MIL-STD-188
Encyclopedia
MIL-STD-188 is a series of U.S. military standards relating to telecommunication
s.
looked to develop a series of standards that would alleviate the problem.
By 1988, the U.S. Department of Defense
(DoD) issued Instruction 4630.8 (reissued in 1992, 2002, 2004) stating its policy that “all forces for joint and combined operations be supported through compatible, interoperable
, and integrated Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence systems. …[and that all such] systems developed for use by U.S. forces are considered to be for joint use.” To achieve this the director of the Defense Information Systems Agency
(DISA) is charged with “developing information technology standards to achieve interoperability and compatibility…[and insure that all] systems and equipment shall conform to technical and procedural standards for interface, interoperability, and compatibility”.
The MIL-STD-188 standards were created to “address telecommunication design parameters based on proven technologies.” To ensure interoperability, DISA made these standards mandatory for use in all new DoD systems and equipment, or major upgrades.
, but as it was revised (MIL-STD-188A, MIL-STD-188B) it became a document applicable to tactical communications
only (MIL-STD-188C 24 Nov 1969). The Defense Information Systems Agency
published circulars which announced both standards and engineering criteria relating to the long-haul Defense Communications System and to the technical support of the Worldwide Military Command and Control System
. In line with a decision by the Joint Chiefs of Staff
, these standards are published in the MIL-STD-188 series of documents. This series is subdivided into "a MIL-STD-188-100 series covering common standards for tactical and long-haul communications, a MIL-STD-188-200 series covering standards for tactical communications only, and a MIL-STD-188-300 series covering standards for long-haul communications only."
The MIL-STD-188 series standards are encompassed by the DoD’s Joint Technical Architecture.
(ANSI) standards, International Telecommunications Union - Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) recommendations, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Standardization Agreements (STANAG), and other standards wherever applicable.”
The current articles in this series include:
The current articles in this segment include:
The current articles in this series include:
Telecommunication
Telecommunication is the transmission of information over significant distances to communicate. In earlier times, telecommunications involved the use of visual signals, such as beacons, smoke signals, semaphore telegraphs, signal flags, and optical heliographs, or audio messages via coded...
s.
Purpose
Faced with “past technical deficiencies in telecommunications systems and equipment and software…that were traced to basic inadequacies in the application of telecommunication standards and to the lack of a well defined…program for their review, control and implementation”, the U.S. Department of DefenseUnited States Department of Defense
The United States Department of Defense is the U.S...
looked to develop a series of standards that would alleviate the problem.
By 1988, the U.S. Department of Defense
United States Department of Defense
The United States Department of Defense is the U.S...
(DoD) issued Instruction 4630.8 (reissued in 1992, 2002, 2004) stating its policy that “all forces for joint and combined operations be supported through compatible, interoperable
Interoperability
Interoperability is a property referring to the ability of diverse systems and organizations to work together . The term is often used in a technical systems engineering sense, or alternatively in a broad sense, taking into account social, political, and organizational factors that impact system to...
, and integrated Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence systems. …[and that all such] systems developed for use by U.S. forces are considered to be for joint use.” To achieve this the director of the Defense Information Systems Agency
Defense Information Systems Agency
The Defense Information Systems Agency is a United States Department of Defense agency that provides information technology and communications support to the President, Vice President, Secretary of Defense, the military Services, and the Combatant Commands.As part of the Base Realignment and...
(DISA) is charged with “developing information technology standards to achieve interoperability and compatibility…[and insure that all] systems and equipment shall conform to technical and procedural standards for interface, interoperability, and compatibility”.
The MIL-STD-188 standards were created to “address telecommunication design parameters based on proven technologies.” To ensure interoperability, DISA made these standards mandatory for use in all new DoD systems and equipment, or major upgrades.
The mandatory use of these standards will aid significantly in achieving standardization and result in improvements in availability, maintainability, reliability, and supportability. This, in turn, will enhance lifecycle configuration management and logistic support with subsequent reductions in life cycle costs.
Evolution
When first developed Military Standard 188 (MIL-STD-188) covered technical standards for tactical and long-haul communicationsLong-haul communications
In telecommunication, the term long-haul communications has the following meanings:1. In public switched networks, pertaining to circuits that span large distances, such as the circuits in inter-LATA, interstate, and international communications...
, but as it was revised (MIL-STD-188A, MIL-STD-188B) it became a document applicable to tactical communications
Tactical communications
Tactical communications are communications in which information of any kind, especially orders and decisions, are conveyed from one command, person, or place to another within tactical forces. In modern times, this is usually done by electronic means....
only (MIL-STD-188C 24 Nov 1969). The Defense Information Systems Agency
Defense Information Systems Agency
The Defense Information Systems Agency is a United States Department of Defense agency that provides information technology and communications support to the President, Vice President, Secretary of Defense, the military Services, and the Combatant Commands.As part of the Base Realignment and...
published circulars which announced both standards and engineering criteria relating to the long-haul Defense Communications System and to the technical support of the Worldwide Military Command and Control System
Worldwide Military Command and Control System
The Worldwide Military Command and Control System was a military command and control system implemented for the command and control of the United States military. It was created in the days following the Cuban Missile Crisis...
. In line with a decision by the Joint Chiefs of Staff
Joint Chiefs of Staff
The Joint Chiefs of Staff is a body of senior uniformed leaders in the United States Department of Defense who advise the Secretary of Defense, the Homeland Security Council, the National Security Council and the President on military matters...
, these standards are published in the MIL-STD-188 series of documents. This series is subdivided into "a MIL-STD-188-100 series covering common standards for tactical and long-haul communications, a MIL-STD-188-200 series covering standards for tactical communications only, and a MIL-STD-188-300 series covering standards for long-haul communications only."
The MIL-STD-188 series standards are encompassed by the DoD’s Joint Technical Architecture.
Deviations and waivers
For any manufacturer seeking to deviate from the MIL–STD-188 series standards (prior to the manufacture of an item) they must request to do so with the Joint Steering Committee (JSC) which is constituted under the Defense Communications Agency. For any DoD Agency to get a waiver to receive an item that deviates from the standards they also must apply to the JSC.Relation to other systems of standards
According to DoD documents, “The MIL-STD-188 series may be based on, or make reference to, Joint Technical Architecture, American National Standards InstituteAmerican National Standards Institute
The American National Standards Institute is a private non-profit organization that oversees the development of voluntary consensus standards for products, services, processes, systems, and personnel in the United States. The organization also coordinates U.S. standards with international...
(ANSI) standards, International Telecommunications Union - Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) recommendations, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Standardization Agreements (STANAG), and other standards wherever applicable.”
Current development emphasis
Currently the DoD is placing its emphasis “on the development of common standards for tactical and long-haul communications (the MIL-STD-188-100 series).”Documents
Note: The following list of documents are those that are presently active. Documents with three digit numbers followed by a letter of the alphabet indicate that they are revisions of an older version of that document.MIL-STD-188-100 series
According to the DoD the MIL-STD-188-100 series contains “technical standards and design objectives which are common to both the long haul and tactical communications systems.”The current articles in this series include:
- 100 - Common Long Haul and Tactical Communication System Technical Standards
- 105 - Interoperability and Performance Standards for the All Digital Tactical-To-Strategic Gateway
- 110B - Interoperability And Performance Standards For Data Modems (TADIL, Link 11)
- 111A - Interoperability And Performance Standards For Fiber Optic Communications Systems
- 112 - Subsystem Design And Engineering Standards For Common Long Haul Tactical Cable And Wire Communications
- 113 - Interoperability And Performance Standards For Anolog- To- Digital Conversion Techniques
- 114A - Electrical Characteristics of Digital Interface Circuits (can interoperate with RS-422 and RS-423RS-423RS/EIA/TIA-423 is a standard for serial communications. It defines an unbalanced interface , with a single, unidirectional sending driver, and allows for up to 10 receivers . It is normally implemented in integrated circuit technology and can also be employed for the interchange of serial binary...
, but not identical) - 115 - Interoperability And Performance Standards For Communications Timing And Synchronization Subsystems
- 116 - Interoperability Standards For Information And Record Traffic Exchange Mode
- 120 - Military Communication System Standards Terms And Definitions
- 124B - Grounding, Bonding And Shielding For Common Long Haul/Tactical Communication Systems Including Ground Based Communications-Electronics Facilities And Equipments
- 125A - High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP) Protection For Ground-Based Facilities Performing Critical, Time-Urgent Missions
- 136A - Satellite Data Link Standard (Sdls) For Ehf Medium Data Rate (Mdr) Uplinks And Downlinks (U)
- 140A - Equipment Technical Design Standards For Common Long Haul/Tactical Radio Communications In The Low Frequency Band And Lower Frequency Bands
- 141B - Interoperability and Performance Standards for Medium and High Frequency Radio Systems (includes standards for automatic link establishmentAutomatic link establishmentAutomatic Link Establishment, commonly known as ALE, is the worldwide de facto standard for digitally initiating and sustaining HF radio communications. ALE is a feature in an HF communications radio transceiver system, that enables the radio station to make contact, or initiate a circuit, between...
) - 145 - Interoperability And Performance Standards For Digital Line of sight Microwave Radio Equipment
- 146 - Interoperability And Performance Standards For Satellite Communications
- 148B - Interoperability Standard for Anti Jam (Aj) Communications In The High Frequency (2-30 MHz) Band (U)
- 154A - Subsystem, Equipment, And Interface Standards For Common Long Haul And Tactical Telecommunications Control Facilities
- 161D - Interoperability and Performance Standards for Digital Facsimile Equipment
- 164A- Interoperability and Performance Standards for C-Band, X-Band, and Ku-Band SHF Satellite Communications Earth Terminals
- 165A- Interoperability and Performance Standards for SHF Satellite Communications PSK Modems (Fdma Operation)
- 166 - Interface Standard, Interoperability and Performance Standard for SHF SATCOM Link Control
- 167 - Interface Standard, Message Format for SHF SATCOM Link Control
- 168 - Interface Standard, Interoperability and Performance Standards for SHF Satellite Communications Mulitplexers and Demultiplexers
- 171 - Interoperability Standards For Information And Record Traffic Exchange Mode I
- 172 - Interoperability Standards For Information And Record Traffic Exchange Mode Ii
- 173 - Interoperability Standards For Information And Record Traffic Exchange Mode V
- 174 - Interoperability Standards For Information And Record Traffic Exchange Mode Vi
- 176 - Standardized Profile For Asynchronous Transfer Mode (Atm)
- 181B - Advanced Narrowband Digital Voice Terminal (ANDVT) and 56 kbit/s data
- 181C - Interoperability Standard For Access To 5-kHz And 25-kHz Uhf Satellite Communications Channels
- 182B - Interoperability Standard For Uhf Satcom Demand Assigned Multiple AccessDemand Assigned Multiple AccessDemand Assigned Multiple Access is a technology used to assign a channel to clients that don't need to use it constantly. DAMA systems assign communication channels based on requests issued from user terminals to a network control system...
(DAMA) Orderwire Messages And Protocols - 183B - Interoperability Standard For Multiple-Access 5-kHz And 25-kHz Uhf Satellite Communications Channels
- 184 - Interoperability and Performance Standard for the Data Control Waveform
- 185 - Interoperability Uhf Milsatcom DAMA Control System
- 186 - Interoperability Standard For Uhf Satcom Short-Delay Report-Broadcast Service
- 190 - Methods for Communication System Measure
- 194 - Integrated Services Digital Network Profile
- 196 - Bi-Level Image Compression for the National Imagery Transmission FormatNational Imagery Transmission FormatThe National Imagery Transmission Format Standard is a U.S. Department of Defense and Federal Intelligence Community suite of standards for the exchange, storage, and transmission of digital-imagery products and image-related products.DoD policy is that other image formats can be used internally...
Standard - 197A - Adaptive Recursive Interpolated Differential Pulse Code Modulation (Aridpcm) Compression Algorithm For The National Imagery Transmission Format Standard
- 198A - Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEGJPEGIn computing, JPEG . The degree of compression can be adjusted, allowing a selectable tradeoff between storage size and image quality. JPEG typically achieves 10:1 compression with little perceptible loss in image quality....
) Image Compression for the National Imagery Transmission Format Standard - 199 - Vector Quantization Decompression for the National Imagery Transmission Format Standard
MIL-STD-188-200 series
According to the DoD the MIL-STD-188-200 series “contains current tactical communications, technical standards and design objectives…[this series includes] appropriate unclassified design objectives and tactical communications systems technical standards…[and] Appropriate communications-electronics systems standards and design objectives developed under joint projects…[which are] integrated in the tactical communications standards.”The current articles in this segment include:
- 200 - System Design and Engineering Standards For Tactical Communications
- 202 - Interoperability And Performance Standards For Tactical Digital Transmission Groups (Coaxial Cable) For Tactical Communications
- 203 - Interoperability And Performance Standards For Tactical Digital Information Link (Tadil) A
- 212 - Subsystem Design And Engineering Standards For Tactical Digital Information Link (Tadil) B
- 216A - Interoperability Standards For Data Adapter Control Mode
- 220D - Digital Message Transfer Device Subsystems (Combat-net radioCombat-net radioIn telecommunication, a combat-net radio is a radio operating in a network that provides a half-duplex circuit and uses either a single radio frequency or a discrete set of radio frequencies when in a frequency hopping mode....
) - 241 - RF Interface Requirements for VHF Frequency Hopping Tactical Radio Systems
- 242 - Interoperability & Performance Standards For Tactical Single Channel Very High Frequency (Vhf) Radio Equipment
- 243 - Interoperability And Performance Standards For Tactical Single Channel Ultra High Frequency (Uhf) Radio Communications
- 256 - Interoperability And Performance Standards For Digital Signaling And Supervision Of Tactical Communications Systems
- 260 - Design And Engineering Standards For Tactical Terminal Subsystems
MIL-STD-188-300 series
According to the DoD the MIL-STD-188–300 Series contains “communications system standards and design objectives applicable to the field of long haul and point-to–point communications in support of the Defense Communications System (DCS) and the National Military Command System (NMCS), and also to provide the necessary interface with non-DCS equipment.”The current articles in this series include:
- 300 - Standards For Long Haul Communications System Design Standards Applicable To The Defense Communications System
- 310A - Subsystem Design And Engineering Standards For Technical Control Facilities
- 311 - Technical Design Standards For Frequency Division Multiplexers
- 313 - Subsystem Design And Engineering Standards And Equipment Technical Design Standards For Long-Haul Communications Transversing Microwave Line-of-Sight (LOS) Radio And Tropospheric Scatter Radio
- 315 - Subsystem Design/Engineering & Equipment Technical Design Standards For Wire Systems
- 331 - Interoperability and Performance Standard for Video Teleconferencing
- 340 - Equipment Technical Design Standards for Voice Orderwire Multiplex
- 341 - Non-Diversity Digital Data 2400 bits per second
- 342 - Standards for Long Haul Communications Equipment Technical Design Standards for Voice Frequency Carrier Telegraph (FSK)
- 344 - Non-Diversity Digital Data 1200 bits per second
- 346 - Standards for Long Haul Communications-Equipment Technical Design Standards for Analog End Instruments and Central Office Ancillary Devices
- 347 - Equipment Technical Design Standards for Digital End Instruments and Ancillary Device
External links
- Copies of the various MIL-STD-188 documents can be found by searching here.
- HAMRADIO network based on MIL-STD-188-141 http://www.hflink.net/.
- HAMRADIO use of MIL-STD-188-141 http://f4bxw.free.fr/.