Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 6
Encyclopedia
SMAD family member 6, also known as SMAD6, is a protein
that in humans is encoded by the SMAD6 gene
.
SMAD6 is a protein that, as its name describes, is a homolog of the Drosophila
gene "mothers against decapentaplegic
". It belongs to the SMAD
family of proteins, which belong to the TGFβ superfamily of modulators. Like many other TGFβ family members SMAD6 is involved in cell signalling. It acts as a regulator of TGFβ family (such as bone morphogenetic proteins) activity by competing with SMAD4 and preventing the transcription of SMAD4's gene products. There are two known isoforms of this protein.
protein SMA. The name is a combination of the two. During Drosophila research, it was found that a mutation in the gene MAD in the mother repressed the gene decapentaplegic
in the embryo. The phrase "Mothers against" was added since mothers often form organizations opposing various issues, e.g., Mothers Against Drunk Driving
, or (MADD).
with HOXC8
, Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7
, PIAS4
, STRAP
and MAP3K7
.
Protein
Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...
that in humans is encoded by the SMAD6 gene
Gene
A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...
.
SMAD6 is a protein that, as its name describes, is a homolog of the Drosophila
Drosophila
Drosophila is a genus of small flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "fruit flies" or more appropriately pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species to linger around overripe or rotting fruit...
gene "mothers against decapentaplegic
Mothers against decapentaplegic
Mothers against decapentaplegic is a protein from the SMAD family that was discovered in Drosophila.The SMAD proteins are homologs of both the Drosophila protein "mothers against decapentaplegic" and the C. elegans protein SMA. The name is a combination of the two...
". It belongs to the SMAD
SMAD (protein)
SMADs are intracellular proteins that transduce extracellular signals from transforming growth factor beta ligands to the nucleus where they activate downstream TGF-β gene transcription....
family of proteins, which belong to the TGFβ superfamily of modulators. Like many other TGFβ family members SMAD6 is involved in cell signalling. It acts as a regulator of TGFβ family (such as bone morphogenetic proteins) activity by competing with SMAD4 and preventing the transcription of SMAD4's gene products. There are two known isoforms of this protein.
Nomenclature
The SMAD proteins are homologs of both the drosophila protein, mothers against decapentaplegic (MAD) and the C. elegansCaenorhabditis elegans
Caenorhabditis elegans is a free-living, transparent nematode , about 1 mm in length, which lives in temperate soil environments. Research into the molecular and developmental biology of C. elegans was begun in 1974 by Sydney Brenner and it has since been used extensively as a model...
protein SMA. The name is a combination of the two. During Drosophila research, it was found that a mutation in the gene MAD in the mother repressed the gene decapentaplegic
Decapentaplegic
Decapentaplegic is a key morphogen involved in the development of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. It is known to be necessary for the correct patterning of the fifteen imaginal discs, which are tissues that will become limbs and other organs and structures in the adult fly. It has also been...
in the embryo. The phrase "Mothers against" was added since mothers often form organizations opposing various issues, e.g., Mothers Against Drunk Driving
Mothers Against Drunk Driving
Mothers Against Drunk Driving is a non-profit organization in the United States that seeks to stop drunk driving, support those affected by drunk driving, prevent underage drinking, and overall push for stricter alcohol policy...
, or (MADD).
Interactions
Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 6 has been shown to interactProtein-protein interaction
Protein–protein interactions occur when two or more proteins bind together, often to carry out their biological function. Many of the most important molecular processes in the cell such as DNA replication are carried out by large molecular machines that are built from a large number of protein...
with HOXC8
HOXC8
Homeobox protein Hox-C8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXC8 gene.-Interactions:HOXC8 has been shown to interact with Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 6 and Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 1....
, Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7
Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7
Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7 or SMAD7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMAD7 gene.SMAD7 is a protein that, as its name describes, is a homolog of the Drosophila gene: "Mothers against decapentaplegic". It belongs to the SMAD family of proteins, which belong to the TGFβ...
, PIAS4
PIAS4
E3 SUMO-protein ligase PIAS4 also known as protein inhibitor of activated STAT protein 4 or protein inhibitor of activated STAT protein gamma is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PIAS4 gene.-Interactions:...
, STRAP
STRAP
Serine-threonine kinase receptor-associated protein is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the STRAP gene.-Interactions:STRAP has been shown to interact with Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 6, TGF beta receptor 2, Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7, TGF beta receptor 1, Mothers...
and MAP3K7
MAP3K7
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAP3K7 gene.-Interactions:MAP3K7 has been shown to interact with Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 6, MAP3K7IP2, MAP3K7IP1, MAP3K7IP3, ASK1, PPM1B, TRAF6, MAP2K6 and CHUK.-Further reading:...
.