Waste handling facilities

• Civic amenity site
  Civic amenity site
  A civic amenity site or household waste recycling centre is a facility where the public can dispose of household waste and also often containing recycling points. Civic amenity sites are run by the local authority in a given area. Collection points for recyclable waste such as green waste,...
  
   (CA Site)
• Transfer station

Established waste treatment technologies

• Composting
• Incineration
  Incineration
  Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic substances contained in waste materials. Incineration and other high temperature waste treatment systems are described as "thermal treatment". Incineration of waste materials converts the waste into ash, flue gas, and...
  
  
• Landfill
  Landfill
  A landfill site , is a site for the disposal of waste materials by burial and is the oldest form of waste treatment...
  
  
• Recycling
  Recycling
  Recycling is processing used materials into new products to prevent waste of potentially useful materials, reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, reduce energy usage, reduce air pollution and water pollution by reducing the need for "conventional" waste disposal, and lower greenhouse...
  
  
• Windrow composting
  Windrow composting
  In agriculture, windrow composting is the production of compost by piling organic matter or biodegradable waste, such as animal manure and crop residues, in long rows . This method is suited to producing large volumes of compost...
  
  

Alternative waste treatment technologies

• Anaerobic digestion
  Anaerobic digestion
  Anaerobic digestion is a series of processes in which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen. It is used for industrial or domestic purposes to manage waste and/or to release energy....
  
  
• Alcohol/ethanol production
  • Bioconversion of biomass to mixed alcohol fuels (pilot scale)
• Biodrying
  Biodrying
  Biodrying is the process by which biodegradable waste is rapidly heated through initial stages of composting to remove moisture from a waste stream and hence reduce its overall weight....
  
  
• Gasification
  Gasification
  Gasification is a process that converts organic or fossil based carbonaceous materials into carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and methane. This is achieved by reacting the material at high temperatures , without combustion, with a controlled amount of oxygen and/or steam...
  
  
• GasPlasma: Gasification followed by syngas
  Syngas
  Syngas is the name given to a gas mixture that contains varying amounts of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Examples of production methods include steam reforming of natural gas or liquid hydrocarbons to produce hydrogen, the gasification of coal, biomass, and in some types of waste-to-energy...
  
   plasma polishing (commercial test scale)
• In-vessel composting
  In-vessel composting
  In-vessel composting is an industrial form of composting biodegradable waste that occurs in enclosed reactors. These generally consist of metal tanks or concrete bunkers in which air flow and temperature can be controlled, using the principles of a "bioreactor"...
  
  
• Mechanical biological treatment
  Mechanical biological treatment
  A mechanical biological treatment system is a type of waste processing facility that combines a sorting facility with a form of biological treatment such as composting or anaerobic digestion...
  
  
• Mechanical heat treatment
  Mechanical heat treatment
  Mechanical heat treatment is an alternative waste treatment technology. This technology is also commonly termed Autoclaving. MHT involves a mechanical sorting or pre-processing stage with technology often found in a material recovery facility. The mechanical sorting stage is followed by a form of...
  
  
• Plasma arc waste disposal
  Plasma arc waste disposal
  Plasma arc gasification or Plasma Gasification Process abbreviated PGP is a waste treatment technology that uses electrical energy and the high temperatures created by an electric arc gasifier. This arc breaks down waste primarily into elemental gas and solid waste , in a device called a plasma...
  
   (commercial demonstration scale)
• Pyrolysis
  Pyrolysis
  Pyrolysis is a thermochemical decomposition of organic material at elevated temperatures without the participation of oxygen. It involves the simultaneous change of chemical composition and physical phase, and is irreversible...
  
  
• Sewage treatment
  Sewage treatment
  Sewage treatment, or domestic wastewater treatment, is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater and household sewage, both runoff and domestic. It includes physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove physical, chemical and biological contaminants...
  
  
• Tunnel composting
• UASB (applied to solid wastes)
• Waste autoclave
  Waste autoclave
  A waste autoclave is a form of solid waste treatment that utilises heat, steam and pressure of an industrial autoclave in the processing of waste. Waste autoclaves process waste either in batches or in continuous-flow processes. In batch processes, saturated steam is pumped into the autoclave at...
  
  

See also

• Bioethanol
• Biodiesel
  Biodiesel
  Biodiesel refers to a vegetable oil- or animal fat-based diesel fuel consisting of long-chain alkyl esters. Biodiesel is typically made by chemically reacting lipids with an alcohol....
  
  
• List of waste management companies
• List of waste water treatment technologies
• Pollution control
• Waste-to-energy
  Waste-to-energy
  Waste-to-energy or energy-from-waste is the process of creating energy in the form of electricity or heat from the incineration of waste source. WtE is a form of energy recovery...