Mung bean yellow mosaic virus
Encyclopedia
Mung bean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Geminiviridae
.
Of the various viral diseases inflicting legume crops, Mungbean Yellow Mosaic disease is one of the most destructive and widely distributed. The disease has been reported from various countries. Yellow mosaic disease of many legumes in India and other South Asian countries is caused by whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn.) transmitted by geminiviruses belonging to the family Geminiviridae and genus Begomovirus. Four species viz., Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV), Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV), Dolichos yellow mosaic virus (DYMV) and Horsegram yellow mosaic virus (HYMV), are known to cause yellow mosaic disease in different leguminous species. Mungbean yellow mosaic disease is characterised by a bright yellow mosaic on the leaves of infected plants and causes significant losses to mungbean (Vigna radiata L) crops in India. Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV), a bipartite begomovirus from the family geminiviridae, is reported to be the causative agent of the disease in India.
Geminiviruses infect a wide variety of crop plants, devastating some of the economically important plants ranging from dicots to monocots. These leads to huge agro-economical losses worldwide, and are subjects of immense concern.
Geminiviruses constitute a large family of phytopathogens (Geminiviridae). The family geminiviridae have been classified into four genera, namely Begomovirus, Curtovirus, Topocuvirus and Mastrevirus, depending on their genomes, mode of transmission and host range. Geminiviridae are transmitted by white flies, scientifically known as Bamesia tabacci. The genus begomoviridae generally comprises bipartite (two components, namely DNA- ‘A’ and ‘B’) genome, which replicates via rolling circle (RCR) model with the help of few viral and several host factors. Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) is a representative of the genus begomovirus / Begomoviridae, which is prevalent in northern part of Indian subcontinent causing yellow mosaic disease (YMD). The most affected leguminous crops by MYMIV are Cajanus cajan, Glycine max, Phaseolus aconitifolius, P. aureus, P. vulgaris ‘French bean’, Vigna mungo. MYMIV possesses bipartite ssDNA genomes named as DNA-A and DNA-B, both being ~2.7 kb in size. Both components share a common region (CR) of about 200 bp containing the important cis-elements for viral DNA transcription and rolling circle replication (RCR).
Geminiviridae
Geminiviruses are plant viruses which have single-stranded circular DNA genomes encoding genes that diverge in both directions from a virion strand origin of replication . According to the Baltimore classification they are considered class II viruses...
.
Of the various viral diseases inflicting legume crops, Mungbean Yellow Mosaic disease is one of the most destructive and widely distributed. The disease has been reported from various countries. Yellow mosaic disease of many legumes in India and other South Asian countries is caused by whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn.) transmitted by geminiviruses belonging to the family Geminiviridae and genus Begomovirus. Four species viz., Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV), Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV), Dolichos yellow mosaic virus (DYMV) and Horsegram yellow mosaic virus (HYMV), are known to cause yellow mosaic disease in different leguminous species. Mungbean yellow mosaic disease is characterised by a bright yellow mosaic on the leaves of infected plants and causes significant losses to mungbean (Vigna radiata L) crops in India. Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV), a bipartite begomovirus from the family geminiviridae, is reported to be the causative agent of the disease in India.
Geminiviruses infect a wide variety of crop plants, devastating some of the economically important plants ranging from dicots to monocots. These leads to huge agro-economical losses worldwide, and are subjects of immense concern.
Structure
These are plant viruses which have single-stranded circular DNA genomes encoding genes that diverge in both directions from a virion strand origin of replication (i.e. geminivirus genomes are ambisense). According to the Baltimore classification, they are considered to be class II viruses. The genome can either be a single component between 2500 and 3100 nucleotides, or, in the case of some begomoviruses, two similar-sized components each between 2600 and 2800 nucleotides. They have elongated, geminate capsids with two incomplete T=1 icosahedra joined at the missing vertex. The capsids range in size from 18–20 nm in diameter with a length of about 30 nm.Geminiviruses constitute a large family of phytopathogens (Geminiviridae). The family geminiviridae have been classified into four genera, namely Begomovirus, Curtovirus, Topocuvirus and Mastrevirus, depending on their genomes, mode of transmission and host range. Geminiviridae are transmitted by white flies, scientifically known as Bamesia tabacci. The genus begomoviridae generally comprises bipartite (two components, namely DNA- ‘A’ and ‘B’) genome, which replicates via rolling circle (RCR) model with the help of few viral and several host factors. Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) is a representative of the genus begomovirus / Begomoviridae, which is prevalent in northern part of Indian subcontinent causing yellow mosaic disease (YMD). The most affected leguminous crops by MYMIV are Cajanus cajan, Glycine max, Phaseolus aconitifolius, P. aureus, P. vulgaris ‘French bean’, Vigna mungo. MYMIV possesses bipartite ssDNA genomes named as DNA-A and DNA-B, both being ~2.7 kb in size. Both components share a common region (CR) of about 200 bp containing the important cis-elements for viral DNA transcription and rolling circle replication (RCR).