Martellidendron
Encyclopedia
Martellidendron is a genus
of flowering plants with two species
originating from the Seychelles
and Madagascar
belongs to the family Pandanaceae
.
They are palmlike dioecious trees and shrubs Often called Palms, these plants are not closely related to palm trees. There are related to Pandanus
, Freycinetia
, and Sararanga
genus in the Pandanaceae
family. Species included in kind Martellidendron were extracted from the type of Pandanus in 2003 on the basis of phylogenetic studies of pandanaceae family, which showed that Pandan is a kind of bifiletic, and highlighted in the subgenus Martellidendron is actually a sister kind. It has extracte of this subgenus in a separate type of secured monofiletic kind Pandanaceae.
the Pandanaceae are an ancient family of dioecious monocots dating from the early to mid-Cretaceous, and consists of four genera: Martellidendron, Sararanga, Freycinetia and Pandanus. An analysis efectuated on clade Pandanaceae with DNA sequences in order to elucidate intergeneric relationships within the family, results in shown that Pandanus, as is circumscribed, is biphyletic, members of the Indian Ocean Martellidendron are a sister subgenus of Indo-Malesia Freycinetia gendus in a clade that includes Sararanga Malesian genus, and that the other members of Pandanus separately formed another clade. Martellidendron is thus recognized as a distinct genus, leaving a monophyletic Pandanus. Martellidendron comprises seven species. The high degree of morphological differentiation of four Pandanaceae genus suggests that rapid radiation occurred early as seen in other groups of monocots. The molecular data also suggest that different lineages of Pandanaceae in the Indian Ocean basin are likely the result of both vicariance
and the latest step by step long-distance dispersal from Asia across the Indian Ocean, for example, species monocarpellate spiniform in the lowlands of eastern Madagascar.
Flowers unisex, gathered in panicles complex. Single-chamber ovaries. Fruit
s are berries, with seeds
numerous, with a thick shell.
(updated APG system III of 2009) belongs to the family type (Pandanaceae), in the line (' 'Pandanales) belonging to the monocots
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
of flowering plants with two species
Species
In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. While in many cases this definition is adequate, more precise or differing measures are...
originating from the Seychelles
Seychelles
Seychelles , officially the Republic of Seychelles , is an island country spanning an archipelago of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean, some east of mainland Africa, northeast of the island of Madagascar....
and Madagascar
Madagascar
The Republic of Madagascar is an island country located in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa...
belongs to the family Pandanaceae
Pandanaceae
Pandanaceae is a family of flowering plants native to the tropics of the Old World. Such a family has been widely recognized by taxonomists.Pandanaceae are trees or climbing or scrambling shrubs distributed in the Old World tropics and are adapted from sea level in salted beaches to mountain cloud...
.
They are palmlike dioecious trees and shrubs Often called Palms, these plants are not closely related to palm trees. There are related to Pandanus
Pandanus
Pandanus is a genus of monocots with about 600 known species. They are numerous palmlike dioecious trees and shrubs native of the Old World tropics and subtropics. They are classified in the order Pandanales, family Pandanaceae.-Overview:...
, Freycinetia
Freycinetia
Freycinetia is a genus of about 150-180 species of flowering plants native to the tropics of Southeast Asia and the Pacific, belonging to the family Pandanaceae. The genus was named for Admiral Louis de Freycinet, a 19th-century French explorer...
, and Sararanga
Sararanga
Sararanga is a genus of flowering plants with two species originating from the Philippines to New Guinea. It belongs to the family Pandanaceae. They occurring in the northern part of New Guinea, in Bismarck Archipelago and Solomon Islands...
genus in the Pandanaceae
Pandanaceae
Pandanaceae is a family of flowering plants native to the tropics of the Old World. Such a family has been widely recognized by taxonomists.Pandanaceae are trees or climbing or scrambling shrubs distributed in the Old World tropics and are adapted from sea level in salted beaches to mountain cloud...
family. Species included in kind Martellidendron were extracted from the type of Pandanus in 2003 on the basis of phylogenetic studies of pandanaceae family, which showed that Pandan is a kind of bifiletic, and highlighted in the subgenus Martellidendron is actually a sister kind. It has extracte of this subgenus in a separate type of secured monofiletic kind Pandanaceae.
the Pandanaceae are an ancient family of dioecious monocots dating from the early to mid-Cretaceous, and consists of four genera: Martellidendron, Sararanga, Freycinetia and Pandanus. An analysis efectuated on clade Pandanaceae with DNA sequences in order to elucidate intergeneric relationships within the family, results in shown that Pandanus, as is circumscribed, is biphyletic, members of the Indian Ocean Martellidendron are a sister subgenus of Indo-Malesia Freycinetia gendus in a clade that includes Sararanga Malesian genus, and that the other members of Pandanus separately formed another clade. Martellidendron is thus recognized as a distinct genus, leaving a monophyletic Pandanus. Martellidendron comprises seven species. The high degree of morphological differentiation of four Pandanaceae genus suggests that rapid radiation occurred early as seen in other groups of monocots. The molecular data also suggest that different lineages of Pandanaceae in the Indian Ocean basin are likely the result of both vicariance
Vicariance
Vicariance is a process by which the geographical range of an individual taxon, or a whole biota, is split into discontinuous parts by the formation of a physical barrier to gene flow or dispersal. Vicariance of whole biotas occurs following large-scale geophysical events such as the uplift of a...
and the latest step by step long-distance dispersal from Asia across the Indian Ocean, for example, species monocarpellate spiniform in the lowlands of eastern Madagascar.
Morphology
The trees reach a height of 20 meters. Plants form aerial roots at the base of the trunk-branches.Flowers unisex, gathered in panicles complex. Single-chamber ovaries. Fruit
Fruit
In broad terms, a fruit is a structure of a plant that contains its seeds.The term has different meanings dependent on context. In non-technical usage, such as food preparation, fruit normally means the fleshy seed-associated structures of certain plants that are sweet and edible in the raw state,...
s are berries, with seeds
SEEDS
SEEDS is a voluntary organisation registered under the Societies Act of India....
numerous, with a thick shell.
Systematics
According to Angiosperm Phylogeny WebsiteAngiosperm Phylogeny Website
Angiosperm Phylogeny Website is a well-known web site dedicated to research on Angiosperm phylogeny and taxonomy.The site is hosted by the Missouri Botanical Garden website and maintained by researcher Peter F. Stevens, who is a member of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group...
(updated APG system III of 2009) belongs to the family type (Pandanaceae), in the line (' 'Pandanales) belonging to the monocots
Species
- Martellidendron androcephalanthos (MartelliMartelliMartelli may refer to:People* Alex Martelli , Italian computer scientist* Carlo Martelli , English composer* Claudio Martelli , Italian politician* Esmond Martelli , Irish rugby union player...
) Callm. & Chassot, Taxon 52: 756 (2003). - Martellidendron cruciatum (Pic.Serm.) Callm. & Chassot, Taxon 52: 756 (2003).
- Martellidendron gallinarum (Callm.) Callm., Taxon 52: 756 (2003).
- Martellidendron hornei (Balf.f.) Callm. & Chassot, Taxon 52: 756 (2003).
- Martellidendron karaka (MartelliMartelliMartelli may refer to:People* Alex Martelli , Italian computer scientist* Carlo Martelli , English composer* Claudio Martelli , Italian politician* Esmond Martelli , Irish rugby union player...
) Callm., Taxon 52: 756 (2003). - Martellidendron kariangense (Huynh) Callm., Taxon 52: 756 (2003).
- Martellidendron masoalense (Laivao & Callm.) Callm. & Chassot, Taxon 52: 756 (2003).