Lounis Ait Menguellet
Encyclopedia
Lounis Aït Menguellet (17 January 1950) was born in Ighil Bouammas
in Tizi Ouzou Province
, is a Berber
singer from Algeria
, who sings in the Berber language (Kabyle
variant). Lounis Aït Menguellet is certainly one of the most popular and charismatic artists of the contemporary Kabyle
music scene.
He is a poet-musician who has become something of a symbol of the Kabyle
demands for recognition. Kabylie
has been the setting for many fierce confrontations. Although Lounis’s songs are frequently about Kabylie
and its history and its present suffering and misery, he is always quick to state that he isn’t a politician and he doesn’t get involved in politics. However, few can deny the political clout of his songs or their political and sometimes very biting and critical messages.
Many critics of Lounis Aït Menguellet's career like to see it as two distinct parts and because that is a generally accepted view it will be the one offered here. The first part is seen as being centred on the production of love songs and nostalgia. Frequently there are references to a lost love. The songs tend to be shorter than he produces today. Typical songs from this period are Thalt Ayam (Three Days) and Tayri (Love). The second part of his career is characterised by longer songs which demand close reading and interpretation – for example the beautiful and tragic Akw nikhdaa rebbi (Be cursed).
, on the occasion of his 55th birthday, he said that the artist could only draw people’s attention to their lives and appeal to their consciences. He added that it was still a mission and he didn’t consider himself capable of bringing solutions to the problems.
The latest album is Tawriqt tacebhant - (The Blank Sheet) and was released in August 2010. The title has caused some discussion in Kabyle circles because it is only comparatively recently that Kabyle has become a written language again and many of the older generation don't read and write Kabyle though they do read and write in French. The title song talks about the struggles of writing the poem and how the poet is faced with a blank sheet, he is scared that Inspiration (which is personified) will not meet him on the page. Resigned to failure, he goes outside and finds himself thinking about the nature of his task and he realises that actually what he wants to say is there, he just has to do it. He returns to the blank page and writes the poem which he leaves as an inspiration to everyone else. Whenever we start a new task that we find daunting, the poem will be there as inspiration and guidance.
Tawriqt tacebhant was to contain a Kabyle version of Bob Dylan
's Blowin' in the Wind
. However, versions of the CD circulating in the UK at least, contained the lyrics to the Kabyle version but not the song itself.
, his poetry has universality that transports it beyond the topical protest song to something far more enduring. He talks of situations and conflicts which are only too familiar to those outside of Kabylie
. He may indeed be a poet for Kabylie
but his poetry is at the same time universal and enduring. He incorporates folklore into his songs, using the traditions of the past to make comments about the state of society. For example in urğğaγ win turğğa teryel
(I await the one the ogress waits for) he uses the story of Ali and the Ogress to express comments about the nature of love.
It is this universality that makes it speak to the world. It is difficult to offer an effective parallel for anglophones but the closest is perhaps Bob Dylan
though Lounis’s attitude to the role of the song is perhaps more akin to that of Joan Baez
. Lounis’s culture is an oral one so the song in Kabyle
culture acts more like the newspaper and the leaflet of European protest. Even today when more and more Kabyle
are able to read and write their language rather than reading and writing in French, this aspect is still present in Lounis’s songs. The fact that his songs are now accompanied by the lyrics is an acknowledgement of the new-found written aspect of Kabyle and the presence of the translations indicates that Lounis himself is aware that his poetry has a universal application as well as being a means to publicise the plight of Kabylie
to a wider audience.
If you know this is your path
If you know the goal you seek
Leave, closing the door behind
You won’t return; do not weep
Hear your steps echo in the night
That sound you learn to feel.
Night’s monster follows as of right
One of you must trot at heel
Fear is your guardian or your traitor
To the place you believed once right
Ninety nine bullets and the last awaits you
Voyager of the night.
If the storm decides to spare you
If at the end you too still thrive
Give them the news about us.
Tell them of our wretched lives
One knee bent to the ground so low
Awaiting the decision of its fellow
Time must pass before we know
If it will rise up or the other will follow
Take care at the break of day
It is likely the critical point
Ninety nine bullets and the last awaits you
Voyager of the night.
If you stand at the end then tell them
All that has been reckoned so far
How the saints still listen to our hymn
But refuse to answer our prayers
But still we wait here patiently
For their benediction’s return
Just as the hands fall in final blessing
We deny ourselves the proffered response.
Tell them that our hope is sick
And in its frailty will us forget.
Ninety nine bullets and the last awaits you
Voyager of the night.
At that certain point in time
The tempest stole you away
The voice of peace snuffed out.
No one will heed your tale this day
Born in an evening of flame
You live only one short night.
Till darkness swallowed your name
And so you have fallen at dawn
Have died without seeing the sun,
Leaving behind no hope in sight.
Ninety nine bullets and the last falsely takes you
Voyager of the night.
Iboudraren
Iboudraren is a town and commune in Tizi Ouzou Province in northern Algeria....
in Tizi Ouzou Province
Tizi Ouzou Province
Tizi Ouzou is a province in Algeria, named after its capital.-Administrative divisions:The province is divided into 21 districts , which are further divided into 67 communes or municipalities.-Districts:# Aïn El Hammam...
, is a Berber
Berber people
Berbers are the indigenous peoples of North Africa west of the Nile Valley. They are continuously distributed from the Atlantic to the Siwa oasis, in Egypt, and from the Mediterranean to the Niger River. Historically they spoke the Berber language or varieties of it, which together form a branch...
singer from Algeria
Algeria
Algeria , officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria , also formally referred to as the Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of Northwest Africa with Algiers as its capital.In terms of land area, it is the largest country in Africa and the Arab...
, who sings in the Berber language (Kabyle
Kabyle language
Kabyle or Kabylian is a Berber language spoken by the Kabyle people north and northeast of Algeria. Estimates about the number of speakers range from 5 million to about 7 million speakers worldwide, the majority in Algeria.-Classification:The classification of Kabyle is Afro-Asiatic, Berber and...
variant). Lounis Aït Menguellet is certainly one of the most popular and charismatic artists of the contemporary Kabyle
Kabyle people
The Kabyle people are the largest homogeneous Algerian ethno-cultural and linguistical community and the largest nation in North Africa to be considered exclusively Berber. Their traditional homeland is Kabylie in the north of Algeria, one hundred miles east of Algiers...
music scene.
He is a poet-musician who has become something of a symbol of the Kabyle
Kabyle people
The Kabyle people are the largest homogeneous Algerian ethno-cultural and linguistical community and the largest nation in North Africa to be considered exclusively Berber. Their traditional homeland is Kabylie in the north of Algeria, one hundred miles east of Algiers...
demands for recognition. Kabylie
Kabylie
Kabylie or Kabylia , is a region in the north of Algeria.It is part of the Tell Atlas and is located at the edge of the Mediterranean Sea. Kabylia covers several provinces of Algeria: the whole of Tizi Ouzou and Bejaia , most of Bouira and parts of the wilayas of Bordj Bou Arreridj, Jijel,...
has been the setting for many fierce confrontations. Although Lounis’s songs are frequently about Kabylie
Kabylie
Kabylie or Kabylia , is a region in the north of Algeria.It is part of the Tell Atlas and is located at the edge of the Mediterranean Sea. Kabylia covers several provinces of Algeria: the whole of Tizi Ouzou and Bejaia , most of Bouira and parts of the wilayas of Bordj Bou Arreridj, Jijel,...
and its history and its present suffering and misery, he is always quick to state that he isn’t a politician and he doesn’t get involved in politics. However, few can deny the political clout of his songs or their political and sometimes very biting and critical messages.
Many critics of Lounis Aït Menguellet's career like to see it as two distinct parts and because that is a generally accepted view it will be the one offered here. The first part is seen as being centred on the production of love songs and nostalgia. Frequently there are references to a lost love. The songs tend to be shorter than he produces today. Typical songs from this period are Thalt Ayam (Three Days) and Tayri (Love). The second part of his career is characterised by longer songs which demand close reading and interpretation – for example the beautiful and tragic Akw nikhdaa rebbi (Be cursed).
Recordings
Yenna-d Umghar (The Wise Man Has Spoken) is characterised by more complex music and a much more careful presentation of lyrics in Kabyle, French and Arabic with a brief summary in English. The Lounis of Yenna-d Umghar is a far cry from the Lounis of the early work which is now quite hard to come by. The Lounis of Yenna-d Umghar is more perhaps accessible to European ears, at once alien and familiar. It is indeed a beautiful work, made all the more effective once the poetry is understood. When he presented Yenna-d Umghar on 16 January 2005 at the Maison de la Culture, Tizi OuzouTizi Ouzou
Tizi Ouzou is a city in Kabylia, Algeria, where it ranks second in population after Béjaïa. It is the capital and largest city of Tizi Ouzou Province and of Great Kabylia .-Etymology:The name comes from the Kabylian Berber Tizi n Uzezzu and is pronounced Tizuzzu, commonly...
, on the occasion of his 55th birthday, he said that the artist could only draw people’s attention to their lives and appeal to their consciences. He added that it was still a mission and he didn’t consider himself capable of bringing solutions to the problems.
The latest album is Tawriqt tacebhant - (The Blank Sheet) and was released in August 2010. The title has caused some discussion in Kabyle circles because it is only comparatively recently that Kabyle has become a written language again and many of the older generation don't read and write Kabyle though they do read and write in French. The title song talks about the struggles of writing the poem and how the poet is faced with a blank sheet, he is scared that Inspiration (which is personified) will not meet him on the page. Resigned to failure, he goes outside and finds himself thinking about the nature of his task and he realises that actually what he wants to say is there, he just has to do it. He returns to the blank page and writes the poem which he leaves as an inspiration to everyone else. Whenever we start a new task that we find daunting, the poem will be there as inspiration and guidance.
Tawriqt tacebhant was to contain a Kabyle version of Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan is an American singer-songwriter, musician, poet, film director and painter. He has been a major and profoundly influential figure in popular music and culture for five decades. Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s when he was an informal chronicler and a seemingly...
's Blowin' in the Wind
Blowin' in the Wind
"Blowin' in the Wind" is a song written by Bob Dylan and released on his album The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan in 1963. Although it has been described as a protest song, it poses a series of questions about peace, war and freedom...
. However, versions of the CD circulating in the UK at least, contained the lyrics to the Kabyle version but not the song itself.
Poetry
Despite the fact that Lounis continues to sing about the plight of KabylieKabylie
Kabylie or Kabylia , is a region in the north of Algeria.It is part of the Tell Atlas and is located at the edge of the Mediterranean Sea. Kabylia covers several provinces of Algeria: the whole of Tizi Ouzou and Bejaia , most of Bouira and parts of the wilayas of Bordj Bou Arreridj, Jijel,...
, his poetry has universality that transports it beyond the topical protest song to something far more enduring. He talks of situations and conflicts which are only too familiar to those outside of Kabylie
Kabylie
Kabylie or Kabylia , is a region in the north of Algeria.It is part of the Tell Atlas and is located at the edge of the Mediterranean Sea. Kabylia covers several provinces of Algeria: the whole of Tizi Ouzou and Bejaia , most of Bouira and parts of the wilayas of Bordj Bou Arreridj, Jijel,...
. He may indeed be a poet for Kabylie
Kabylie
Kabylie or Kabylia , is a region in the north of Algeria.It is part of the Tell Atlas and is located at the edge of the Mediterranean Sea. Kabylia covers several provinces of Algeria: the whole of Tizi Ouzou and Bejaia , most of Bouira and parts of the wilayas of Bordj Bou Arreridj, Jijel,...
but his poetry is at the same time universal and enduring. He incorporates folklore into his songs, using the traditions of the past to make comments about the state of society. For example in urğğaγ win turğğa teryel
Urgiy
Urğğaγ win turğğa teryel - I await the one the ogress waits for is an early love song by the poet-singer Lounis Ait Menguellet. It is a good example of the state of Lounis’s craft at the time of writing and how he incorporates social comment into Kabyle folklore...
(I await the one the ogress waits for) he uses the story of Ali and the Ogress to express comments about the nature of love.
It is this universality that makes it speak to the world. It is difficult to offer an effective parallel for anglophones but the closest is perhaps Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan is an American singer-songwriter, musician, poet, film director and painter. He has been a major and profoundly influential figure in popular music and culture for five decades. Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s when he was an informal chronicler and a seemingly...
though Lounis’s attitude to the role of the song is perhaps more akin to that of Joan Baez
Joan Baez
Joan Chandos Baez is an American folk singer, songwriter, musician and a prominent activist in the fields of human rights, peace and environmental justice....
. Lounis’s culture is an oral one so the song in Kabyle
Kabyle people
The Kabyle people are the largest homogeneous Algerian ethno-cultural and linguistical community and the largest nation in North Africa to be considered exclusively Berber. Their traditional homeland is Kabylie in the north of Algeria, one hundred miles east of Algiers...
culture acts more like the newspaper and the leaflet of European protest. Even today when more and more Kabyle
Kabyle people
The Kabyle people are the largest homogeneous Algerian ethno-cultural and linguistical community and the largest nation in North Africa to be considered exclusively Berber. Their traditional homeland is Kabylie in the north of Algeria, one hundred miles east of Algiers...
are able to read and write their language rather than reading and writing in French, this aspect is still present in Lounis’s songs. The fact that his songs are now accompanied by the lyrics is an acknowledgement of the new-found written aspect of Kabyle and the presence of the translations indicates that Lounis himself is aware that his poetry has a universal application as well as being a means to publicise the plight of Kabylie
Kabylie
Kabylie or Kabylia , is a region in the north of Algeria.It is part of the Tell Atlas and is located at the edge of the Mediterranean Sea. Kabylia covers several provinces of Algeria: the whole of Tizi Ouzou and Bejaia , most of Bouira and parts of the wilayas of Bordj Bou Arreridj, Jijel,...
to a wider audience.
Sample Lyrics
Voyager of the Night (Imminig gg-id')If you know this is your path
If you know the goal you seek
Leave, closing the door behind
You won’t return; do not weep
Hear your steps echo in the night
That sound you learn to feel.
Night’s monster follows as of right
One of you must trot at heel
Fear is your guardian or your traitor
To the place you believed once right
Ninety nine bullets and the last awaits you
Voyager of the night.
If the storm decides to spare you
If at the end you too still thrive
Give them the news about us.
Tell them of our wretched lives
One knee bent to the ground so low
Awaiting the decision of its fellow
Time must pass before we know
If it will rise up or the other will follow
Take care at the break of day
It is likely the critical point
Ninety nine bullets and the last awaits you
Voyager of the night.
If you stand at the end then tell them
All that has been reckoned so far
How the saints still listen to our hymn
But refuse to answer our prayers
But still we wait here patiently
For their benediction’s return
Just as the hands fall in final blessing
We deny ourselves the proffered response.
Tell them that our hope is sick
And in its frailty will us forget.
Ninety nine bullets and the last awaits you
Voyager of the night.
At that certain point in time
The tempest stole you away
The voice of peace snuffed out.
No one will heed your tale this day
Born in an evening of flame
You live only one short night.
Till darkness swallowed your name
And so you have fallen at dawn
Have died without seeing the sun,
Leaving behind no hope in sight.
Ninety nine bullets and the last falsely takes you
Voyager of the night.
Discography
| Year | Kabyle Title | French Title | English Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1978 | Aεṭar | ||
| 1981 | A lmus-iw | Mon sabre | My sword |
| 1982 | Eṭes eṭes | Dors, dors | Sleep, sleep |
| 1983 | A mmi | Mon fils | To my son |
| 1984 | Eğğet-iyi | Laissez-moi | Leave me |
| 1986 | Asefru | Le poème | The Poem |
| 1987 | Les années d'or | The Golden Years | |
| 1989 | Acimi | Pourquoi ? | Why? |
| 1990 | Avriḍ n ṭemzi (tirga n ṭemzi) | Chemin de jeunesse (rêves de jeunesse) | The way of youth (dreams of youth) |
| 1992 | A kwen-ixḍaε Rebbi | Que Dieu vous maudisse | Be Cursed |
| 1993 | Awal | Mot | Word |
| 1995 | Iminig g iḍ | Le Voyageur de Nuit | Voyageur of the Night |
| 1997 | Siwel-iyi-d tamacahut | Raconte-moi une histoire | Tell me a story |
| 1999 | Inagan (Tiregwa) | Témoins (Ruisseaux) | Witness (Streams) |
| 2002 | Inasen | Dis leur | Tell them |
| 2005 | Yenna-d wemγar | Le sage a dit | The wise-man said |
| 2010 | Tawriqt Tacevhant | La Feuille Blanche | The Blank Sheet |