Marengo (département)
Encyclopedia
Marengo is the name of a département of the consulate
and of the First French Empire
in present Italy
. It was named after the Marengo ("Marengh" in piedmontese
) plain near Alessandria
to commemorate the Battle of Marengo (1800)
. The capital was Alessandria
and the other principal cities were Asti
, Bobbio
, Casale Monferrato
, Tortona
and Voghera
. The department was suppressed following the defeat of Napoleon in 1814 and the restoration of his Piedmontese territories to the King of Sardinia.
It was formed in 1802 when Napoleon Bonaparte occupied Piedmont
. Initially it comprised the former Piedmontese provinces of Alessandria
, Casale, Tortona, Voghera and Bobbio. Following the annexation of the Ligurian Republic
to France in 1805, Voghera, Bobbio and Tortona passed to the newly created Department of Genoa, while the Department of Marengo acquired Asti
, previously in the Department of Tanaro. The subsequent territorial organisation of the department was as follows:
Arrondissement
of Alessandria
Arrondissement of Asti
Arrondissement of Casale
The division was included within the 28th military division, the 16th cohort of the légion d'honneur
, the 29th conservation des forêts, the Diocese of Casale, the sénatorerie
of Turin
and the court of appeal of Genoa
. It elected three deputies to the Corps législatif
of the First Empire.
In 1810 it covered an area of 348,261 hectares and had a population of 318,447.
French Consulate
The Consulate was the government of France between the fall of the Directory in the coup of 18 Brumaire in 1799 until the start of the Napoleonic Empire in 1804...
and of the First French Empire
First French Empire
The First French Empire , also known as the Greater French Empire or Napoleonic Empire, was the empire of Napoleon I of France...
in present Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
. It was named after the Marengo ("Marengh" in piedmontese
Piedmontese language
Piedmontese is a Romance language spoken by over 2 million people in Piedmont, northwest Italy. It is geographically and linguistically included in the Northern Italian group . It is part of the wider western group of Romance languages, including French, Occitan, and Catalan.Many European and...
) plain near Alessandria
Alessandria
-Monuments:* The Citadel * The church of Santa Maria di Castello * The church of Santa Maria del Carmine * Palazzo Ghilini * Università del Piemonte Orientale-Museums:* The Marengo Battle Museum...
to commemorate the Battle of Marengo (1800)
Battle of Marengo (1800)
The Battle of Marengo was fought on 14 June 1800 between French forces under Napoleon Bonaparte and Austrian forces near the city of Alessandria, in Piedmont, Italy...
. The capital was Alessandria
Alessandria
-Monuments:* The Citadel * The church of Santa Maria di Castello * The church of Santa Maria del Carmine * Palazzo Ghilini * Università del Piemonte Orientale-Museums:* The Marengo Battle Museum...
and the other principal cities were Asti
Asti
Asti is a city and comune of about 75,000 inhabitants located in the Piedmont region of northwestern Italy, about 55 kilometres east of Turin in the plain of the Tanaro River...
, Bobbio
Bobbio
Bobbio is a small town and commune in the province of Piacenza in Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy. It is located in the Trebbia River valley southwest of the town Piacenza. There is also an abbey and a diocese of the same name...
, Casale Monferrato
Casale Monferrato
Casale Monferrato, population 36,058, is a town and comune in the Piedmont region of north-west Italy, part of the province of Alessandria. It is situated about 60 km east of Turin on the right bank of the Po, where the river runs at the foot of the Montferrato hills. Beyond the river lies the...
, Tortona
Tortona
Tortona is a comune of Piemonte, in the Province of Alessandria, Italy. Tortona is sited on the right bank of the Scrivia between the plain of Marengo and the foothills of the Ligurian Apennines.-History:...
and Voghera
Voghera
thumb|250px|The Castle of Voghera in a 19th century etching.Voghera is a town and comune of Lombardy, Italy, in the province of Pavia...
. The department was suppressed following the defeat of Napoleon in 1814 and the restoration of his Piedmontese territories to the King of Sardinia.
It was formed in 1802 when Napoleon Bonaparte occupied Piedmont
Piedmont
Piedmont is one of the 20 regions of Italy. It has an area of 25,402 square kilometres and a population of about 4.4 million. The capital of Piedmont is Turin. The main local language is Piedmontese. Occitan is also spoken by a minority in the Occitan Valleys situated in the Provinces of...
. Initially it comprised the former Piedmontese provinces of Alessandria
Province of Alessandria
The Province of Alessandria is an Italian province, with a population of some 430,000, which forms the southeastern part of the region of Piedmont. The provincial capital is the city of Alessandria....
, Casale, Tortona, Voghera and Bobbio. Following the annexation of the Ligurian Republic
Ligurian Republic
The Ligurian Republic was a short-lived French client republic formed by Napoleon on 14 June 1797. It consisted of the old Republic of Genoa which covered most of the Ligurian region of Northwest Italy, and the small Imperial fiefs owned by the House of Savoy inside its territory...
to France in 1805, Voghera, Bobbio and Tortona passed to the newly created Department of Genoa, while the Department of Marengo acquired Asti
Asti
Asti is a city and comune of about 75,000 inhabitants located in the Piedmont region of northwestern Italy, about 55 kilometres east of Turin in the plain of the Tanaro River...
, previously in the Department of Tanaro. The subsequent territorial organisation of the department was as follows:
Arrondissement
Arrondissement
Arrondissement is any of various administrative divisions of France, certain other Francophone countries, and the Netherlands.-France:The 101 French departments are divided into 342 arrondissements, which may be translated into English as districts. The capital of an arrondissement is called a...
of Alessandria
- cantonsCantons of FranceThe cantons of France are territorial subdivisions of the French Republic's 342 arrondissements and 101 departments.Apart from their role as organizational units in certain aspects of the administration of public services and justice, the chief purpose of the cantons today is to serve as...
of FelizzanoFelizzanoFelizzano is a comune in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 km southeast of Turin and about 15 km west of Alessandria...
, ValenzaValenzaValenza is a comune in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 80 km east of Turin and about 11 km north of Alessandria.-History:...
, CastellazzoCastellazzo BormidaCastellazzo Bormida is a comune in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 km southeast of Turin and about 8 km southwest of Alessandria...
, CassineCassineCassine is a town and commune of the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont. It is located 21 km southwest of the town of Alessandria on the left of the lower course of the Bormida in the Alto Monferrato Acquese. The town lies partly in the hills, where the ancient nucleus of...
, SezzéSezzadioSezzadio is a comune in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 80 km southeast of Turin and about 15 km south of Alessandria....
, BoscoBosco MarengoBosco Marengo is a town and comune in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 80 km southeast of Turin and about 12 km southeast of Alessandria....
;
Arrondissement of Asti
- cantons of CocconatoCocconatoCocconato is a comune in the Province of Asti in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 25 km east of Turin and about 25 km northwest of Asti...
, CastelnuovoCastelnuovo CalceaCastelnuovo Calcea is a comune in the Province of Asti in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 km southeast of Turin and about 15 km southeast of Asti.-Main sights:*Parish church, built in the late 17th century...
, MontafiaMontafiaMontafia is a comune in the Province of Asti in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 25 km southeast of Turin and about 15 km northwest of Asti...
, Villanova d'AstiVillanova d'AstiVillanova d'Asti is a town and comune in the province of Asti, Piedmont, northern Italy. It has around 5,000 inhabitants. The economy is based on a mixture of agriculture and industry.Villanova d'Asti was founded in the Middle Ages....
, MontechiaroMontechiaro d'AstiMontechiaro d'Asti is a town and comune in the Province of Asti in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 35 km east of Turin and about 13 km northwest of Asti....
, TiglioleTiglioleTigliole is a comune in the Province of Asti in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 35 km southeast of Turin and about 9 km west of Asti...
, San DamianoSan Damiano d'AstiSan Damiano d'Asti is a comune in the Province of Asti in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 40 km southeast of Turin and about 13 km southwest of Asti.-History:...
, PortacomaroPortacomaroPortacomaro is a comune in the Province of Asti in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 45 km southeast of Turin and about 7 km northeast of Asti. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,976 and an area of 10.9 km².Portacomaro borders the following municipalities:...
, Rocca d'ArazzoRocca d'ArazzoRocca d'Arazzo is a comune in the Province of Asti in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 50 km southeast of Turin and about 8 km southeast of Asti....
, CostiglioleCostigliole d'AstiCostigliole d’Asti is a small Italian town in the Province of Asti, southern Piedmont. It lies about 13 km south of the city of Asti in the Alto Monferrato, on the edge of the Langhe, in the alluvial plain of the river Tanaro southwards into the hills....
, MombercelliMombercelliMombercelli is a comune in the Province of Asti in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 50 km southeast of Turin and about 12 km southeast of Asti...
, CanelliCanelliCanelli is a comune of 10,440 inhabitants in the Province of Asti in the Italian region of Piedmont....
;
Arrondissement of Casale
- cantons of GabianoGabianoGabiano is a rural comune in the north-west of the province of Alessandria, some 25 km west of Casale Monferrato. This area straddles the lowland immediately south of the Po and the furthest extension of the Monferrato hills...
, MoncalvoMoncalvoMoncalvo is a city and comune in the Province of Asti in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 45 km east of Turin and about 15 km northeast of Asti on the national road SS 547 which links Asti to Casale Monferrato and Vercelli...
, PontesturaPontesturaPontestura is a commune with a population of 1,539 in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont...
, RosignanoRosignano MonferratoRosignano Monferrato is a comune in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 km east of Turin and about 25 km northwest of Alessandria...
, TicinetoTicinetoTicineto is a comune in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 km east of Turin and about 20 km north of Alessandria....
, MontemagnoMontemagnoMontemagno is a comune in the Province of Asti in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 50 km east of Turin and about 13 km northeast of Asti...
, San SalvatoreSan Salvatore MonferratoSan Salvatore Monferrato is a comune in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 km east of Turin and about 10 km northwest of Alessandria. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 4,629 and an area of 31.6 km².-Main sights:The tower of the...
.
The division was included within the 28th military division, the 16th cohort of the légion d'honneur
Légion d'honneur
The Legion of Honour, or in full the National Order of the Legion of Honour is a French order established by Napoleon Bonaparte, First Consul of the Consulat which succeeded to the First Republic, on 19 May 1802...
, the 29th conservation des forêts, the Diocese of Casale, the sénatorerie
Sénatorerie
The sénatoreries were the great properties distributed by Napoléon Bonaparte to senators in an implicit exchange for their docility towards his regime, as it became less and less democratic, starting on 4 January 1803...
of Turin
Turin
Turin is a city and major business and cultural centre in northern Italy, capital of the Piedmont region, located mainly on the left bank of the Po River and surrounded by the Alpine arch. The population of the city proper is 909,193 while the population of the urban area is estimated by Eurostat...
and the court of appeal of Genoa
Genoa
Genoa |Ligurian]] Zena ; Latin and, archaically, English Genua) is a city and an important seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria....
. It elected three deputies to the Corps législatif
Corps législatif
The Corps législatif was a part of the French legislature during the French Revolution and beyond. It is also the generic French term used to refer to any legislative body.-History:The Constitution of the Year I foresaw the need for a corps législatif...
of the First Empire.
In 1810 it covered an area of 348,261 hectares and had a population of 318,447.