Loganiaceae
Encyclopedia
Loganiaceae are a family
of flowering plant
s classified in order Gentianales
. The family includes 13 genera
, distributed around the world's tropics.
Earlier treatments of the family have included up to 29 genera. Phylogenetic studies have demonstrated that this broadly defined Loganiaceae was a polyphyletic assemblage, and numerous genera have been removed from Loganiaceae to other families (sometimes in other orders), e.g., Gentianaceae
, Gelsemiaceae
, Plocospermataceae, Tetrachondraceae, Buddlejaceae, and Gesneriaceae
. Some classification schemes, notably Takhtajan
's, break the remaining Loganiaceae even further, into as many as four families; Strychnaceae, Antoniaceae, Spigeliaceae and Loganiaceae. Recent DNA studies of the Gentianales have found strong support for the Loganiaceae (as defined here) as a clade
containing 13 genera.
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...
of flowering plant
Flowering plant
The flowering plants , also known as Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta, are the most diverse group of land plants. Angiosperms are seed-producing plants like the gymnosperms and can be distinguished from the gymnosperms by a series of synapomorphies...
s classified in order Gentianales
Gentianales
Gentianales are an order of flowering plants, included within the asterid group of dicotyledons.The circumscription of Gentiales in the Cronquist system included a broadly defined Loganiaceae , Retziaceae, Gentianaceae, Saccifoliaceae, Apocynaceae, and Asclepiadaceae...
. The family includes 13 genera
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
, distributed around the world's tropics.
Earlier treatments of the family have included up to 29 genera. Phylogenetic studies have demonstrated that this broadly defined Loganiaceae was a polyphyletic assemblage, and numerous genera have been removed from Loganiaceae to other families (sometimes in other orders), e.g., Gentianaceae
Gentianaceae
Gentianaceae are a family of flowering plants of 87 genera and over 1500 species. Flowers are actinomorphic and bisexual with fused sepals and petals. The stamens are attached to the inside of the petals and alternate with the corolla lobes. There is a glandular disk at the base of the gynoecium,...
, Gelsemiaceae
Gelsemiaceae
Gelsemiaceae is a family of flowering plants, belonging to order Gentianales. The family contains only two genera: Gelsemium and Mostuea. Gelsemium has three species, one native to Southeast Asia and southern China and two native to Southeastern United States, Mexico and Central America...
, Plocospermataceae, Tetrachondraceae, Buddlejaceae, and Gesneriaceae
Gesneriaceae
Gesneriaceae is a family of flowering plants consisting of ca. 150 genera and ca. 3,200 species in the Old World and New World tropics and subtropics, with a very small number extending to temperate areas. Many species have colorful and showy flowers and are cultivated as ornamental plants.Most...
. Some classification schemes, notably Takhtajan
Armen Takhtajan
Armen Leonovich Takhtajan or Takhtajian , was a Soviet-Armenian botanist, one of the most important figures in 20th century plant evolution and systematics and biogeography. His other interests included morphology of flowering plants, paleobotany, and the flora of the Caucasus...
's, break the remaining Loganiaceae even further, into as many as four families; Strychnaceae, Antoniaceae, Spigeliaceae and Loganiaceae. Recent DNA studies of the Gentianales have found strong support for the Loganiaceae (as defined here) as a clade
Clade
A clade is a group consisting of a species and all its descendants. In the terms of biological systematics, a clade is a single "branch" on the "tree of life". The idea that such a "natural group" of organisms should be grouped together and given a taxonomic name is central to biological...
containing 13 genera.
Genera
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Mitreola Mitreola is a genus of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Volutidae, the volutes.-Species:Species within the genus Mitreola include:... L. Neuburgia Neuburgia is a genus of plant in family Loganiaceae. It contains the following species :* Neuburgia alata, A.C.Smith* Neuburgia collina, A.C.Smith... Blume Norrisia Norrisia is a genus of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae.-Species:Norrisia is a monotypic genus and its only species is Norrisia norrisi.... Gardner Spigelia Spigelia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Loganiaceae. It contains around 60 species, distributed over the warmer parts of the Americas, from the latitude of Buenos Aires to the Southern United States... L. Strychnos Strychnos is a genus of flowering plants, belonging to family Loganiaceae . The genus includes about 190 species of trees and lianas, distributed around the world's tropics.... L. Usteria Usteria is a plant genus in the family Loganiaceae. It was established in 1760 by Carl Ludwig Willdenow.Species* Usteria guineensis... Willd. |
Excluded genera
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Nuxia Nuxia is a genus of plant in the family Stilbaceae. It contains the following species :* Nuxia glomerulata, I.Verd.* Nuxia congesta, a hardwood tree living on the slopes of Mount Kenya... Comm. ex Lam. -> Stilbaceae Stilbaceae Stilbaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales.Genera include:*Anastrabe E. Mey. ex Benth.*Bowkeria Harv.*Campylostachys Kunth*Charadrophila Marloth*Euthystachys A. DC.*Halleria L.*Ixianthes Benth.... Gesneriaceae Gesneriaceae is a family of flowering plants consisting of ca. 150 genera and ca. 3,200 species in the Old World and New World tropics and subtropics, with a very small number extending to temperate areas. Many species have colorful and showy flowers and are cultivated as ornamental plants.Most... |