Mandi Bahauddin
Encyclopedia
Mandi Bahauddin is the capital of Mandi Bahauddin District
Mandi Bahauddin District
Mandi Bahauddin is a district of the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is located at 32°34'60N 73°30'0E and is bounded on the northwest by the Jhelum River, on the South-East by the Chenab River which separates it from Gujranwala District and Gujrat District and on the southwest by Sargodha District...

 in the Punjab
Punjab (Pakistan)
Punjab is the most populous province of Pakistan, with approximately 45% of the country's total population. Forming most of the Punjab region, the province is bordered by Kashmir to the north-east, the Indian states of Punjab and Rajasthan to the east, the Pakistani province of Sindh to the...

 province of Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...

. The town is some 220 metres above the sea level and is situated in upper Punjab, between the rivers Jhelum (north 12 km) and Chenab (south 39 km). Mandi Bahauddin city is situated some 50 km from the M2 - Motorway
M2 motorway (Pakistan)
The M-2 is a motorway in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is 367 km long and connects Lahore with Islamabad. It passes through Kala Shah Kaku, Sheikhupura, Khanqah Dogran,Kot Sarwar, Pindi Bhattian, Salem, Lilla, Kot Momin, Kallar Kahar, Balksar, and Chakri before ending just outside the...

 of Pakistan. The city enjoys all four seasons although the climate is very hot in summer and cold in winter. During the months of June and July, the day temperature mounts up to 45 degree celsius. The winter months are, however, relatively pleasant and the temperature rarely falls below 5 degree celsius. The average rainfall in the district is 700 mm. Main localities (Mohallah
Mahallah
Mahalla or Mahallya or Mohalla is an Arabic language country subdivision or neighbourhood term. Used in the South Asia as Mohalla.* Mahalla * Mahalla * Mahalle * El-Mahalla El-Kubra...

) of the city are Munshi Mohallah, School Mohallah, Gurah Mohallah, Shafqatabad Mohallah, Malikabad and Mohallah 5 Ward. Kot Baloch
Kot Baloch
Kot Balouch is a village in Mandi Bahauddin District, Pakistan, located eight kilometres north of Mandi Bahuddin. It was well known during British rule due to its organized bazaar and local markets which were under the control of the Hindu community....

 is a village 8 kilometres to the north of Mandi Bahauddin.It contain a population of 427000.

Administration

Mandi Bahauddin, the capital of the district, is also the Tehsil
Tehsil
A Tehsil or Tahsil/Tahasil , also known as Taluk and Mandal, is an administrative division of some country/countries of South Asia....

 headquarter. Tehsil Mandi Bahauddin has 27 Union Administrations / Union Councils. The politicians of District Mandi Bahauddin are playing a dynamic role in the national and provincial politics. The district territory consists of 5 Provincial Assembly (PP) and 2 National Assembly (NA) constituencies. A veteran politician, Mr. Nazar Muhammad Gondal, a lawyer and agriculturist by profession and formerly the District Nazim, had been entrusted with the portfolio of the Ministry of Food and Agriculture by the present PPPP government for the first half of its 5-year tenure. People of the district are, at large, skeptical towards the role of local politicians, for they believe that the politicians and the state machinery did not play the role they ought to play in order to solve the problems of Mandi Bahauddin.

Mandi Bahauddin, as a district, boasts the highest number of Civil Judges in the Punjab Province. Moreover, sharp awakening in learning during the last two decades has produced a big number of bureaucrats from Mandi Bahauddin who are serving different government offices nationwide.

Early history

In 1506 C.E. Chief Bahauddin, Sufi Sahib, established a settlement namely Pindi Bahauddin in the north-eastern corner of the region known as "Gondal Bar", after his immigration from Pindi Shah Jahanian to this area. The settlement soon became a center of intense commercial activity, hence named afterwards by the merchants as "Mandi Bahauddin", the Market of Bahauddin. The Urdu word "Mandi" implies "marketplace". The proto-city was later on fortified with 9 main doorways to guard against foreign invasions. The wall intact today was completed in 1946.

However, the recorded history of Mandi Bahauddin goes back to the era before Christ, connecting the region with the historic figure of Alexander the Great. Some 8 km northwest of the modern-day Mandi Bahauddin town, near the plain of village Khiwa on the southern bank of River Jhelum (Greek Hydaspes), the internationally celebrated battle "Battle of the Hydaspes River
Battle of the Hydaspes River
The Battle of the Hydaspes River was fought by Alexander the Great in 326 BC against King Porus of the Hindu Paurava kingdom on the banks of the Hydaspes River in the Punjab near Bhera in what is now modern-day Pakistan...

" was fought between Raja Porus (Sanskrit Paurava) and Alexander the Great. This historic battle of Hydaspes River, which Indian sources refer to as the "Battle of Jhelum", took place in 326 BCE. The kingdom of Raja Porus was situated in the northern Punjab of modern Pakistan. This battle proved the last major fight of Alexander's career, for the Macedonians, after being put up a fierce resistance by Porus' soldiery and having heard of a massive 4,000 elephant force mustered by eastern kingdoms, refused to march further east i.e. Ganges Plains.

On the first day of the battle, Prince Harry Roy, the son of Raja Porus, was killed at about the mid-day in a combat that lasted for a short while before the main battle started. On the same day, the beloved horse (Bucephalus
Bucephalus
Bucephalus or Bucephalas was Alexander the Great's horse and one of the most famous actual horses of antiquity. Ancient accounts state that Bucephalus died after the Battle of the Hydaspes in 326 BC, in what is now modern Pakistan, and is buried in Jalalpur Sharif outside of Jhelum, Pakistan...

) of Alexander the Great also died receiving a mortal wound from one of Porus' arrows, as the famous Hollywood film "Alexander" also shows. After the death of his son, Raja Porus (initially stationed at Nazampur in the rear) came all out with 200 Elephants, 300 chariots, 4,000 cavalry and 30,000 infantry and put up a stiff resistance to Alexander's formidable force. This main battle was fought on the southern bank of the River Jhelum, modern day Mandi Bahauddin. As a result of this battle, the kingdom of Raja Porus fell to Macedonians. Injured Raja Porus was presented before Alexander in a fainting state; Alexander, being proud of his victory, asked Raja Porus a famous question that went down in the annals of history as "Answer of Porus". Alexander asked Porus: "How do you expect to be treated?", whereupon Porus uttered his historic words: "As a king ought to be!" Surprised Alexander was so impressed by his audacity that he not only forgave Porus, but also returned him his kingdom and declared him his chief ally.

After the battle, Alexander laid down the foundations of three cities in the modern-day Mandi Bahauddin district: "Nicaea" (Victory), near modern-day Mong
Mong, Punjab
Mong or Mung is a town and Union Council of Mandi Bahauddin District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is located at at an altitude of 217 metres ....

, "Bucephalus", after his horse's name at the site of modern-day Phalia, and "Helena", after the famous Greek legend of "Helen of Troy". All three cities are still intact. Further south in what is today Wazir Abad, the cutlery industry has its unique honor to have sharpened and prepared the swords of this great Invader.

Another historic battle of Mandi Bahauddin was fought in 1739-40 near the modern traffic site of "Satt Sira". Although no concrete historical record is available for the Battle of Satt Sira, this battle has come down in oral traditions as a legendary tale of valor and bravery. Reportedly, the Alliance of the 3-Sohawa villages (Sohawa Dillo Ana, Sohawa Bolani, Sohawa Jamlani) put up fierce resistance to one of the main contingents of Afghan Army led by Nader Shah Durrani. Nader Shah was not present in person with the contingent, which had stationed near Satt Sira. The Sohawa Alliance, under the generalship of legendary figure Dillo, managed to defeat and divert the pressure of Nader Shah's formidable force, which soon afterwards sacked Delhi. On this redemption, some anonymous local "Marasi" poet of the day spoke up:

"The combat between Dillo and the victor of Delhi (took place),"

"The one from the lineage of Lion (Dillo) came out victorious."

British Era

Mandi Bahauddin came under British rule
British Raj
British Raj was the British rule in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947; The term can also refer to the period of dominion...

 in the nineteenth century. The city is only 34 km southwest of Chillianwala
Chillianwala
Chellianwala is a town and union council of Mandi Bahauddin District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is located at 32°39'0N 73°36'0E at an altitude of 218 metres and lies to the north-east of the district capital Mandi Bahauddin...

, the site of the famous Battle of Chillianwala
Battle of Chillianwala
The Battle of Chillianwala was fought during the Second Anglo-Sikh War in the Chillianwala region of Punjab, now part of modern-day Pakistan. The battle was one of the bloodiest fought by the British East India Company. Both armies held their positions at the end of the battle and both sides...

/The Second Sikh War
Second Anglo-Sikh War
The Second Anglo-Sikh War took place in 1848 and 1849, between the Sikh Empire and the British East India Company. It resulted in the subjugation of the Sikh Empire, and the annexation of the Punjab and what subsequently became the North-West Frontier Province by the East India Company.-Background...

, fought between the British East India Company and the Khalsa Sikh Army. The British commander in the battle was General Sir Hugh Gough, who was later on replaced with General Charles James Napier. The city fell to the British in 1849 as the Sikhs were defeated in this decisive combat and the whole Sikh kingdom, consisting of modern Punjab and Khyber Pakhtoonkha provinces, was annexed to the British East India Company same year.

The population grew considerably in the early 20th century near the old village site [Chak No. 51], where Sikh, Hindu and Muslim businessmen and landowners came to settle. The town was named Mandi Bahauddin after the establishment of a grain market in the area (Mandi means "market" in Urdu). During the British rule, in 1916, the Pindi Bahauddin Railway station was built to connect the town with other major cities via Lala Musa Railway Junction. It was a time when the British were building railway tracks across the Subcontinent and introducing modern and essential public-use equipments in their best interest. The Railway System was introduced and laid down to defend their Empire from the North. Partly due to the reason quoted above and partly due to its geographical position, it was called North-Western Railway (NWR).

Chak Bandi was founded by Sir Malcum Heley and approximately 51 Chaks were settled and notified. In these 51 Chaks, the land was awarded to the people who were loyal to the British Empire and had worked for the British interests. Chak 51 became the centre of this newly established town. The map of this Chak was made by John Alam. A famous grain market was set up in the center of the Chak. Soon afterwards, Chak No. 51 was called Mandi-Bahauddin. In 1920 this name was notified. In 1924 Pindi-Bahauddin Railway station was also notified the above mentioned name. In 1937 when Mandi-Bahauddin was town, it was given the status of a town committee. In 1941, the town was given the status of a Municipal Committee. In the master plan for the reconstruction of the town, in 1923, all of the streets and roads were laid straight and wide. In 1946, nine gates and a fortification wall surrounding the whole town, belated due to riots, was completed.

After Independence

After the 1947 partition
Partition of India
The Partition of India was the partition of British India on the basis of religious demographics that led to the creation of the sovereign states of the Dominion of Pakistan and the Union of India on 14 and 15...

 when the Sikhs and the Hindus migrated to India, many Muslims from Indian Punjab and other provinces migrated to Mandi Bahauddin and settled here. In 1960, the city was given the status of Sub-Division in District Gujrat.

In 1963, the Rasul Barrage and Rasul-Qadirabad Link Canal project under the Indus Basin Irrigation Project started. The project was managed by WAPDA, and a large colony for government employees and foreign contractors was constructed 2 kilometers north of Mandi Bahauddin city. This project was completed in 1968 by Engineer Riazur Rahman Shariff as the Project Director. This project brought Mandi Bahauddin into limelight and helped the city grow commercially.

In 1993, Mian Manzoor Ahmed Wattoo, then Chief Minister of Punjab, announced and notified Mandi Bahauddin city as the District H.Q. of the new district of Mandi Bahauddin.

The Tehsil
Tehsil
A Tehsil or Tahsil/Tahasil , also known as Taluk and Mandal, is an administrative division of some country/countries of South Asia....

 headquarters towns of Phalia
Phalia
Phalia is a city in Mandi Bahauddin District, Punjab, Pakistan. The population of Phalia was calculated to be 25,914 in 2007 .-History:...

 and Malikwal
Malikwal
Malikwal is a village of Mandi Bahauddin District in the Punjab province of Pakistan.-References:...

 are 22.5 and 28.5 kilometres from Mandi Bahauddin, respectively.

Culture

Mandi Bahauddin city remains a cultural mix up of old and modern tendencies. The city enjoyed its purely agrarian and mercantile culture before the Partition of India in 1947. The local Jat culture, an offshoot of Punjabi culture, however, received a heavy influence of central Indian culture with the migrants reaching Mandi Bahauddin from different parts of India after the Partition. Today, Urdu and Punjabi are the two widely spoken and understood languages of the city, whereas a goodly number of individuals understand and speak English.

Mandi Bahauddin was home to three diverse religious communities before the Partition, Muslims, Hindus and Sikhs. The simultaneous existence of all three religions promoted the air of coexistence and religious tolerance and the city continued to grow in relative peace. Even today, Hindu and Sikh temples and the old buildings evacuated by the Hindus and Sikhs can be seen in the length and breadth of the city.

A vibrant diaspora of half a million represents Mandi Bahauddin all over the globe, particularly in USA, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Greece and Gulf States. Mandi Bahauddin underwent unprecedented modernization from the year 2000 to 2010, which was, in turn, a result of outstanding business growth witnessed by the city during the decade. Plaza states rapidly emerged with superstores and multinationals owing to a heavy influx of money from other countries. Remittances sent by expatriates have been the lifeline of the city over the years and the city life still owes its prosperity and profundity to these remittances. As a natural result of prosperity, the city doubled its size within the same decade giving a supreme boost to real state industry.

Today, Mandi Bahauddin district boasts a huge number of civil servants and judges serving far and wide in the country. This improvement has greatly changed the local culture shifting from a purely agrarian to a business and bourgeois society.

Industry

Shahtaj Sugar Mills is a Public Limited Company located about 2 km west of the city. It stretches on an area of more than 20 acre (0.0809372 km²) and has its sub-offices in Lahore and Karachi. Shahtaj Sugar Mills is one of the largest sugar plants in the country. The other major private sector factory in Mandi Bahauddin is Phalia Sugar Mills, situated southeast of Phalia city. Phalia Sugar Mills is owned by the Gujrat-based prominent political family of the country, "Chaudhri Brothers": Chaudhri Shujaat Hussain, the head of the family, once being the Prime Minister of the country.

The other industry of District Mandi Bahauddin includes assorted Kino Polishing Industry, Flour Grinding & Storing Mills, Rice Mills and Malikwal Textile Mills Kuthiala.

International, National Organizations and Intellectual Activity

Bab-ul-Ilm Research Foundation, abbreviated as BIRF, is a Pakistan-based international educational, research and interfaith harmony-building organization. BIRF has its headquarters at Mandi Bahauddin. BIRF was founded by the young Pakistani writer and emerging scholar of comparative religions Syed Muhammad Waqas in 2009. Mandi Bahauddin is his hometown. The idea of founding Bab-ul-Ilm Research Foundation Network was conceived in 2008 when he was serving as "Lecturer of Indian Studies" in Kosovo. Since its creation, BIRF has embarked upon a number of educational, humanitarian and research projects. BIRF published its magnum opus What Quran Says: A Modern Reconstruction in 2009, which is written by Syed Muhammad Waqas. Moreover, BBC Urdu national bestseller (2010) was the book 21 December 2012: Kaa'inat Qiyaamat Ki Dehleez Par? written by BIRF General Secretary Sahibzada Abdur Rasheed and published in January 2010.

Recent research work published at WORDLDCOMP – The 2011 Word Congress in Computer Science, Computer Engineering and Applied Computing Las Vegas, Nevada, USA under the title “Formal Modeling of Navigation System of Autonomous Mobile Robots Using Graphs, Automata and Z” which is written by Javed Iqbal.He Also presented the presentation at 10th international Pure Mathematics Conference 2009, under the title “Navigation of Mobile Robot Population Using Automata Integrated with Formal Methods"

Recently research work accepted in 12th international pure mathematical conference (QAU Islamabad) and also presented by young Ph.D scholar
Mr.Naeem Saleem. The topic of the his research paper was "On the critical group of the family of C_m V P_2",in his paper he generalized the noddle curves and also find a way of critical group associated with graphs.

Other Mandi Bahauddin-based organizations of note include Farabi Foundation (FF), Daa'im Iqbal Academy, Lasani Educational Society and Sarbuland Society of Pakistan. Sarbuland Society of Pakistan boasts a nationwide network of free medical services (Homeopathy) with its headquarter at "Khursheed Memorial Homeopathic Medical College" at King Road, Mandi Bahauddin.

Schools & Colleges

  • Beaconhouse School System (Pakistan)
    Beaconhouse School System (Pakistan)
    Beaconhouse School System in Pakistan is the branch of a company with same name. It is a group of private fee-paying academic institutions located throughout 30 cities in Pakistan...

  • District Jinnah Public School And College
    District Jinnah Public School And College Mandi Bhauldin
    District Jinnah Public School and College Mandi Bahauddin is a semi-private school located in Mandi Bahauddin, Punjab, Pakistan. It is administered by the district government of Mandi Bahauddin District although it has an independent Board of Governors.The school offers education from pre-school...

  • IIUI Schools, Phalia Campus
    IIUI Schools, Phalia Campus
    IIUI Schools, Phalia Campus , located in Phalia, District Mandi Bahauddin, is part of the IIUI Schools nationwide network launched by International Islamic University, Islamabad in 2010 on occasion of its Silver Jubilee...

  • Ali Public Secondary School, Kot Ahmad Shah.
  • Al Karam Modle School
  • Al-Noor Public Higher Secondary School
  • Aziz Bbatti School, Wasu
  • Bab-ul-Ilm Public School, Sohawa Dillo Ana
  • City science academy
  • Dar-e-Arqam School
  • Falcon Public School, Munshi Mohallah
  • Farabi College, Phalia
  • Faran Public Model High School, Arshad Town
  • Fatima Jinnah Girls College
  • Gate Way Public School, Kot Ahmed Shah
  • Govt. College of Commerce
  • Govt. College of Technology, Rasul
  • Govt. Pilot Secondary School, Phalia
  • Govt. Girls High School, Miana Gondal
  • Govt. High School, Miana Gondal
  • Govt. High school, Rukkan
  • Govt. Postgraduate College
  • Govt. Elementary School, Herdo Bohat
  • Govt. High School, Chround
  • Govt. High School, Mangat
  • Govt. High School, Saida Sharif
  • Govt. High School, Sohawa Bolani
  • Govt. High School, Wasu
  • Govt. Higher secondery school, Dhok kasib
    Dhok Kasib
    Dhoke Kasib is a village and Union Council of Mandi Bahauddin District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is situated 20 km south east of the district capital - Mandi Bahauddin and 4 km south of the famous town of Chillianwala. The population of Dhok Kasib is about 8,000...

  • Govt. M.B. High School
  • Govt. M. High School, Chak No 40
  • Govt. Sir Syed High School
  • Govt. Boys High school Mong
    Mong, Punjab
    Mong or Mung is a town and Union Council of Mandi Bahauddin District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is located at at an altitude of 217 metres ....

  • Govt. Girls Higher Secondary school, Mong
    Mong, Punjab
    Mong or Mung is a town and Union Council of Mandi Bahauddin District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is located at at an altitude of 217 metres ....

  • Govt. High School, Chak no 14
  • Govt. High School, Kuthiala Shikhan
  • Govt. Primary School, Dhoke Jouri
  • Govt. High School, Chak No.1
  • Oriental institute of technology
  • Pakistan College of Technology
  • Pioneer Model School, Makkaywall
  • Punjab College
  • Punjab Computer College
  • Quaid_e_Azam Science College
  • Rangers Public School & College
  • Rural Health Center, Miana Gondal
  • Shahtaj Model High School For Girls
  • Sir Syed Public Model High School
  • Standerd Science Academy
  • Taameer-e-Millat High School
  • The Defodils Schooling system
  • The Lahore Lyceum
  • The Scholars Inn Model School Alvi Chowk
  • Trust College of Commerce
  • Vocational Training Institute, Mong
    Mong, Punjab
    Mong or Mung is a town and Union Council of Mandi Bahauddin District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is located at at an altitude of 217 metres ....

  • The Motivators school, Makkaywal & Phalia

External links


The Usman High school
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