Microbody
Encyclopedia
A microbody is a cytoplasmic organelle of a more or less globular shape that comprises degradative enzymes bound within a single membrane. Microbodies are specialized as containers for metabolic activity.
s, glyoxysome
s, glycosome
s and Woronin bodies
.
), as well as enzymes of many other important pathways like amino acid and bile acid metabolism, oxidation/detoxification of various harmful compounds in the liver (ex. alcohol).
.
Glycosomes, besides peroxisomal enzymes, also possess glycolysis enzymes and are found in kinetoplastida like Trypanosomes.
Woronin bodies are special organelles found only in filamentous fungi. One established function of Woronin bodies is the plugging of the septal pores after hypha
l wounding, which restricts the
loss of cytoplasm to the sites of iny.
Types
Types include peroxisomePeroxisome
Peroxisomes are organelles found in virtually all eukaryotic cells. They are involved in the catabolism of very long chain fatty acids, branched chain fatty acids, D-amino acids, polyamines, and biosynthesis of plasmalogens, etherphospholipids critical for the normal function of mammalian brains...
s, glyoxysome
Glyoxysome
Glyoxysomes are specialized peroxisomes found in plants and also in filamentous fungi....
s, glycosome
Glycosome
The glycosome is a membrane-enclosed organelle that contains the glycolytic enzymes. It is found in a few species of protozoa, most notably in the human pathogenic trypanosomes, which can cause sleeping sickness and Chagas's disease, and Leishmania. The organelle is bounded by a single membrane and...
s and Woronin bodies
Woronin body
A Woronin body is a peroxisome-derived, dense core microbody with a double membrane found near the septae that divide hyphal compartments in filamentous Ascomycota. One established function of Woronin bodies is the plugging of the septal pores after hyphal wounding, which restricts theloss of...
.
Contents
Peroxisomes contain enzymes of β-oxidation (break down fats and produce Acetyl-CoAAcetyl-CoA
Acetyl coenzyme A or acetyl-CoA is an important molecule in metabolism, used in many biochemical reactions. Its main function is to convey the carbon atoms within the acetyl group to the citric acid cycle to be oxidized for energy production. In chemical structure, acetyl-CoA is the thioester...
), as well as enzymes of many other important pathways like amino acid and bile acid metabolism, oxidation/detoxification of various harmful compounds in the liver (ex. alcohol).
Functions
Glyoxysomes are found in germinating seeds of plants as well as in filamentous fungi. Glyoxysomes are peroxisomes with additional function - glyoxylate cycleGlyoxylate cycle
The glyoxylate cycle, a variation of the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle, is an anabolic metabolic pathway occurring in plants, bacteria, protists, fungi and several microorganisms, such as E. coli and yeast. The glyoxylate cycle centers on the conversion of acetyl-CoA to succinate for the synthesis of...
.
Glycosomes, besides peroxisomal enzymes, also possess glycolysis enzymes and are found in kinetoplastida like Trypanosomes.
Woronin bodies are special organelles found only in filamentous fungi. One established function of Woronin bodies is the plugging of the septal pores after hypha
Hypha
A hypha is a long, branching filamentous structure of a fungus, and also of unrelated Actinobacteria. In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth, and are collectively called a mycelium; yeasts are unicellular fungi that do not grow as hyphae.-Structure:A hypha consists of one or...
l wounding, which restricts the
loss of cytoplasm to the sites of iny.