Moritz Benedikt was an Hungarian-Austrian

Austrians

Austrians are a nation and ethnic group, consisting of the population of the Republic of Austria and its historical predecessor states who share a common Austrian culture and Austrian descent....

 neurologist

Neurologist

A neurologist is a physician who specializes in neurology, and is trained to investigate, or diagnose and treat neurological disorders.Neurology is the medical specialty related to the human nervous system. The nervous system encompasses the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. A specialist...

 who was a native of Eisenstadt. He was an instructor and professor of neurology at the University of Vienna

University of Vienna

The University of Vienna is a public university located in Vienna, Austria. It was founded by Duke Rudolph IV in 1365 and is the oldest university in the German-speaking world...

. Benedikt was a physician with the Austrian army during the Second Italian War of Independence

Second Italian War of Independence

The Second War of Italian Independence, Franco-Austrian War, Austro-Sardinian War, or Austro-Piedmontese War , was fought by Napoleon III of France and the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia against the Austrian Empire in 1859...

 (1859) and the Austro-Prussian War

Austro-Prussian War

The Austro-Prussian War was a war fought in 1866 between the German Confederation under the leadership of the Austrian Empire and its German allies on one side and the Kingdom of Prussia with its German allies and Italy on the...

.

Benedikt was a specialist in the fields of electrotherapeutics

Electrotherapy

Electrotherapy is the use of electrical energy as a medical treatment In medicine, the term electrotherapy can apply to a variety of treatments, including the use of electrical devices such as deep brain stimulators for neurological disease. The term has also been applied specifically to the use of...

 and neuropathology

Neuropathology

Neuropathology is the study of disease of nervous system tissue, usually in the form of either small surgical biopsies or whole autopsy brains. Neuropathology is a subspecialty of anatomic pathology, neurology, and neurosurgery...

. His name is lent to the eponymous Benedikt's syndrome

Benedikt's syndrome

Benedikt syndrome, also called Benedikt's syndrome or paramedian midbrain syndrome, is a rare type of posterior circulation stroke of the brain, with a range of neurological symptoms affecting the midbrain, cerebellum and other related structures....

, which is characterized by ipsilateral oculomotor paralysis

Paralysis

Paralysis is loss of muscle function for one or more muscles. Paralysis can be accompanied by a loss of feeling in the affected area if there is sensory damage as well as motor. A study conducted by the Christopher & Dana Reeve Foundation, suggests that about 1 in 50 people have been diagnosed...

 with contralateral tremor and hemiparesis

Hemiparesis

Hemiparesis is weakness on one side of the body. It is less severe than hemiplegia - the total paralysis of the arm, leg, and trunk on one side of the body. Thus, the patient can move the impaired side of his body, but with reduced muscular strength....

 caused by a lesion

Lesion

A lesion is any abnormality in the tissue of an organism , usually caused by disease or trauma. Lesion is derived from the Latin word laesio which means injury.- Types :...

 involving the red nucleus

Red nucleus

The red nucleus is a structure in the rostral midbrain involved in motor coordination. It comprises a caudal magnocellular and a rostral parvocellular part.-Function:...

 and corticospinal tract

Corticospinal tract

The corticospinal or pyramidal tract is a collection of axons that travel between the cerebral cortex of the brain and the spinal cord....

 in the midbrain tegmentum

Midbrain tegmentum

The midbrain tegmentum is the part of the midbrain extending from the substantia nigra to the cerebral aqueduct in a horizontal section of the midbrain. It forms the floor of the midbrain which surrounds the cerebral aqueduct.-External links:*...

.

Benedikt is remembered today for his controversial research in criminal anthropology

Anthropology

Anthropology is the study of humanity. It has origins in the humanities, the natural sciences, and the social sciences. The term "anthropology" is from the Greek anthrōpos , "man", understood to mean mankind or humanity, and -logia , "discourse" or "study", and was first used in 1501 by German...

. He performed numerous cephalometric

Cephalometry

Cephalometry is the measurement of the human head by imaging, traditionally from x-ray films.-Dentistry:Cephalometric analysis is used in dentistry, and especially in orthodontics, to gauge the size and spacial relationships of the teeth, jaws, and cranium...

 studies, and postulated that there were specific differences between "normal" and "criminal brains". This research is explained in his book titled Anatomical Studies upon the Brains of Criminals, which was later translated into English. Benedikt is also credited for coining the word "darsonvalisation" to describe therapeutic

Therapy

This is a list of types of therapy .* Adventure therapy* Animal-assisted therapy* Aquatic therapy* Aromatherapy* Art and dementia* Art therapy* Authentic Movement* Behavioral therapy* Bibliotherapy* Buteyko Method* Chemotherapy...

 or experimental applications of high frequency

High frequency

High frequency radio frequencies are between 3 and 30 MHz. Also known as the decameter band or decameter wave as the wavelengths range from one to ten decameters . Frequencies immediately below HF are denoted Medium-frequency , and the next higher frequencies are known as Very high frequency...

. Darsonvalisation was named in honor of French biophysicist Jacques-Arsène d'Arsonval

Jacques-Arsène d'Arsonval

Jacques-Arsène d'Arsonval was born in La Porcherie and was a French physician, physicist and inventor of the moving-coil galvanometer and probably of the thermocouple ammeter...

 (1851–1940).

Publications

• Moriz Benedikt: Die psychologischen Funktionen des Gehirnes in gesundem und kranker Zustand, Wiener Klinik: Vorträge; Jg. 1, H. 7, Wien, 1875
• Moriz Benedikt: Zur Lehre von der Localisation der Gehirnfunctionen, Wiener Klinik: Vorträge; Jg. 9, H. 5-6, Wien 1875
• Moriz Benedikt: Ueber Katalepsie und Mesmerismus, Wiener Klinik: Vorträge; Jg. 6, H. 3/4, Wien, 1880
• Moriz Benedikt: Ueber Elektricität in der Medicin, Wiener Klinik: Vorträge; Jg. 10, H. 2, Wien, 1884
• Moriz Benedikt: Grundformeln des neuropathologischen Denkens, Wiener Klinik: Vorträge; Jg. 11, H. 4, Wien, 1885
• Moriz Benedikt: Hypnotismus und Suggestion, Breitenstein
  Breitenstein
  Breitenstein may refer to:*Breitenstein, Lower Austria*Breitenstein, Saxony-Anhalt, a municipality in Germany*Breitenstein , a mountain in the Bavarian Alps*Breitenstein , a mountain in Baden-Württemberg, Germany...
  
  , Leipzig, 1894
• Moriz Benedikt: Seelenkunde des Menschen als reine Erfahrungswissenschaft, Reisland, Leipzig, 1895
• Moriz Benedikt: Krystallisation und Morphogenesis, Perles
  Perles
  Perles may refer to*Perles is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardie in northern France.*Perles is also the French name for Pieterlen, in Switzerland*Joseph Perles , a rabbi...
  
  , Wien, 1904
• Moriz Benedikt: Aus meinem Leben: Erinnerungen und Erörterungen, Konegen, Wien, 1906
• Moriz Benedikt: Biomechanik und Biogenesis, Fischer
  Fischer
  - Origin and meaning :The German language name is derived from the profession of the fisherman. The name Fischer is the fourth most common German surname.- Variants:* Fisher * Fischler* Vischer* Fischers* Fischl* Fischel* Fischle)...
  
  , Jena, 1912
• Moriz Benedikt: Die latenten (Reichenbach'schen) Emanationen der Chemikalien, Konegen, Wien, 1915
• Moriz Benedikt: Leitfaden der Rutenlehre (Wünschelrute), Urban & Schwarzenberg, Wien, 1916
• Moriz Benedikt: Ruten- und Pendellehre, Hartleben, Wien, 1917