Mullah Shah Badakhshi, popularly known as "Mullah Shah" was a Muslim

Muslim

A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...

 Sufi, spiritual successor of the famous Mian Mir

Mian Mir

Baba Sain Mir Mohammed Sahib , popularly known as Mian Mir, was a famous Sufi saint who resided in Lahore, specifically in the town of Dharampura . He belonged to the Qadiri order of Sufism. He is famous for being a spiritual instructor of Dara Shikoh, the eldest son of Mughal emperor Shah Jahan...

. He belonged to the Qadiri order of Sufism

Sufism

Sufism or ' is defined by its adherents as the inner, mystical dimension of Islam. A practitioner of this tradition is generally known as a '...

. He was the spiritual mentor of the mughal prince Dara Shikoh Qadri. Dara Shikoh desired to be initiated into the Qadri order at the hands of Hazrat Mian Mir. After Hazrat Mian Mir's wisal, Dara Shikoh's search for a murshid took him to Kashmir where he met Hazrat Mulla Shah Badakhsi. In Sakinatul Awliya Dara Shikoh writes in the chapter titled "Mulla Shah Badakhsi":

"This faqir is his (Mulla Shah's) servant and disciple. His blessed name is Shah Muhammad. Hazrat Mian Mir used to call him Muhammad Shah and Mian Mir's disciples and devotees would refer to him as Hazrat Akhund."

Sai Hazrat Abu Saeed Fateh Ullah Masoom Al-Gillani Al-Qadri (Mullah Shah) was the caliph and deputy of Sai Hazrat Mian Mir Sahib Ji.Hazrat Abu Saeed was powerful cleric of Muhammadan law and the pronounced professor of his times. His actual name was “Syed Fateh Ullah Gillani” and family name (patronymic identify) was Abu Saeed, his title was Khwaja Masoom, and Mulla Masoom, which was bestowed from threshold of Sai Hazrat Mian Mir Sahib Ji and Mulla Abu Saeed Khan also used in history references. He perceived the given title a component of the faith and overlooked all other names. That’s why Crown Prince of India "Shahzada Darashikoh" in his manuscript on Sai Hazrat Mian Mir Sahib Ji “Sakeena Tul Awliya” at various places calls him “Abu Saeed”, “Mulla Saeed”, “Khwaja Masoom”, "Mulla Masoom", "Khan e Jahan", "Abu Saeed Khan", and "Khan e Khanan (chief of the chief)" are also available. Other authors also used titles like Makhdom ul Asr, and Makhdom ul Mashaikh etc.

In his institution, pupils from far boarded to fulfill the thirst of knowledge. Abu Saeed had two sons, Syed Saeed Ud Din Gillani, titled by “Surkh Poosh” was the elder one. He was lunatic and acceptable close to Allah by birth. He was out of worldly dependency therefore never married. He was buried next to Hazrat Abu Saeed.

Younger son was Syed Zain Ud Din Gillani Qadri renowned as Zain Ul Awliya, the one by whom, the genealogy of Abu Saeed is trickled down up till now. Hazrat Abu Saeed had one daughter, Makhdoma Syeda Fatima Gillani who’s married with Abu Saeed’s nephew in Uchh Shreef.

Mian Mir remained practicing spirituality for three years at Abu Saeed’s residence. Abu Saeed served Mian Mir day and night with great purity. He thanked Abu Saeed, as he was set to depart from Uchh Shreef, and said, whatever demanded should be granted ask Abu Saeed what do you need? Abu Saeed replied Hazrat! Seems tough to stay away from you, just want to be a plaintiff. Hazrat Mian Mir accepted him in fealty and ordered him to first accomplish all responsibilities and tasks from Uchh Shreef and come to my permanent threshold Lahore.

Sai Makhdom Abu Saeed Syed Fateh Ullah Masoom left every thing and came to Lahore where Sai Hazrat Mian Mir Sahib Ji granted him the first ever deputyship (a caliph).