Lupaca
Encyclopedia
Lupaca, Lupaka, or Lupaqa responds to a cultural group Aymara
-speaking shores of Lake Titicaca
that emerged after the decline of Tihuanaco maintaining its identity after the imposition of the Inca State or Tawantinsuyu
, even with the Spanish domination. The importance and relevance of this Andean kingdom has been coupled with the work of historians and anthropologists who have examined texts of the colony (visit Garci Diez de S. Miguel, 1562). These texts poses an economic model based on establishing a center of population and power in the Highland Plateau and control through "peripheral neighborhoods" of enclaves of contrasting agroecological use: on the coast (westward) and the valleys to the east. Destaclables are the works of John V. Murra about these characteristics that he calls "a maximum vertical control of ecological stages in the Andean economy" through the "vertical archipelago". Murra (2002 [1975]) raises up to three different ecological zones of control within the economy of the kingdom shortly before the Spanish colonization, a core with Andean tuber crops and livestock camelid, "colonias" along the coast with multiethnic use maize
, wanu or guano
, cotton and coastal products, and other "colonies" multi-ethnic eastern valleys and mountains, with coca crops, timber and forest products.
Aymara language
Aymara is an Aymaran language spoken by the Aymara people of the Andes. It is one of only a handful of Native American languages with over three million speakers. Aymara, along with Quechua and Spanish, is an official language of Peru and Bolivia...
-speaking shores of Lake Titicaca
Lake Titicaca
Lake Titicaca is a lake located on the border of Peru and Bolivia. It sits 3,811 m above sea level, making it the highest commercially navigable lake in the world...
that emerged after the decline of Tihuanaco maintaining its identity after the imposition of the Inca State or Tawantinsuyu
Inca Empire
The Inca Empire, or Inka Empire , was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. The administrative, political and military center of the empire was located in Cusco in modern-day Peru. The Inca civilization arose from the highlands of Peru sometime in the early 13th century...
, even with the Spanish domination. The importance and relevance of this Andean kingdom has been coupled with the work of historians and anthropologists who have examined texts of the colony (visit Garci Diez de S. Miguel, 1562). These texts poses an economic model based on establishing a center of population and power in the Highland Plateau and control through "peripheral neighborhoods" of enclaves of contrasting agroecological use: on the coast (westward) and the valleys to the east. Destaclables are the works of John V. Murra about these characteristics that he calls "a maximum vertical control of ecological stages in the Andean economy" through the "vertical archipelago". Murra (2002 [1975]) raises up to three different ecological zones of control within the economy of the kingdom shortly before the Spanish colonization, a core with Andean tuber crops and livestock camelid, "colonias" along the coast with multiethnic use maize
Maize
Maize known in many English-speaking countries as corn or mielie/mealie, is a grain domesticated by indigenous peoples in Mesoamerica in prehistoric times. The leafy stalk produces ears which contain seeds called kernels. Though technically a grain, maize kernels are used in cooking as a vegetable...
, wanu or guano
Guano
Guano is the excrement of seabirds, cave dwelling bats, and seals. Guano manure is an effective fertilizer due to its high levels of phosphorus and nitrogen and also its lack of odor. It was an important source of nitrates for gunpowder...
, cotton and coastal products, and other "colonies" multi-ethnic eastern valleys and mountains, with coca crops, timber and forest products.