Duplicate publication, multiple publication, or redundant publication refers to publishing the same intellectual material more than once, by the author

Author

An author is broadly defined as "the person who originates or gives existence to anything" and that authorship determines responsibility for what is created. Narrowly defined, an author is the originator of any written work.-Legal significance:...

 or publisher. It does not refer to the unauthorized republication by someone else, which constitutes plagiarism

Plagiarism

Plagiarism is defined in dictionaries as the "wrongful appropriation," "close imitation," or "purloining and publication" of another author's "language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions," and the representation of them as one's own original work, but the notion remains problematic with nebulous...

, copyright violation, or both.

There are several forms of duplicate publication:

Legitimate derivatives

This is deliberate republication in another format, such as the simultaneous publication of a motion picture and a tie-in book. In doing this, it is necessary to respect copyright, for the rights to a derivative of the original work remains with the author of the work, or the publisher or other party to whom the author has assigned the copyright.

Self-plagiarism

There are two basic kinds of self-plagiarism, when the similar (or identical) articles appear one by one (republishing) and simultaneously (multiple submission).

Republishing of very similar works

As a research-paper is an implicit claim of furthering knowledge, the researcher must state what exactly is the claim of novelty. This would let the editor rate the article in view of their policy. For example, all/most would reject a paper if already published in another journal, although may tolerate (as IEEE does) a re-edited [and expanded] conference paper.

However, the line is blurred when safety

Safety

Safety is the state of being "safe" , the condition of being protected against physical, social, spiritual, financial, political, emotional, occupational, psychological, educational or other types or consequences of failure, damage, error, accidents, harm or any other event which could be...

 issues are involved. For example, if an author publishes a study which shows that a particular product or design is faulty, then it is important that the information is spread as widely as possible. Such re-publication is justified in the public interest

Public interest

The public interest refers to the "common well-being" or "general welfare." The public interest is central to policy debates, politics, democracy and the nature of government itself...

.

Multiple submission to journals

Multiple submission is not plagiarism, but it is considered as serious academic misbehavior. Even when a publication fee is paid, it nonetheless wastes the most important resource in academic publishing: the time and work of the referees and the editors, and contributes to the problem it is intended to solve, the slow speed of editorial review. And there is the unfortunate possibility that more than one journal will accept it. As there is no time for feedback from readers, the same errors appear
in various journals.

Defense of multiple submission

Duplicate submission can be defended. The slowness of academic editing is so great that if an author waits until the decision of the first publisher is known, the submission to the second journal may take place a whole year later. (Some Scientific journals, for example, JOSAB, may keep a paper during more than one month to analyzing possible candidates for the reviewing). Yet that is a waste of resource, in the case of those journals which do not get the paper to publish.

A researcher, after obtaining and verifying his extraordinary result, wants to publish it in Physical Review Letters

Physical Review Letters

Physical Review Letters , established in 1958, is a peer reviewed, scientific journal that is published 52 times per year by the American Physical Society...

 but is afraid that the paper will be rejected, and
his competitors will obtain and publish the result earlier. So, the researcher submits the same result to several national scientific journal

Scientific journal

In academic publishing, a scientific journal is a periodical publication intended to further the progress of science, usually by reporting new research. There are thousands of scientific journals in publication, and many more have been published at various points in the past...

(s) of low impact factor

Impact factor

The impact factor, often abbreviated IF, is a measure reflecting the average number of citations to articles published in science and social science journals. It is frequently used as a proxy for the relative importance of a journal within its field, with journals with higher impact factors deemed...

over the world:
'Proceedings of Springfield University',
' Revista Científica de Guacatelamala', 'Le Courier Scientific de la Republic Democratic Cannibas', 'Научный Бюллетень Myxосранского Технологического Института', 'Journal der Angewandten Chemieinstituts von Kuyzad', 保險海套大学の仕訳 (6 examples of low-impact factor journals, which actually do not exist), and so on.

That is, if 15 journals nod that paper, while only one of them may publish, that is a waste—for 14 of them. Most (all?) journals and popular magazines already tell the potential author not to do that. Alternatively, for an application to the graduate school, the university does not ban that. If that model (request a fee) is/were popular also in the publication field, the "waste of resource" would relate to only the money from out of the pocket of the applicant.

Journal republishing

It occasionally happens that author(s) publishes the same article twice, whether in the same or different journals.
Duplicate publication, multiple publication, or redundant publication refers to publishing the same intellectual material more than once, by the author

Author

An author is broadly defined as "the person who originates or gives existence to anything" and that authorship determines responsibility for what is created. Narrowly defined, an author is the originator of any written work.-Legal significance:...

 or publisher. It does not refer to the unauthorized republication by someone else, which constitutes plagiarism

Plagiarism

Plagiarism is defined in dictionaries as the "wrongful appropriation," "close imitation," or "purloining and publication" of another author's "language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions," and the representation of them as one's own original work, but the notion remains problematic with nebulous...

, copyright violation, or both.

There are several forms of duplicate publication:

Legitimate derivatives

This is deliberate republication in another format, such as the simultaneous publication of a motion picture and a tie-in book. In doing this, it is necessary to respect copyright, for the rights to a derivative of the original work remains with the author of the work, or the publisher or other party to whom the author has assigned the copyright.

Self-plagiarism

There are two basic kinds of self-plagiarism, when the similar (or identical) articles appear one by one (republishing) and simultaneously (multiple submission).

Republishing of very similar works

As a research-paper is an implicit claim of furthering knowledge, the researcher must state what exactly is the claim of novelty. This would let the editor rate the article in view of their policy. For example, all/most would reject a paper if already published in another journal, although may tolerate (as IEEE does) a re-edited [and expanded] conference paper.

However, the line is blurred when safety

Safety

Safety is the state of being "safe" , the condition of being protected against physical, social, spiritual, financial, political, emotional, occupational, psychological, educational or other types or consequences of failure, damage, error, accidents, harm or any other event which could be...

 issues are involved. For example, if an author publishes a study which shows that a particular product or design is faulty, then it is important that the information is spread as widely as possible. Such re-publication is justified in the public interest

Public interest

The public interest refers to the "common well-being" or "general welfare." The public interest is central to policy debates, politics, democracy and the nature of government itself...

.

Multiple submission to journals

Multiple submission is not plagiarism, but it is considered as serious academic misbehavior. Even when a publication fee is paid, it nonetheless wastes the most important resource in academic publishing: the time and work of the referees and the editors, and contributes to the problem it is intended to solve, the slow speed of editorial review. And there is the unfortunate possibility that more than one journal will accept it. As there is no time for feedback from readers, the same errors appear
in various journals.

Defense of multiple submission

Duplicate submission can be defended. The slowness of academic editing is so great that if an author waits until the decision of the first publisher is known, the submission to the second journal may take place a whole year later. (Some Scientific journals, for example, JOSAB, may keep a paper during more than one month to analyzing possible candidates for the reviewing). Yet that is a waste of resource, in the case of those journals which do not get the paper to publish.

A researcher, after obtaining and verifying his extraordinary result, wants to publish it in Physical Review Letters

Physical Review Letters

Physical Review Letters , established in 1958, is a peer reviewed, scientific journal that is published 52 times per year by the American Physical Society...

 but is afraid that the paper will be rejected, and
his competitors will obtain and publish the result earlier. So, the researcher submits the same result to several national scientific journal

Scientific journal

In academic publishing, a scientific journal is a periodical publication intended to further the progress of science, usually by reporting new research. There are thousands of scientific journals in publication, and many more have been published at various points in the past...

(s) of low impact factor

Impact factor

The impact factor, often abbreviated IF, is a measure reflecting the average number of citations to articles published in science and social science journals. It is frequently used as a proxy for the relative importance of a journal within its field, with journals with higher impact factors deemed...

over the world:
'Proceedings of Springfield University',
' Revista Científica de Guacatelamala', 'Le Courier Scientific de la Republic Democratic Cannibas', 'Научный Бюллетень Myxосранского Технологического Института', 'Journal der Angewandten Chemieinstituts von Kuyzad', 保險海套大学の仕訳 (6 examples of low-impact factor journals, which actually do not exist), and so on.

That is, if 15 journals nod that paper, while only one of them may publish, that is a waste—for 14 of them. Most (all?) journals and popular magazines already tell the potential author not to do that. Alternatively, for an application to the graduate school, the university does not ban that. If that model (request a fee) is/were popular also in the publication field, the "waste of resource" would relate to only the money from out of the pocket of the applicant.

Journal republishing

It occasionally happens that author(s) publishes the same article twice, whether in the same or different journals.
Duplicate publication, multiple publication, or redundant publication refers to publishing the same intellectual material more than once, by the author

Author

An author is broadly defined as "the person who originates or gives existence to anything" and that authorship determines responsibility for what is created. Narrowly defined, an author is the originator of any written work.-Legal significance:...

 or publisher. It does not refer to the unauthorized republication by someone else, which constitutes plagiarism

Plagiarism

Plagiarism is defined in dictionaries as the "wrongful appropriation," "close imitation," or "purloining and publication" of another author's "language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions," and the representation of them as one's own original work, but the notion remains problematic with nebulous...

, copyright violation, or both.

There are several forms of duplicate publication:

Legitimate derivatives

This is deliberate republication in another format, such as the simultaneous publication of a motion picture and a tie-in book. In doing this, it is necessary to respect copyright, for the rights to a derivative of the original work remains with the author of the work, or the publisher or other party to whom the author has assigned the copyright.

Self-plagiarism

There are two basic kinds of self-plagiarism, when the similar (or identical) articles appear one by one (republishing) and simultaneously (multiple submission).

Republishing of very similar works

As a research-paper is an implicit claim of furthering knowledge, the researcher must state what exactly is the claim of novelty. This would let the editor rate the article in view of their policy. For example, all/most would reject a paper if already published in another journal, although may tolerate (as IEEE does) a re-edited [and expanded] conference paper.

However, the line is blurred when safety

Safety

Safety is the state of being "safe" , the condition of being protected against physical, social, spiritual, financial, political, emotional, occupational, psychological, educational or other types or consequences of failure, damage, error, accidents, harm or any other event which could be...

 issues are involved. For example, if an author publishes a study which shows that a particular product or design is faulty, then it is important that the information is spread as widely as possible. Such re-publication is justified in the public interest

Public interest

The public interest refers to the "common well-being" or "general welfare." The public interest is central to policy debates, politics, democracy and the nature of government itself...

.

Multiple submission to journals

Multiple submission is not plagiarism, but it is considered as serious academic misbehavior. Even when a publication fee is paid, it nonetheless wastes the most important resource in academic publishing: the time and work of the referees and the editors, and contributes to the problem it is intended to solve, the slow speed of editorial review. And there is the unfortunate possibility that more than one journal will accept it. As there is no time for feedback from readers, the same errors appear
in various journals.

Defense of multiple submission

Duplicate submission can be defended. The slowness of academic editing is so great that if an author waits until the decision of the first publisher is known, the submission to the second journal may take place a whole year later. (Some Scientific journals, for example, JOSAB, may keep a paper during more than one month to analyzing possible candidates for the reviewing). Yet that is a waste of resource, in the case of those journals which do not get the paper to publish.

A researcher, after obtaining and verifying his extraordinary result, wants to publish it in Physical Review Letters

Physical Review Letters

Physical Review Letters , established in 1958, is a peer reviewed, scientific journal that is published 52 times per year by the American Physical Society...

 but is afraid that the paper will be rejected, and
his competitors will obtain and publish the result earlier. So, the researcher submits the same result to several national scientific journal

Scientific journal

In academic publishing, a scientific journal is a periodical publication intended to further the progress of science, usually by reporting new research. There are thousands of scientific journals in publication, and many more have been published at various points in the past...

(s) of low impact factor

Impact factor

The impact factor, often abbreviated IF, is a measure reflecting the average number of citations to articles published in science and social science journals. It is frequently used as a proxy for the relative importance of a journal within its field, with journals with higher impact factors deemed...

over the world:
'Proceedings of Springfield University',
' Revista Científica de Guacatelamala', 'Le Courier Scientific de la Republic Democratic Cannibas', 'Научный Бюллетень Myxосранского Технологического Института', 'Journal der Angewandten Chemieinstituts von Kuyzad', 保險海套大学の仕訳 (6 examples of low-impact factor journals, which actually do not exist), and so on.

That is, if 15 journals nod that paper, while only one of them may publish, that is a waste—for 14 of them. Most (all?) journals and popular magazines already tell the potential author not to do that. Alternatively, for an application to the graduate school, the university does not ban that. If that model (request a fee) is/were popular also in the publication field, the "waste of resource" would relate to only the money from out of the pocket of the applicant.

Journal republishing

It occasionally happens that author(s) publishes the same article twice, whether in the same or different journals.

.

Exposure of multiple publications

With the advancement of the internet, there are now several tools available to aid in the detection of plagiarism

Plagiarism

Plagiarism is defined in dictionaries as the "wrongful appropriation," "close imitation," or "purloining and publication" of another author's "language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions," and the representation of them as one's own original work, but the notion remains problematic with nebulous...

 and multiple publications within biomedical literature. One tool developed in 2006 by researchers in Dr. Harold Garner

Harold Garner

Harold Ray Garner is a biophysicist with distinguished research careers both in plasma physics, in bioengineering and bioinformatics. Dr. Garner was born in St. Louis, Mo. on February 5, 1954....

's laboratory at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas

University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas

The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center is one of the biomedical research institutions of the University of Texas System, incorporating three degree-granting institutions, four affiliated hospitals, including Parkland Memorial, the teaching hospital, and biomedical research...

is Déjà Vu, an open-access database containing several thousand instances of duplicate publication.