The Marlin Model 336 is a lever-action

Lever-action

Lever-action is a type of firearm action which uses a lever located around the trigger guard area, to load fresh cartridges into the chamber of the barrel when the lever is worked. Most lever-action firearms are rifles, but lever-action shotguns and a few pistols have also been made...

 carbine

Carbine

A carbine , from French carabine, is a longarm similar to but shorter than a rifle or musket. Many carbines are shortened versions of full rifles, firing the same ammunition at a lower velocity due to a shorter barrel length....

 made by Marlin Firearms

Marlin Firearms

Marlin Firearms Co., formerly of North Haven, Connecticut, is a manufacturer of high power, center fire, lever action, and .22 caliber rimfire rifles. In the past, the company made shotguns, derringers and revolvers...

. It is most often chambered in .30-30 Winchester

.30-30 Winchester

The .30-30 Winchester/.30 Winchester Center Fire/7.62×51mmR cartridge was first marketed in early 1895 for the Winchester Model 1894 lever-action rifle. The .30-30 , as it is most commonly known, was the USA's first small-bore, sporting rifle cartridge designed for smokeless powder. The .30-30 is...

 or .35 Remington

.35 Remington

The .35 Remington is the only remaining cartridge from Remington's lineup of medium power rimless cartridges still in commercial production. Introduced in 1906, it was originally chambered for the Remington Model 8 semi-automatic rifle in 1908.-History:...

, though it has also been chambered in several other cartridges over the years.
The carbine's precursor was the Model 1936 (later renamed the Model 36), which traces its development to the Marlin Model of 1893. The Model 36 was heavier than the Winchester 94

Winchester Model 1894

Winchester Model 1894 is a lever-action rifle which became one of the most famous and popular hunting rifles...

, which was then the dominant lever action hunting rifle.