Marília
Encyclopedia
Marília is a Brazilian city and municipality in the midwestern region of the state of São Paulo
São Paulo
São Paulo is the largest city in Brazil, the largest city in the southern hemisphere and South America, and the world's seventh largest city by population. The metropolis is anchor to the São Paulo metropolitan area, ranked as the second-most populous metropolitan area in the Americas and among...
. Its distance from the state capital is 443 km (275 mi) by highway, 529 km (329 mi) by railway and 376 km (234 mi) in a straight line. It is located at latitude 22º 12'50 "south and longitude 49º 56'45" west, with an altitude of 675 meters. Population is approximately 225,938 inhabitants (2009 IBGE
IBGE
The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics or IBGE , is the agency responsible for statistical, geographic, cartographic, geodetic and environmental information in Brazil...
intercensal estimate)).
History
In 1923, Antônio Pereira da Silva and his son José Pereira da Silva were the pioneers of the region, cleared land next to Feio and Peixe rivers. This land was named Alto Cafezal, or "High Coffee Plantation".A city of Araraquara region deputy at the time, Bento de Abreu Sampaio Vidal held in 1926 a parcel of their assets.
In 1927, Colonel José Brás or Jose' da Silva Nogueira whose family had its origin in Itapetininga
Itapetininga
Itapetininga is a municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The name comes from the Tupi languageIt is situated in the southwestern region of the state, and is known as cidade das escolas, meaning city of schools in Portuguese....
, arrived in Marilia. His family held 40% of the farm land named Bonfim, and the process of urbanization began with the allotment of this farm.
Companhia Paulista Railway had been advancing its tracks from São Paulo to get to the town of Lácio, and in accordance with its plan, the roads that were being opened at the branch were named in alphabetical order. The next branch should have its name beginning with the letter "M." "Maratona", "Mogúncio" and "Macau" were suggested, but Vidal was not satisfied with them. So, in one of his trips to Europe by ship, as he read Tomás Antônio Gonzaga
Tomás Antônio Gonzaga
Tomás Antônio Gonzaga was a Portuguese poet. One of the most famous Neoclassic Brazilian writers, he was also the ouvidor and the ombudsman of the city of Ouro Preto , as well as the desembargador of the appeal court in Bahia...
's Marília de Dirceu
Marília de Dirceu
Marília de Dirceu is a poetry book written by Luso-Brazilian Neoclassic poet Tomás Antônio Gonzaga. It is divided in three parts — all of them published in different years...
, he chose the name Marília from the poetry book.
The city of Marília was created with this name by State Law No. 2161 on December 22, 1926, but remained as a borough of Cafelândia
Cafelândia
Cafelândia is a city of the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population in 2004 is 16,068 and the area is 922.27 km². The elevation is 445 m....
. In 1928, Marília was raised to the status of municipality by State Law No. 2320 of December 24. Its anniversary is celebrated on April 4, 1929.
At first, the economy of Marília was based on the cultivation of coffee
Coffee
Coffee is a brewed beverage with a dark,init brooo acidic flavor prepared from the roasted seeds of the coffee plant, colloquially called coffee beans. The beans are found in coffee cherries, which grow on trees cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in equatorial Latin America, Southeast Asia,...
, being replaced by cotton
Cotton
Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective capsule, around the seeds of cotton plants of the genus Gossypium. The fiber is almost pure cellulose. The botanical purpose of cotton fiber is to aid in seed dispersal....
. Cotton proffits led to the installation of the first two industries in the city (two cotttonseed oil) in the mid-1930s. With the expansion of the industrialization in São Paulo state, rail and highways were also built, thereby linking Marilia to various regions of the state of São Paulo and northern Paraná
Paraná (state)
Paraná is one of the states of Brazil, located in the South of the country, bordered on the north by São Paulo state, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by Santa Catarina state and the Misiones Province of Argentina, and on the west by Mato Grosso do Sul and the republic of Paraguay,...
.
In the 1940s the city established itself as a development of the West Paulista
São Paulo
São Paulo is the largest city in Brazil, the largest city in the southern hemisphere and South America, and the world's seventh largest city by population. The metropolis is anchor to the São Paulo metropolitan area, ranked as the second-most populous metropolitan area in the Americas and among...
, when there was a large and growing urban population.
In the 1970s, there was a new industrial cycle in the city with the installation of new industries, specially food processing and welding. With the subsequent installation of several university courses, Marília attracted more people to the region, which accelerated the development of the city as a commercial & industrial hub.
Marília today has approximately 50 food industries in the area and it is known as the "National Capital of Food Processing."
Climate
The city's climate is tropical of altitude with the following characteristics:Average annual temperature: 20 °C
Hottest month in January: 25.7 °C
Coldest month in June: 15.2 °C
Absolute Maximum: 39.4 °C
Absolute minimum: -3.6 °C
Demography
Total population:
Metro: 189,719
Rural: 7623
Men: 96,502
Women: 100,840
Population density (inhabitants / km ²): 186.42 (2007)
Infant mortality up to 1 year (per thousand): 15.57
Life expectancy (years): 74.37
Total Fertility rate: 2.21
Literacy rate: 95.35%
Human Development Index (HDI): 0.821
HDI-R Income: 0.885
HDI-L Longevity: 0.822
HDI-E Education: 0.962
Government
Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)
The Democratic Labour Party is a populist, democratic socialist political party of Brazil. It was founded in 1979 by left-wing leader Leonel Brizola as an attempt to reorganize the Brazilian leftist forces during the end of the Brazilian military dictatorship...
), a former professor, first elected in 2004 and reelected in 2008, whose mandate is valid until 2012. The government receives little state funding do to high tax returns from the local tax income.
Education
The city has several courses distributed in their colleges and universities. There are three universities: two private (Unimar and UNIVEM) and one public (UNESPUnesp
Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho is one of the six public universities of the Brazilian state of São Paulo, with USP, UFABC, UNIFESP, UFSCar and UNICAMP. It's a part of the state’s higher education system.UNESP has a combined student body of almost 40,000 spread among its 23...
)) and three colleges, among them the school of medicine (Faculdade de Medicina de Marília
Faculdade de Medicina de Marília
Faculdade de Medicina de Marília , best known as Famema, is a medical school located in the city Marilia, state of São Paulo, Brazil, founded 1966.-External links:...
).
Transport
Marília Airport
Frank Miloye Milenkowichi Airport is the airport serving Marília, Brazil.It is operated by DAESP.-History:Frank Miloye Milenkowichi Airport was opened in 1938....
. The city is crossed by 3 highways: the SP-294
SP-294
SP-294 is a state highway in the state of São Paulo in Brazil....
, the SP-333
SP-333
SP-333 is a state highway in the state of São Paulo in Brazil....
and Rodovia Transbrasiliana (Transbrazilian Highway). As most cities in the region, Marilia no longer has passenger railway service.
Interesting facts
- Ethnic Background: Marilia's population is mainly formed by descendants of Luso-African Brazilians, Portuguese, Japanese, Italians, and Spaniards.
- The first Brazilian olympic medalist was from Marilia. Tetsuo Okamoto won a bronze medal in HelsinkiHelsinkiHelsinki is the capital and largest city in Finland. It is in the region of Uusimaa, located in southern Finland, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, an arm of the Baltic Sea. The population of the city of Helsinki is , making it by far the most populous municipality in Finland. Helsinki is...
in 1952, swimming 1500 m freestyle. - The Southern Hemisphere's largest airline, TAM Brazilian Airlines, was founded in Marilia.
- Banco BradescoBanco BradescoBradesco is one of the Big Four banks in Brazil, the others being Banco do Brasil, Itaú Unibanco and CEF. Bradesco was the largest private bank in Brazil until Banco Itaú and Unibanco merged in 2009. Bradesco is headquartered in Osasco, has 3,945 branches and 38,772 Automatic Teller Machines...
was founded by Amador Aguiar on March 10, 1943, in Marilia, and it is the second largest private bank in Brazil today. - A pre-historic crocodile, Mariliasuchus amaraliMariliasuchusMariliasuchus is an extinct genus of Late Cretaceous notosuchian mesoeucrocodylian found near Marilia, Brazil. It was described in 1999 by Brazilian palaeontologists Ismar de Souza Carvalho and Reinaldo J. Bertini....
, was found in Marilia and its name was a tribute to the city. - On 5 October 1971, approximately at 5:00 pm, fell onto the city of Marília the last meteoriteMeteoriteA meteorite is a natural object originating in outer space that survives impact with the Earth's surface. Meteorites can be big or small. Most meteorites derive from small astronomical objects called meteoroids, but they are also sometimes produced by impacts of asteroids...
registered in the state of São Paulo: the Marília Meteorite. Seven fragments totaling about 2.5 kg were found, and the Marília Meteorite was subsequently classified as a chondrite H4.
Notable people
- Tetsuo OkamotoTetsuo OkamotoTetsuo Okamoto was a Brazilian swimmer. He was a bronze medalist at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki , the first Brazilian swimmer to win a medal at the Olympics...
- swimmer - Guilherme de Cássio AlvesGuilherme de Cássio AlvesGuilherme de Cássio Alves, simply Guilherme , is a retired Brazilian footballer who played as a striker....
- football player - Jurandir de FreitasJurandir de FreitasJurandir de Freitas , nicknamed Jurandir, was a Brazilian footballer.He earned 15 caps for the Brazil national football team. He was part of the 1962 FIFA World Cup winning squad, but he did not play any matches during the tournament...
- football player - José Antônio Toffoli - lawyer and member of Supreme Federal Court (Brazil)