nebraska
-History:The 'Leary' excavation is the main 'Oneota'- reference to the Missouri River. The Oneota were a 'Mississippi' equal culture that flourished from 1000 to 1650 AD. Oneota are the ancestors of Siouane-speaking tribes. The site is located near present Rulo. Around 1640, the area around the...

Richardson
November 2, 1858 Fremont
Fremont, Nebraska
Fremont is a city in and the county seat of Dodge County, Nebraska, United States, near Omaha in the eastern part of the state. The population was 26,397 at the 2010 census....

November 3, 1858 Rock Bluffs City
Rock Bluff, Nebraska
Rock Bluff is a ghost town in Cass County located approximately three miles east of Murray in the U.S. state of Nebraska. Once the home of an influential college called the Naomi Institute, Rock Bluff was instrumental in the 1866 vote that gave Nebraska statehood.-About:Rock Bluff was a pioneer...

Cass
November 3, 1858 St. Stephen Richardson
November 4, 1858 Bon Homme City Knox
November 4, 1858 Fort Calhoun
Fort Calhoun, Nebraska
Fort Calhoun is a city in Washington County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 856 at the 2000 census.Fort Calhoun Nuclear Generating Station is built on...

Washington
November 4, 1858 Mahala City Butler
Butler County, Nebraska
-Demographics:As of the census of 2000, there were 8,767 people, 3,426 households, and 2,350 families residing in the county. The population density was 15 people per square mile . There were 3,901 housing units at an average density of 7 per square mile...

November 4, 1858 Parkersburg Monroe Monroe was merged with Platte
November 4, 1858 Pawnee City
Pawnee City, Nebraska
Pawnee City is a city in Pawnee County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 1,033 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Pawnee County.-Geography:Pawnee City is located at...

Pawnee
January 4, 1860 Kearney City Kearney
January 4, 1860 Table Rock
Table Rock, Nebraska
Table Rock is a village in Pawnee County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 264 at the 2000 census.-Geography:Table Rock is located at ....

Pawnee
January 10, 1860 Arago Richardson
January 13, 1860 Dixon
Dixon, Nebraska
Dixon is a village in Dixon County, Nebraska, United States. It is part of the Sioux City, IA–NE–SD Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 108 at the 2000 census.-Geography:Dixon is located at ....

Dixon
January 13, 1860 Falls City
Falls City, Nebraska
Falls City is a city in Richardson County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 4,671 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Richardson County.-Geography:Falls City is located at ....

Richardson
January 13, 1860 Peru
Peru, Nebraska
Peru is a city in Nemaha County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 569 at the 2000 census.-Geography:Peru is located at .According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land....

Nemaha

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