Montbrison, Loire
Encyclopedia
Montbrison is a commune
in the Loire
department in central France
.
The commune gives its name to the popular blue cheese
Fourme de Montbrison
which has been made in the region for centuries.
region, of which Montbrison would later become the capital. The earliest recorded reference to the town dates back to 870.
The town was fortified following the attacks by the English army at the start of the Hundred Years War. During the Religious Wars Montbrison was captured and pillaged by the Protestant forces of François de Beaumont in 1562, with the town's garrison thrown from the ramparts onto spikes placed by the attackers.
The Convent of the Visitation was founded in 1643 during a period of heavy famine
, with the town again undergoing a series of poor harvests combined with an attack of the plague
between the years 1648-1653. The Augustinian Convent was founded in 1654, followed by the Hospital to house the poor in 1659. The Ursuline Convent closed in 1851.
Communes of France
The commune is the lowest level of administrative division in the French Republic. French communes are roughly equivalent to incorporated municipalities or villages in the United States or Gemeinden in Germany...
in the Loire
Loire
Loire is an administrative department in the east-central part of France occupying the River Loire's upper reaches.-History:Loire was created in 1793 when after just 3½ years the young Rhône-et-Loire department was split into two. This was a response to counter-Revolutionary activities in Lyon...
department in central France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
.
The commune gives its name to the popular blue cheese
Blue cheese
Blue cheese is a general classification of cow's milk, sheep's milk, or goat's milk cheeses that have had cultures of the mold Penicillium added so that the final product is spotted or veined throughout with blue, blue-gray or blue-green mold, and carries a distinct smell, either from that or...
Fourme de Montbrison
Fourme de Montbrison
Fourme de Montbrison is a cow's-milk cheese made in the regions of Rhône-Alpes and Auvergne in southern France. It derives its name from the town of Montbrison in the Loire department....
which has been made in the region for centuries.
History
The town of Montbrison was founded in the area around the lords' castles in the ForezForez
Forez is a former province of France, corresponding approximately to the central part of the modern Loire département and a part of the Haute-Loire and Puy-de-Dôme départements....
region, of which Montbrison would later become the capital. The earliest recorded reference to the town dates back to 870.
The town was fortified following the attacks by the English army at the start of the Hundred Years War. During the Religious Wars Montbrison was captured and pillaged by the Protestant forces of François de Beaumont in 1562, with the town's garrison thrown from the ramparts onto spikes placed by the attackers.
The Convent of the Visitation was founded in 1643 during a period of heavy famine
Famine
A famine is a widespread scarcity of food, caused by several factors including crop failure, overpopulation, or government policies. This phenomenon is usually accompanied or followed by regional malnutrition, starvation, epidemic, and increased mortality. Every continent in the world has...
, with the town again undergoing a series of poor harvests combined with an attack of the plague
Bubonic plague
Plague is a deadly infectious disease that is caused by the enterobacteria Yersinia pestis, named after the French-Swiss bacteriologist Alexandre Yersin. Primarily carried by rodents and spread to humans via fleas, the disease is notorious throughout history, due to the unrivaled scale of death...
between the years 1648-1653. The Augustinian Convent was founded in 1654, followed by the Hospital to house the poor in 1659. The Ursuline Convent closed in 1851.
Key dates
- 1892 - execution of RavacholRavacholFrançois Claudius Koenigstein, known as Ravachol, , was a French anarchist. He was born 14 October 1859 at Saint-Chamond and died guillotined 11 July 1892 at Montbrison.-Biography:...
- 1909 - electrical power reaches the town
- 1940 - (June) the Forez region is occupied by German troops with Montbrison falling into the 'free' zone. The forces withdrew at the start of July
- 1944 - (August) Montbrison liberated
- 1954 - Water treatment plant built
- 1968 - Jacquou le Croquant broadcast on television
- 1972 - local cheese Fourme de MontbrisonFourme de MontbrisonFourme de Montbrison is a cow's-milk cheese made in the regions of Rhône-Alpes and Auvergne in southern France. It derives its name from the town of Montbrison in the Loire department....
receives Appellation d'Origine ContrôléeAppellation d'Origine ContrôléeAppellation d’origine contrôlée , which translates as "controlled designation of origin", is the French certification granted to certain French geographical indications for wines, cheeses, butters, and other agricultural products, all under the auspices of the government bureau Institut National...
status
Famous residents
- Marie-Anne Pierette Paulze (1758 – 1836), wife of Antoine Lavoisier
- Pierre BoulezPierre BoulezPierre Boulez is a French composer of contemporary classical music, a pianist, and a conductor.-Early years:Boulez was born in Montbrison, Loire, France. As a child he began piano lessons and demonstrated aptitude in both music and mathematics...
(1925 - ), contemporary composer - Philippe DelayePhilippe DelayePhilippe Delaye is a French footballer who currently plays for Montpellier HSC as a Midfielder.-External links:*...
(1975-), footballer - Victor de LapradeVictor de LapradePierre Martin Victor Richard de Laprade , known as Victor de Laprade, was a French poet and critic.-Biography:...
(1812-1882), Christian romantic poet - Charles Martin, journalist.
- Mickey 3DMickey 3DMickey 3D is a French rock group from Montbrison that was founded in 1997 when Mickaël Furnon alias Mickey and Aurélien Joanin alias Jojo parted from the local group 3Dk. They were supported by the group Louise Attaque, which had them play before their concerts. In 1999 they recorded their first...
, pop group - RavacholRavacholFrançois Claudius Koenigstein, known as Ravachol, , was a French anarchist. He was born 14 October 1859 at Saint-Chamond and died guillotined 11 July 1892 at Montbrison.-Biography:...
, anarchist, executed in Montbrison in 1892. - Muriel Robin (1955), actress
- Yves Triantafilos (1948-), footballer
- Christophe AgouChristophe AgouChristophe Agou is a French documentary photographer currently living in New York City.-Biography:Since the early 1990s, Christophe Agou has been building up a body of compelling photographs that take an allusive approach to the human condition. He is noted for his intimate and personal...
(1969-), Photographer