Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro
Encyclopedia
Nawab Ghulam Shah Kalhoro, Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro, Ghulam Shah Kalhoro, Shah Wardi Khan: ميان غلام شاه كلهوره المعرووف شاه وردي خان, was a ruler of the Kalhora
Dynasty of Sindh
whose rule began in 1762, when he was appointed ruler of Sindh
by a royal decree, with the title of Shah Wardí Khan. He brought stability in Sindh
after the rule of Main Noor Mohammad Kalhoro
, he reorganized the province and independently defeated the Marathas and their prominent vassal the Rao of Kuch in the Thar Desert and returned victoriously.
after the sons of Mian Noor Muhammad Kalhoro were taken hostage to Persia, he remained the only relevant heir of the Kalhora Dynasty
.
Upon his return to Sindh he ordered the construction of the tomb of Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai
and nearby he established Nerunkot (modern day Hyderabad, Sindh
). He had commenced a strong fort the Pucco Qillo with the view of turning that city into his future capital.
He also commanded Murad Fakir Nizamani as the administrator of the port city of Thatta
. Among his most famous military commanders were Atur Khan, Sardar Jahan Khan.
s ventured into the inhospitable Thar Desert
in order to defeat the forces of the Rao of Kuch a prominent vassal of the Marathas after had been threating the loyal subjects of the Kalhora Dynasty
.
mainly due to his cannons and superior firepower, Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro and 8,000 under his command successfully defeated the Rao of Kuch and returned victoriously. Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro celebrated his return by constructing a mausoleum upon the grave of the famous poet and Sufi Grand Master, Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai
.
but later the Sindhi and Punjabi forces had to confront the threat posed by the Sikh
forces led by Ranjit Singh
that began to conquer Multan
. However the campaign did not succeed beyond Dera Ghazi Khan
.
Kalhora
The Kalhora are of Sindhi origin they trace their origins to a Sindhi warrior named, Sultan Ahmad Kalhora who married a daughter of Raja Rai Dhorang Sahta, receiving much territories as dowry. Amir Fathullah Khan Kalhora, is the recognized ancestor of the dynasty. He conquered the bhangar...
Dynasty of Sindh
Sindh
Sindh historically referred to as Ba'ab-ul-Islam , is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhi people. It is also locally known as the "Mehran". Though Muslims form the largest religious group in Sindh, a good number of Christians, Zoroastrians and Hindus can...
whose rule began in 1762, when he was appointed ruler of Sindh
Sindh
Sindh historically referred to as Ba'ab-ul-Islam , is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhi people. It is also locally known as the "Mehran". Though Muslims form the largest religious group in Sindh, a good number of Christians, Zoroastrians and Hindus can...
by a royal decree, with the title of Shah Wardí Khan. He brought stability in Sindh
Sindh
Sindh historically referred to as Ba'ab-ul-Islam , is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhi people. It is also locally known as the "Mehran". Though Muslims form the largest religious group in Sindh, a good number of Christians, Zoroastrians and Hindus can...
after the rule of Main Noor Mohammad Kalhoro
Main Noor Mohammad Kalhoro
Miyan Nur Muhammad Kalhoro better known as Nawab Khuda-Yar Khan reigned from 1718 to 1755. Miyan Nur Muhammad Kalhoro succeeded his father with the title of Khuda-Yar Khan...
, he reorganized the province and independently defeated the Marathas and their prominent vassal the Rao of Kuch in the Thar Desert and returned victoriously.
Early life
Was close relative of Mian Noor Muhammad Kalhoro, he a had fought the forces of Nadir Shah when they invaded SindhSindh
Sindh historically referred to as Ba'ab-ul-Islam , is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhi people. It is also locally known as the "Mehran". Though Muslims form the largest religious group in Sindh, a good number of Christians, Zoroastrians and Hindus can...
after the sons of Mian Noor Muhammad Kalhoro were taken hostage to Persia, he remained the only relevant heir of the Kalhora Dynasty
Kalhora Dynasty
Kalhora Dynasty or Kalhoro Dynasty ; ruled Sindh and other parts of present day Pakistan. This dynasty was founded by Kalhora tribe that ruled Sindh from 1701 to 1783...
.
The founding of Nerunkot
Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai
Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai was a Sindhi Sufi scholar, mystic, saint, poet, and musician. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest poets of the Sindhi language...
and nearby he established Nerunkot (modern day Hyderabad, Sindh
Hyderabad, Sindh
is the second largest city in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is the seventh largest city in the country. The city was founded in 1768 by Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro upon the ruins of a Mauryan fishing village along the bank of the Indus known as Neroon Kot...
). He had commenced a strong fort the Pucco Qillo with the view of turning that city into his future capital.
He also commanded Murad Fakir Nizamani as the administrator of the port city of Thatta
Thatta
Thatta is a historic town of 220,000 inhabitants in the Sindh province of Pakistan, near Lake Keenjhar, the largest freshwater lake in the country. Thatta's major monuments especially its necropolis at Makli are listed among the World Heritage Sites. The Shah Jahan Mosque is also listed...
. Among his most famous military commanders were Atur Khan, Sardar Jahan Khan.
Campaign against the Marathas
In the year 1762, Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro and 8,000 Sindhi SowarSowar
Sowar , meaning 'The one who rides' in Persian, was originally a rank during the Mughal period. Later during the British Raj it was the name in Anglo-Indian usage for a horse-soldier belonging to the cavalry troops of the native armies of British India and the feudal states...
s ventured into the inhospitable Thar Desert
Thar Desert
The Thar Desert |Punjab]] province. The Cholistan Desert adjoins the Thar desert spreading into Pakistani Punjab province.-Location and description:...
in order to defeat the forces of the Rao of Kuch a prominent vassal of the Marathas after had been threating the loyal subjects of the Kalhora Dynasty
Kalhora Dynasty
Kalhora Dynasty or Kalhoro Dynasty ; ruled Sindh and other parts of present day Pakistan. This dynasty was founded by Kalhora tribe that ruled Sindh from 1701 to 1783...
.
mainly due to his cannons and superior firepower, Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro and 8,000 under his command successfully defeated the Rao of Kuch and returned victoriously. Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro celebrated his return by constructing a mausoleum upon the grave of the famous poet and Sufi Grand Master, Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai
Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai
Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai was a Sindhi Sufi scholar, mystic, saint, poet, and musician. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest poets of the Sindhi language...
.
Attempts to gain Multan
In 1769 he sent Sardar Jahan Khan to gain MultanMultan
Multan , is a city in the Punjab Province of Pakistan and capital of Multan District. It is located in the southern part of the province on the east bank of the Chenab River, more or less in the geographic centre of the country and about from Islamabad, from Lahore and from Karachi...
but later the Sindhi and Punjabi forces had to confront the threat posed by the Sikh
Sikh
A Sikh is a follower of Sikhism. It primarily originated in the 15th century in the Punjab region of South Asia. The term "Sikh" has its origin in Sanskrit term शिष्य , meaning "disciple, student" or शिक्ष , meaning "instruction"...
forces led by Ranjit Singh
Ranjit Singh
Maharaja Ranjit Singh Ji was the first Maharaja of the Sikh Empire.-Early life:...
that began to conquer Multan
Multan
Multan , is a city in the Punjab Province of Pakistan and capital of Multan District. It is located in the southern part of the province on the east bank of the Chenab River, more or less in the geographic centre of the country and about from Islamabad, from Lahore and from Karachi...
. However the campaign did not succeed beyond Dera Ghazi Khan
Dera Ghazi Khan
Dera Ghazi Khan is a city located in Dera Ghazi Khan District, Punjab, Pakistan. Dera Ghazi Khan is one of the most populous cities in Southern Punjab, and it is the largest district in Punjab in terms of area, being approximately in extent....
.
See also
- Kalhora DynastyKalhora DynastyKalhora Dynasty or Kalhoro Dynasty ; ruled Sindh and other parts of present day Pakistan. This dynasty was founded by Kalhora tribe that ruled Sindh from 1701 to 1783...
- Third battle of PanipatThird battle of PanipatThe Third Battle of Panipat took place on 14 January 1761, at Panipat , about 60 miles north of Delhi between a northern expeditionary force of the Maratha Confederacy and a coalition of the King of Afghanistan, Ahmad Shah Abdali with 2 Indian Muslim allies—the Rohilla Afghans of the Doab, and the...
- Mian Ghuam Shah Kalhoro (Shah Wardi Khan)Mian Ghuam Shah Kalhoro (Shah Wardi Khan)Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro, Ghulam Shah Kalhoro, Shah Wardi Khan was a ruler of the Kalhora Dynasty of Sindh whose rule began in 1762, when he was appointed ruler of Sindh by a royal decree, with the title of Shah Wardí Khan...