List of viperine species and subspecies
Encyclopedia
This is a list of all genera
, species
and subspecies
of the subfamily Viperinae
, otherwise referred to as viperines, true vipers, pitless vipers or Old World vipers. It follows the taxonomy of McDiarmid et al. (1999) and ITIS
. For a full list of common names, see .
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
, species
Species
In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. While in many cases this definition is adequate, more precise or differing measures are...
and subspecies
Subspecies
Subspecies in biological classification, is either a taxonomic rank subordinate to species, ora taxonomic unit in that rank . A subspecies cannot be recognized in isolation: a species will either be recognized as having no subspecies at all or two or more, never just one...
of the subfamily Viperinae
Viperinae
The Viperinae, or viperines, are a subfamily of venomous vipers found in Europe, Asia and Africa. They are distinguished by their lack of the heat-sensing pit organs that characterize their sister group, the Crotalinae. Currently, 12 genera and 66 species are recognized...
, otherwise referred to as viperines, true vipers, pitless vipers or Old World vipers. It follows the taxonomy of McDiarmid et al. (1999) and ITIS
Itis
Itis may refer to* Integrated Taxonomic Information System, a partnership designed to provide consistent and reliable information on the taxonomy of biological species...
. For a full list of common names, see .
- AdenorhinosAdenorhinosAdenorhinos is a monotypic genus created for a venomous viper species, A. barbouri. This is a small and exceptionally rare terrestrial species found only in the Uzungwe and Ukinga mountains of south-central Tanzania in Africa. No subspecies are recognized.-Description:A small species reaching only...
, Uzungwe mountain bush viper- Adenorhinos barbouriAdenorhinosAdenorhinos is a monotypic genus created for a venomous viper species, A. barbouri. This is a small and exceptionally rare terrestrial species found only in the Uzungwe and Ukinga mountains of south-central Tanzania in Africa. No subspecies are recognized.-Description:A small species reaching only...
, Uzungwe mountain bush viper
- Adenorhinos barbouri
- AtherisAtherisAtheris is a genus of venomous vipers found only in tropical subsaharan Africa, excluding southern Africa. Confined to rain forest areas, many members have isolated and fragmented distributions. In an interesting example of convergent evolution, they show many similarities to the arboreal pit...
, Bush vipers- Atheris anisolepisAtheris anisolepisAtheris anisolepis is a venomous viper species found in west central Africa. No subspecies are currently recognized.-Geographic range:Found in West central Africa: Gabon, Congo, west DR Congo, north Angola. The type locality given is "d'Alima Lékéti ... Congo ." Broadley limited it to "Alima...
- Atheris ceratophoraAtheris ceratophoraAtheris ceratophora is a venomous viper species found only in a few mountain ranges in Tanzania. This is the only horned, arboreal viper in Africa. No subspecies are currently recognized.-Description:...
, Horned bush viper - Atheris chlorechisAtheris chlorechisAtheris chlorechis is a venomous viper species found only in the forests of West Africa. No subspecies are currently recognized.-Description:...
, Western bush viper - Atheris desaixiAtheris desaixiAtheris desaixi is a venomous viper species endemic to Kenya, where only two isolated populations are known. It is known for its striking black and yellow coloration. This species is named in honor of a Peace Corps volunteer who collected the first specimen: Mr. Frank DeSaix...
, Mount Kenya bush viper - Atheris hispidaAtheris hispidaAtheris hispida is a venomous viper species found in Central Africa. Known for its extremely keeled scales that give it an almost bristly appearance. No subspecies are currently recognized.-Description:...
, Bristly bush viper - Atheris katangensisAtheris katangensisAtheris katangensis is a venomous viper species endemic to DR Congo. Found only in a limited area in the east of the country. No subspecies are currently recognized.-Description:...
, Katanga mountain bush viper - Atheris nitscheiAtheris nitscheiAtheris nitschei is a venomous viper species found in Africa from Uganda and adjacent DR Congo in the north to northern Malawi in the south. Two subspecies are currently recognized, including the nominate subspecies described here.-Description:...
, Great Lakes bush viper- Atheris nitschei nitscheiAtheris nitscheiAtheris nitschei is a venomous viper species found in Africa from Uganda and adjacent DR Congo in the north to northern Malawi in the south. Two subspecies are currently recognized, including the nominate subspecies described here.-Description:...
, Great Lakes bush viper - Atheris nitschei rungweensisAtheris nitschei rungweensisAtheris nitschei rungweensis is a venomous viper subspecies found in Africa in Tanzania, Zambia and Malawi.-Description:Grows to a maximum length of 65 cm. Midbody, it has 22-33 dorsal scale rows. The ventral scales number 150-165 and the subcaudals 46-58.The color pattern is variable, with a...
, Rungwe tree viper
- Atheris nitschei nitschei
- Atheris squamigeraAtheris squamigeraAtheris squamigera is a venomous viper species found in west and central Africa. No subspecies are currently recognized.-Description:Grows to an average length of 46–60 cm, with a maximum of at least 78 cm. Females are usually larger than males....
, Rough-scaled bush viper
- Atheris anisolepis
- BitisBitisBitis is a genus of venomous vipers found in Africa and the southern Arabian Peninsula. It includes the largest and the smallest vipers in the world. Members are known for their characteristic threat displays that involves inflating and deflating their bodies while hissing and puffing loudly. The...
, Puff adders- Bitis arietansBitis arietansBitis arietans is a venomous viper species found in savannah and grasslands from Morocco and western Arabia throughout Africa except for the Sahara and rain forest regions. It is responsible for causing the most fatalities in Africa owing to various factors, such as its wide distribution and...
, Common puff adder- Bitis arietans arietansBitis arietansBitis arietans is a venomous viper species found in savannah and grasslands from Morocco and western Arabia throughout Africa except for the Sahara and rain forest regions. It is responsible for causing the most fatalities in Africa owing to various factors, such as its wide distribution and...
, Common puff adder - Bitis arietans somalicaBitis arietans somalicaBitis arietans somalica, sometimes known as the Somali puff adder, is a venomous viper subspecies found only in Somalia, eastern Ethiopia and northern Kenya.-Description:Distinguished from other B. arietans by its keeled subcaudals....
, Somali puff adder
- Bitis arietans arietans
- Bitis atroposBitis atroposBitis atropos is a venomous viper species found only in mountainous regions in southern Africa. A small species. No subspecies are currently recognized.-Description:...
, Mountain adder - Bitis caudalisBitis caudalisBitis caudalis is a venomous viper species found in the arid region of south-west Africa. Easily distinguished by the presence of a single, large horn-like scale over each eye. No subspecies are currently recognized.-Description:...
, Horned adder - Bitis cornutaBitis cornutaBitis cornuta is a venomous viper species found in certain rocky desert areas, mostly along the Atlantic coast of southern Africa. They have a characteristic tuft of horns above each eye. Two subspecies are currently recognized, including the nominate subspecies described here.-Description: Small...
, Many-horned adder- Bitis cornuta albanicaBitis cornuta albanicaBitis cornuta albanica is a venomous viper subspecies restricted to eastern and southern Cape Province in South Africa.-Description:This subspecies does not have the horns that are characteristic of the nominate race, B. c. cornuta...
, Eastern many-horned adder - Bitis cornuta cornutaBitis cornutaBitis cornuta is a venomous viper species found in certain rocky desert areas, mostly along the Atlantic coast of southern Africa. They have a characteristic tuft of horns above each eye. Two subspecies are currently recognized, including the nominate subspecies described here.-Description: Small...
, Western many-horned adder
- Bitis cornuta albanica
- Bitis gabonicaBitis gabonicaBitis gabonica is a venomous viper species found in the rainforests and savannas of Sub-Saharan Africa. This is not only the largest member of the genus Bitis, but also the world's heaviest viperid and it has the longest fangs ,and the highest venom yield of any venomous snake...
, Gaboon viper (3003 Viper)- Bitis gabonica gabonicaBitis gabonicaBitis gabonica is a venomous viper species found in the rainforests and savannas of Sub-Saharan Africa. This is not only the largest member of the genus Bitis, but also the world's heaviest viperid and it has the longest fangs ,and the highest venom yield of any venomous snake...
, East African gaboon viper - Bitis gabonica rhinocerosBitis gabonica rhinocerosBitis gabonica rhinoceros is a venomous viper subspecies found in West Africa. It is distinguished from the nominate subspecies primarily by the presence of a set of large nasal horns.-Description:...
, West African gaboon viper
- Bitis gabonica gabonica
- Bitis heraldicaBitis heraldicaBitis heraldica is a venomous viper species found only in Angola. Easily distinguished from B. caudalis by its heavily speckled belly and lack of any supraocular horns. No subspecies are currently recognized.-Geographic range:...
, Angolan adder - Bitis inornataBitis inornataBitis inornata is a venomous viper species found only in Cape Province, South Africa. No subspecies are currently recognized.-Geographic range:...
, Plain mountain adder - Bitis nasicornisBitis nasicornisBitis nasicornis is a venomous viper species found in the forests of West and Central Africa. A big viper known for its striking color pattern and prominent horns on its nose. No subspecies are recognized.-Description:...
, Rhinoceros viper - Bitis parvioculaBitis parvioculaBitis parviocula is a venomous viper species found only in south-west Ethiopia. It is large with a broad head and spectacular geometric markings. In 1995, the species was known from only three specimens, but additional information has surfaced since then. Little is known about its natural history...
, Ethiopian viper - Bitis peringueyiBitis peringueyiBitis peringueyi is a venomous viper species found in Namibia and southern Angola. No subspecies are currently recognized.-Description:A small snake with an average length of 20–25 cm and a maximum recorded length of 32 cm....
, Peringuey's desert adder - Bitis rubidaBitis rubidaBitis rubida is a venomous viper species found only in Western Cape Province, South Africa. No subspecies are currently recognized.-Geographic range:...
, Red adder - Bitis schneideriBitis schneideriBitis schneideri is a venomous viper species found in a small coastal region that straddles the border between Namibia and South Africa. This is the smallest species in the genus Bitis and possibly the world's smallest viperid...
, Namaqua dwarf adder - Bitis worthingtoniBitis worthingtoniBitis worthingtoni is a venomous viper species found only in the high central Rift Valley of Kenya. No subspecies are currently recognized.-Geographic range:Restricted to Kenya's high central Rift Valley at altitudes over 1,500 m...
, Kenyan horned viper - Bitis xeropagaBitis xeropagaBitis xeropaga is a venomous viper species found in southern Namibia and north-western Cape Province in South Africa. No subspecies are currently recognized.-Description:Adults average 40–50 cm in length, with a maximum of 61 cm for a female....
, Desert mountain adder
- Bitis arietans
- CerastesCerastes (genus)Cerastes is a genus of small, venomous vipers found in the deserts and semi-deserts of northern North Africa eastward through Arabia and Iran. Three species are currently recognized.-Description:...
, Horned vipers- Cerastes Boehmeii Tunesian horned viper
- Cerastes cerastesCerastes cerastesCerastes cerastes is a venomous viper species native to the deserts of Northern Africa and parts of the Middle East. They often are easily recognized by the presence of a pair of supraocular horns, although hornless individuals do occur. No subspecies are currently recognized.-Description:The...
, Saharan horned viper - Cerastes gasperettiiCerastes gasperettiiCerastes gasperettii is a venomous viper species found in the Middle East from Israel to Iran, and especially in the Arabian Peninsula. Very similar in appearance to C. cerastes, except that their ranges do not overlap...
, Arabian horned viper - Cerastes viperaCerastes viperaCerastes vipera is a venomous viper species found in the deserts of North Africa and the Sinai Peninsula. No subspecies are currently recognized.-Description:...
, Sahara sand viper
- DaboiaDaboiaDaboia is a monotypic genus of venomous Old World viper. The single species, D. russelii, is found in Asia throughout the Indian subcontinent, much of Southeast Asia, southern China and Taiwan...
, Russell's viper- Daboia russeliiDaboiaDaboia is a monotypic genus of venomous Old World viper. The single species, D. russelii, is found in Asia throughout the Indian subcontinent, much of Southeast Asia, southern China and Taiwan...
, Russell's viper- Daboia russelii russeliiDaboiaDaboia is a monotypic genus of venomous Old World viper. The single species, D. russelii, is found in Asia throughout the Indian subcontinent, much of Southeast Asia, southern China and Taiwan...
, Indian Russell's viper - Daboia russelii siamensisDaboia russelii siamensisDaboia russelii siamensis is a venomous viper subspecies that is found only in parts of Southeast Asia, southern China and Taiwan.-Description:...
, Eastern Russell's viper
- Daboia russelii russelii
- Daboia russelii
- EchisEchisEchis is a genus of venomous vipers found in the dry regions of Africa, the Middle East, Pakistan, India and Sri Lanka. They have a characteristic threat display, rubbing sections of their body together to produce a "sizzling" warning sound...
, Saw-scaled vipers- Echis carinatusEchis carinatusEchis carinatus is a venomous viper species found in parts of the Middle East and Central Asia, and especially the Indian subcontinent. It is the smallest member of the Big Four snakes...
, Saw-scaled viper- Echis carinatus astolaeEchis carinatus astolaeEchis carinatus astolae is a venomous viper subspecies endemic to Astola Island off the coast of Pakistan.-Description:The color pattern consists of a series of dark brown dorsal blotches on a whitish background, laterally 1-3 rows of dark brown spots with no light arcs. On the head, there is a...
, Astola saw-scaled viper - Echis carinatus carinatusEchis carinatusEchis carinatus is a venomous viper species found in parts of the Middle East and Central Asia, and especially the Indian subcontinent. It is the smallest member of the Big Four snakes...
, South Indian saw-scaled viper - Echis carinatus multisquamatusEchis carinatus multisquamatusEchis carinatus multisquamatus is a venomous viper subspecies found in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan.-Description:Grows to 38-80 cm in length, but usually no more than 60 cm....
, Central Asian saw-scaled viper - Echis carinatus sinhaleyusEchis carinatus sinhaleyusEchis carinatus sinhaleyus is a venomous viper subspecies endemic to Sri Lanka.-Common Names:Sri Lankan saw-scaled viper.Known as Vali Polanga by the Sinhala speaking community. The vernacular name veli Polanga translates as 'Sand Viper'.-Geographic range:Sri Lanka...
, Sri Lankan saw-scaled viper - Echis carinatus sochurekiEchis carinatus sochurekiEchis carinatus sochureki is a venomous viper subspecies found in India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran and parts of the Arabian Peninsula.-Description:...
, Sochurek's saw-scaled viper
- Echis carinatus astolae
- Echis coloratusEchis coloratusEchis coloratus is a venomous viper species found in the Middle East and Egypt. No subspecies are currently recognized.-Description: Grows to a maximum length of 75 cm.-Common names:...
, Painted saw-scaled viper - Echis hughesiEchis hughesiEchis hughesi is a venomous viper species found only in Somalia. No subspecies are currently recognized.-Description:Grows to about 21-32 cm in length. The head scalation is similar to that of E. pyramidum. Midbody, there are 24-25 dorsal scales. The ventrals number 144-149 and the subcaudals 28-30...
, Hughes' saw-scaled viper - Echis jogeriEchis jogeriEchis jogeri is a venomous viper species found only in Mali. No subspecies are currently recognized.-Description:This species is relatively small, averaging only about 30 cm in length. Its build, however, is relatively stout, the cross-section of which is cylindrical or subtriangular. The scalation...
, Joger’s saw-scaled viper - Echis leucogasterEchis leucogasterEchis leucogaster is a venomous viper species found in West and Northwest Africa. It is named after its white, unmarked belly. No subspecies are currently recognized.-Description:...
, White-bellied saw-scaled viper - Echis megalocephalusEchis megalocephalusEchis megalocephalus is a venomous viper species found only on one island in the Red Sea off the coast of Eritrea. No subspecies are currently recognized.-Description:...
, Cherlin's saw-scaled viper - Echis ocellatusEchis ocellatusEchis ocellatus is a venomous viper species found mainly in West Africa. Named after the distinctive series of "eye-spots" that run the length of its body. No subspecies are currently recognized.-Geographic range:...
, West African saw-scaled viper - Echis pyramidumEchis pyramidumEchis pyramidum is a species of venomous viper found mainly in north-east Africa, but also in parts of the Arabian Peninsula. Three subspecies are currently recognized, including the nominate subspecies described here.-Description:...
, Egyptian saw-scaled viper- Echis pyramidum aliaborriEchis pyramidum aliaborriEchis pyramidum aliaborri is a venomous viper subspecies found only in northern Kenya.-Description:Known for their relatively large supraocular scales and characteristic red-orange color.-Geographic range:...
, Red carpet viper - Echis pyramidum leakeyiEchis pyramidum leakeyiEchis pyramidum leakeyi is a venomous viper subspecies found only in northwestern Kenya and southwest Ethiopia .-Geographic range:...
, Kenyan carpet viper - Echis pyramidum pyramidumEchis pyramidumEchis pyramidum is a species of venomous viper found mainly in north-east Africa, but also in parts of the Arabian Peninsula. Three subspecies are currently recognized, including the nominate subspecies described here.-Description:...
, Egyptian saw-scaled viper
- Echis pyramidum aliaborri
- Echis carinatus
- EristicophisEristicophisEristicophis is a monotypic genus created for a venomous viper species, E. macmahonii. It is found only in the desert region of Balochistan near the borders of Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan. No subspecies are currently recognized.-Description:...
, McMahon's desert viper- Eristicophis macmahoniiEristicophisEristicophis is a monotypic genus created for a venomous viper species, E. macmahonii. It is found only in the desert region of Balochistan near the borders of Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan. No subspecies are currently recognized.-Description:...
, McMahon's desert viper
- Eristicophis macmahonii
- MacroviperaMacroviperaMacrovipera is a genus of venomous vipers that inhabit the semideserts and steppes of North Africa, the Near and Middle East, and the Milos Archipelago in the Aegean Sea. These snakes are responsible for a number of bites in Africa and western Asia every year...
, Large Palearctic vipers
-
- Macrovipera desertiMacrovipera desertiMacrovipera deserti is a venomous viper species found in North Africa. No subspecies are currently recognized.- Common names :Desert viper, Libyan desert blunt-nosed viper, desert adder, Sahara adder, Sahara viper.- Geographic range :...
, Desert viper - Macrovipera lebetinaMacrovipera lebetinaMacrovipera lebetina is a venomous viper species found in North Africa, much of the Middle East, and as far east as Kashmir. Five subspecies are currently recognized, including the nominate race described here.-Description:...
, Blunt-nosed viper- Macrovipera lebetina cernoviMacrovipera lebetina cernoviMacrovipera lebetina cernovi is a venomous viper subspecies found in Iran, Turkmenistan and Afghanistan.-Geographic range:Northeast Iran, southern Turkmenistan parts of northern Afghanistan and Pakistan....
- Macrovipera lebetina lebetinaMacrovipera lebetinaMacrovipera lebetina is a venomous viper species found in North Africa, much of the Middle East, and as far east as Kashmir. Five subspecies are currently recognized, including the nominate race described here.-Description:...
, Blunt-nosed viper - Macrovipera lebetina obtusaMacrovipera lebetina obtusaMacrovipera lebetina obtusa is a venomous viper subspecies found between central Turkey and northern Pakistan .-Description:Distinguished by its higher scale counts—usually 170-175 ventrals and 25 midbody dorsal scales -- and relatively dark color pattern.-Geographic range:From central Turkey...
, West-Asian blunt-nosed viper - Macrovipera lebetina transmediterraneaMacrovipera lebetina transmediterraneaMacrovipera lebetina transmediterranea is a venomous viper subspecies found only in Algeria and Tunis.-Description:This subspecies is not known to exceed 1 m in length. It is further distinguished by having only 25 midbody dorsal scale rows, a lower ventral scale count of 150-164 scales and more...
- Macrovipera lebetina turanicaMacrovipera lebetina turanicaMacrovipera lebetina turanica is a venomous viper subspecies found in Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan and Pakistan.-Description: The color pattern consists of a dark ground color with a lighter, orange dorsal zigzag pattern...
, Turan blunt-nosed viper
- Macrovipera lebetina cernovi
- Macrovipera mauritanicaMacrovipera mauritanicaMacrovipera mauritanica is a venomous viper species found in northwestern Africa. No subspecies are currently recognized.- Description :Reaches a maximum length of 180 cm.- Common names :...
, Moorish viper - Macrovipera schweizeriMacrovipera schweizeriMacrovipera schweizeri is a venomous viper species found in Greece on the islands of the Cyclades Archipelago in the Aegean sea. No subspecies are currently recognized.-Geographic range:...
, Milos viper - Montatheris hindiiMontatherisMontatheris is a monotypic genus created for a venomous viper species, M. hindii. This is a small terrestrial species found only at high altitude on Mount Kenya and the Aberdare mountain range in Kenya. No subspecies are currently recognized....
, Montane viper
- Macrovipera deserti
- ProatherisProatherisProatheris is a monotypic genus created for a venomous viper species, P. superciliaris. This is a small terrestrial species found in Tanzania, Malawi and Mozambique. No subspecies are currently recognized.-Description:...
, Lowland swamp viper- Proatheris superciliarisProatherisProatheris is a monotypic genus created for a venomous viper species, P. superciliaris. This is a small terrestrial species found in Tanzania, Malawi and Mozambique. No subspecies are currently recognized.-Description:...
, Lowland swamp viper
- Proatheris superciliaris
- PseudocerastesPseudocerastesPseudocerastes is a monotypic genus created for a venomous viper species, P. persicus. This species is found throughout the Middle East and as far east as Pakistan, but not on the African mainland. Often referred to as the false horned viper because of the hornlike structures above their eyes that...
, Persian horned viper- Pseudocerastes persicusPseudocerastesPseudocerastes is a monotypic genus created for a venomous viper species, P. persicus. This species is found throughout the Middle East and as far east as Pakistan, but not on the African mainland. Often referred to as the false horned viper because of the hornlike structures above their eyes that...
, Persian horned viper- Pseudocerastes persicus fieldiPseudocerastes persicus fieldiPseudocerastes persicus fieldi is a venomous viper subspecies found in the deserts of the Middle East. The main differences between this subspecies and the nominate race are in scalation and venom composition.-Description:...
, Field's horned viper
- Pseudocerastes persicus fieldi
- Pseudocerastes persicus
- ViperaViperaVipera is a genus of venomous vipers. It has a very wide range, being found from North Africa to just within the Arctic Circle and from Great Britain to Pacific Asia. The name is possibly derived from the Latin words vivus and pario, meaning "alive" and "bear" or "bring forth"; likely a reference...
, Palearctic vipers
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- Montivipera bornmuelleri, Lebanon viper (Endangered)
- Montivipera bulgardaghica, Mount Bulgar viper
- Vipera albicornutaVipera albicornutaVipera albicornuta is a venomous viper species endemic in Iran. No subspecies are currently recognized.-Description:Grows to a maximum length of 66 cm....
, Iranian mountain viper - Vipera albizonaVipera albizonaVipera albizona is a venomous viper species endemic to the mountainous regions of central Turkey. No subspecies are currently recognized.-Description:The maximum is a little less than 78 cm , although most specimens are smaller....
, Central Turkish mountain viper - Vipera ammodytesVipera ammodytesVipera ammodytes is a venomous viper species found in southern Europe through to the Balkans and parts of the Middle East. It is reputed to be the most dangerous of the European vipers due to its large size, long fangs and high venom toxicity...
, Sand viper- Vipera ammodytes ammodytesVipera ammodytesVipera ammodytes is a venomous viper species found in southern Europe through to the Balkans and parts of the Middle East. It is reputed to be the most dangerous of the European vipers due to its large size, long fangs and high venom toxicity...
, Western sand viper - Vipera ammodytes gregorwallneriVipera ammodytes gregorwallneriVipera ammodytes gregorwallneri is a of venomous viper subspecies found mainly in Austria and the former Yugoslavia.-Taxonomy:Many authors, such as Golay et al. do not recognize this taxon and instead relegate it to the synonymy of V. a. ammodytes....
- Vipera ammodytes meridionalisVipera ammodytes meridionalisVipera ammodytes meridionalis is a venomous viper subspecies found in Greece and Turkish Thrace.-Description:According to Boulenger : "Naso-rostral shield never reaching the canthus rostralis and but rarely extending higher up than the upper border of the rostral, which is often as deep as broad,...
, Eastern sand viper - Vipera ammodytes montandoniVipera ammodytes montandoniVipera ammodytes montandoni is a venomous viper subspecies found in Bulgaria and southern Romania.-Description:According to Boulenger : "Naso-rostral shield never reaching the canthus rostralis nor the summit of the rostral shield, which is deeper than broad ; rostral appendage clad with ten to...
, Transdanubian sand viper - Vipera ammodytes transcaucasianaVipera ammodytes transcaucasianaVipera ammodytes transcaucasiana is a venomous viper subspecies found in parts of Georgia and northern Turkish Anatolia.-Description:Grows to a maximum length of 75 cm, but is usually not so large....
, Transcaucasian sand viper
- Vipera ammodytes ammodytes
- Vipera anatolica , Anatolian viper (Critically endangered)
- Vipera aspisVipera aspisVipera aspis is a venomous viper species found in southwestern Europe. Bites from this species can be more severe than from the European adder, V. berus; not only can they be very painful, but about 4% of all untreated bites are fatal...
, Asp viper- Vipera aspis aspisVipera aspisVipera aspis is a venomous viper species found in southwestern Europe. Bites from this species can be more severe than from the European adder, V. berus; not only can they be very painful, but about 4% of all untreated bites are fatal...
, European asp - Vipera aspis atraVipera aspis atraVipera aspis atra is a venomous viper subspecies found in France, Switzerland and Italy.-Geographic range:Western Switzerland, northwestern Italy, Spain and southeastern France. Mallow et al...
, Black asp - Vipera aspis franciscirediVipera aspis franciscirediVipera aspis francisciredi is a venomous viper subspecies found in central Italy.-Description:Head distinctly swollen behind the eyes and upper lips; in adults, these features are clearly visible when viewed from above....
, Central Italian asp - Vipera aspis hugyiVipera aspis hugyiVipera aspis hugyi is a venomous viper subspecies found only in Italy.-Description:Usually marked with a fused zigzag stripe and a distinctly raised snout. Specimens from Montecristo Island, sometimes referred to as V. a...
, Southern Italian asp - Vipera aspis zinnikeriVipera aspis zinnikeriVipera aspis zinnikeri is a venomous viper subspecies found in the Pyrenees region of Spain and France. It was named after a Swiss herpetologist.-Description:...
, Gascony asp
- Vipera aspis aspis
- Vipera baraniVipera baraniVipera barani is a venomous viper species endemic to Turkey. No subspecies are currently recognized.-Description:Stoutly built, adult females are reported to reach a maximum length of 60 cm. Adult males are shorter with a maximum of 54.5 cm....
, Baran's adder - Vipera berusVipera berusVipera berus, the common European adder or common European viper, is a venomous viper species that is extremely widespread and can be found throughout most of Western Europe and all the way to Far East Asia. Known by a host of common names including Common adder and Common viper, adders have been...
,common viper, Adder- Vipera berus berusVipera berusVipera berus, the common European adder or common European viper, is a venomous viper species that is extremely widespread and can be found throughout most of Western Europe and all the way to Far East Asia. Known by a host of common names including Common adder and Common viper, adders have been...
, Common European adder - Vipera berus bosniensisVipera berus bosniensisVipera berus bosniensis is a venomous viper subspecies found only on the Balkan Peninsula.-Taxonomy:McDiarmid et al. follow Golay et al. and recognize V. b. bosniensis as a subspecies of V. berus. However, is has been considered a full species in recent literature.-External links:* Photograph of...
, Balkan cross adder - Vipera berus sachalinensisVipera berus sachalinensisVipera berus sachalinensis is a venomous viper subspecies found in the Russian Far East, China, North Korea and on Sakhalin Island.-Geographic range:...
, Sakhalin Island adder
- Vipera berus berus
- Vipera bornmuelleriVipera bornmuelleriVipera bornmuelleri is a venomous viper species found in Lebanon and Syria. No subspecies are currently recognized.-Description:Grows to a maximum length of about 75 cm, but usually much less. Males tend to be larger than females in some populations. In specimens from Mt. Lebanon, the maximum...
, Bornmuellers viper - Vipera darevskiiVipera darevskiiVipera darevskii is a venomous viper species found in Armenia and Turkey and possibly also in Georgia. No subspecies are currently recognized.-Geographic range:...
, Darevsky’s viper - Vipera dinnikiVipera dinnikiVipera dinniki is a venomous viper species found in Russia, Georgia and Azerbaijan. No subspecies are currently recognized.-Description:Of the 49 Russian specimens examined by Orlov and Tuniyev , 29 were males and the largest measured 41.2 cm...
, Dinnik’s viper - Vipera ebneri , Iranian Mountain Steppe viper
- Vipera eriwanensisArmenian Steppe viper
- Vipera kaznakoviVipera kaznakoviVipera kaznakovi is a venomous viper species found in Turkey, Georgia and Russia. No subspecies are currently recognized.-Description:A stoutly built species, of which the males are usually shorter and more slender than the females. Adults may reach a maximum length of 65-70 cm, but are usually less...
, Caucasus viper - Vipera latasteiVipera latasteiVipera latastei is a venomous viper species found in extreme southwestern Europe and northwestern Africa. Two subspecies are currently recognized, including the nominate subspecies described here.-Description:...
, Lataste's viper- Vipera latastei gaditanaVipera latastei gaditanaVipera latastei gaditana is a venomous viper subspecies found in southern Spain and Portugal, as well as in North Africa.-Geographic range:...
- Vipera latastei latasteiVipera latasteiVipera latastei is a venomous viper species found in extreme southwestern Europe and northwestern Africa. Two subspecies are currently recognized, including the nominate subspecies described here.-Description:...
, Lataste's viper
- Vipera latastei gaditana
- Vipera latifiiVipera latifiiVipera latifii is a venomous viper species endemic in Iran. No subspecies are currently recognized.-Description:For adult males, the maximum length is 78 cm, for females 70 cm.Holotype: SMF 62585.-Geographic range:...
, Latifi's viper - Vipera lotieviVipera lotieviVipera lotievi is a venomous viper species found in Russia, Georgia and Azerbaijan. No subspecies are currently recognized.-Geographic range:...
, Caucasian meadow viper - Vipera magnifica Magnificent viper
- Vipera monticolaVipera monticolaVipera monticola is a venomous viper species endemic in Morocco. No subspecies are currently recognized.-Description:A very small species with a maximum length of less than 40 cm. Spawls and Branch describe it as the smallest member of the genus Vipera, reaching a length of only 345 mm.-Geographic...
, Atlas mountain viper - Vipera nikolskii, Nikolski’s viper
- Vipera orloviVipera orloviVipera orlovi is a species of the Vipera genus discovered by Tuniyev and Ostrovskikh in 2001.- External links :* at The Reptile Database*...
,Orlov's viper (critically Endangered) - Vipera palaestinaeVipera palaestinaeVipera palaestinae is a venomous viper species found in the geographical region of Palestine, more specifically, an area spanning western Syria, northwestern Jordan, northern and central Israel, the West Bank and Lebanon. It is considered a leading cause of snakebite within its range...
, Palestine viper - Vipera ponticaVipera ponticaVipera pontica is a venomous viper species found in Turkey and Georgia. No subspecies are currently recognized.-Description:Probably does not grow to more than 60 cm in length. The largest type specimen was 277 mm.Holotype: NHMG 5021....
, Pontic adder,Black sea viper - Vipera raddeiVipera raddeiVipera raddei is a venomous viper species found in Turkey, Iran, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and possibly also Iraq. No subspecies are currently recognized.-Description:Adult males grow to a maximum length of 99 cm...
, Rock viper- Vipera raddei kurdistanica ,Kurdistan viper
- Vipera renardi Steppe viper
- Vipera renardi renardi
- Vipera renardi parursini
- Vipera renardi tienshanica Kasackstan Steppe viper
- Vipera seoaneiVipera seoaneiVipera seoanei is a venomous viper species found in extreme southwestern France and the northern regions of Spain and Portugal. Two subspecies are currently recognized, including the nominate race described here.-Description:...
, Baskian viper- Vipera seoanei cantabricaVipera seoanei cantabricaVipera seoanei cantabrica is a venomous viper subspecies found in the south central parts of the Cantabrian Mountains in Spain.-Description:...
- Vipera seoanei seoaneiVipera seoaneiVipera seoanei is a venomous viper species found in extreme southwestern France and the northern regions of Spain and Portugal. Two subspecies are currently recognized, including the nominate race described here.-Description:...
, Baskian viper
- Vipera seoanei cantabrica
- Vipera transscaucasicana, Transcaucasian longnose viper
- Vipera ursiniiVipera ursiniiVipera ursinii is a venomous viper and a very widespread species, found from southeastern France all the way to China . No subspecies are currently recognized...
complex, Meadow vipers- Vipera ursinii graeca, Greek meadow viper
- Vipera ursinii macrops, Albanian meadow viper
- Vipera ursinii moldavica,Romanian meadow viper
- Vipera ursinii rakosiensis,Hungarian meadow viper
- Vipera ursinii wettsteini,Provence meadow viper
- Vipera ursinii ursini , Italian meadow viper
- Vipera wagneriVipera wagneriVipera wagneri is a venomous viper species found in eastern Turkey and northwest Iran. No subspecies are currently recognized.-Description: Grows to a maximum length of 70-95 cm....
, Ocellated mountain viper - Vipera xanthinaVipera xanthinaVipera xanthina is a venomous viper species found in northeastern Greece and Turkey, as well as certain islands in the Aegean Sea. No subspecies are currently recognized.-Description:...
, Rock viper