Loch Lomond (Ontario)
Encyclopedia
Loch Lomond is a large spring-fed
lake
located 102 metres (334.6 ft) above Lake Superior
, 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) south of the city of Thunder Bay
, Ontario
. It is located in behind Mount McKay
, in the Fort William First Nation
and Neebing Municipality
. Loch Lomond is considered to be a deep oligotroph
ic lake. The natural re-charge level of Loch Lomond from underground spring water is estimated at 57100 m³ (12,560,244.1 imp gal) per day.
It is approximately 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) long and averages about 1.6 kilometre (0.994196378639691 mi) in width. The extreme depths over most of its area causes the greater part of Loch Lomond to become stratified
each summer and has characteristically low temperatures in the hypolimnion
.
name "kazazeekeege wargamag" meaning "the high lake that is always overflowing", but a Scotsman
of the North West Company
thought it so much looked like the original Loch Lomond
that he named it as such.
During the year 1906 the city of Fort William
began tunnelling through the rock of Mount McKay and laying water pipe, but it was not until 1909 that the first water flowed through the pipes and into the homes of residents of Fort William. The engineering department of the city of Fort William was headed by city engineer H. Sydney Hancock Jr., who was Waterworks engineer from February 1906 to February 1911. He was in charge of the construction of the Loch Lomond Water Supply system
. Fort William's water supply was contaminated in 1906 leading to a typhoid epidemic
. The City Council's response was to construct a tunnel under the Kaministiquia River
to bring pure water to Fort William from Loch Lomond. Tunnels were drilled through Mount McKay to the Loch at a final cost of $500,000. The system was completed in 1910. In 2006, the Bare Point Water Treatment Plant
on Thunder Bay
was expanded to serve the entire city from a single source.
In order to prevent pollution all activities including travel and fishing are prohibited on Loch Lomond.
Spring (hydrosphere)
A spring—also known as a rising or resurgence—is a component of the hydrosphere. Specifically, it is any natural situation where water flows to the surface of the earth from underground...
lake
Lake
A lake is a body of relatively still fresh or salt water of considerable size, localized in a basin, that is surrounded by land. Lakes are inland and not part of the ocean and therefore are distinct from lagoons, and are larger and deeper than ponds. Lakes can be contrasted with rivers or streams,...
located 102 metres (334.6 ft) above Lake Superior
Lake Superior
Lake Superior is the largest of the five traditionally-demarcated Great Lakes of North America. It is bounded to the north by the Canadian province of Ontario and the U.S. state of Minnesota, and to the south by the U.S. states of Wisconsin and Michigan. It is the largest freshwater lake in the...
, 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) south of the city of Thunder Bay
Thunder Bay
-In Canada:Thunder Bay is the name of three places in the province of Ontario, Canada along Lake Superior:*Thunder Bay District, Ontario, a district in Northwestern Ontario*Thunder Bay, a city in Thunder Bay District*Thunder Bay, Unorganized, Ontario...
, Ontario
Ontario
Ontario is a province of Canada, located in east-central Canada. It is Canada's most populous province and second largest in total area. It is home to the nation's most populous city, Toronto, and the nation's capital, Ottawa....
. It is located in behind Mount McKay
Mount McKay
Mount McKay is a mafic sill located south of Thunder Bay, Ontario on the Indian Reserve of the Fort William First Nation. It formed during a period of magmatic activity associated with the large Midcontinent Rift System about 1,100 million years ago.-History:...
, in the Fort William First Nation
Fort William First Nation
Fort William First Nation is an Ojibway First Nation south of and adjacent to Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. As of January 2008, the First Nation had a registered population of 1,798 people, of which their on-Reserve population was 832 people....
and Neebing Municipality
Neebing, Ontario
Neebing is a municipality in the Canadian province of Ontario, located in the Thunder Bay District immediately south of the city of Thunder Bay. It is part of Thunder Bay's Census Metropolitan Area.-History:...
. Loch Lomond is considered to be a deep oligotroph
Oligotroph
An oligotroph is an organism that can live in an environment that offers very low levels of nutrients. They may be contrasted with copiotrophs, which prefer nutritionally rich environments...
ic lake. The natural re-charge level of Loch Lomond from underground spring water is estimated at 57100 m³ (12,560,244.1 imp gal) per day.
It is approximately 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) long and averages about 1.6 kilometre (0.994196378639691 mi) in width. The extreme depths over most of its area causes the greater part of Loch Lomond to become stratified
Stratification (water)
Water stratification occurs when water masses with different properties - salinity , oxygenation , density , temperature - form layers that act as barriers to water mixing...
each summer and has characteristically low temperatures in the hypolimnion
Hypolimnion
The hypolimnion is the dense, bottom layer of water in a thermally-stratified lake. It is the layer that lies below the thermocline.Typically the hypolimnion is the coldest layer of a lake in summer, and the warmest layer during winter...
.
History
This body of water bore the OjibweOjibwe language
Ojibwe , also called Anishinaabemowin, is an indigenous language of the Algonquian language family. Ojibwe is characterized by a series of dialects that have local names and frequently local writing systems...
name "kazazeekeege wargamag" meaning "the high lake that is always overflowing", but a Scotsman
Scotsman
Scotsman may mean:* a man from Scotland, in common parlance - see also Scottish people.* No true Scotsman, a common logical fallacy.*The Scotsman, a national newspaper based in Edinburgh, Scotland....
of the North West Company
North West Company
The North West Company was a fur trading business headquartered in Montreal from 1779 to 1821. It competed with increasing success against the Hudson's Bay Company in what was to become Western Canada...
thought it so much looked like the original Loch Lomond
Loch Lomond
Loch Lomond is a freshwater Scottish loch, lying on the Highland Boundary Fault. It is the largest lake in Great Britain by surface area. The lake contains many islands, including Inchmurrin, the largest fresh-water island in the British Isles, although the lake itself is smaller than many Irish...
that he named it as such.
During the year 1906 the city of Fort William
Fort William, Ontario
Fort William was a city in Northern Ontario, located on the Kaministiquia River, at its entrance to Lake Superior. It amalgamated with Port Arthur and the townships of Neebing and McIntyre to form the city of Thunder Bay in January 1970. Ever since then it has been the largest city in Northwestern...
began tunnelling through the rock of Mount McKay and laying water pipe, but it was not until 1909 that the first water flowed through the pipes and into the homes of residents of Fort William. The engineering department of the city of Fort William was headed by city engineer H. Sydney Hancock Jr., who was Waterworks engineer from February 1906 to February 1911. He was in charge of the construction of the Loch Lomond Water Supply system
Water supply network
A water supply system or water supply network is a system of engineered hydrologic and hydraulic components which provide water supply. A water supply system typically includes:# A drainage basin ;...
. Fort William's water supply was contaminated in 1906 leading to a typhoid epidemic
Epidemic
In epidemiology, an epidemic , occurs when new cases of a certain disease, in a given human population, and during a given period, substantially exceed what is expected based on recent experience...
. The City Council's response was to construct a tunnel under the Kaministiquia River
Kaministiquia River
The Kaministiquia River is a river which empties into western Lake Superior at the city of Thunder Bay, Ontario. Kaministiquia is an Ojibwe word meaning " with islands" due to two large islands at the mouth of the river...
to bring pure water to Fort William from Loch Lomond. Tunnels were drilled through Mount McKay to the Loch at a final cost of $500,000. The system was completed in 1910. In 2006, the Bare Point Water Treatment Plant
Bare Point water treatment plant
The Bare Point Water Treatment Plant is the primary water filtration plant in the city of Thunder Bay, Ontario, drawing 113.6 million litres from Lake Superior per day. The plant uses a Zeeweed 1000 Version 3 Ultra-Filtration system, the first of its kind in the world, which reduces the need for...
on Thunder Bay
Thunder Bay (Ontario)
Thunder Bay is a large bay on the north shore of Lake Superior. The bay is about 50 km long and 22 km wide. It is bordered to the east by the Sibley Peninsula at the southern tip of which is Thunder Cape, marking the entrance to the bay for ships approaching from the east...
was expanded to serve the entire city from a single source.
In order to prevent pollution all activities including travel and fishing are prohibited on Loch Lomond.