List of hawthorn species with black fruit
Encyclopedia
Most species of Crataegus
(hawthorn) have red fruit, some have yellow fruit, and a number of species can have black or purple fruit.
Crataegus
Crataegus , commonly called hawthorn or thornapple, is a large genus of shrubs and trees in the rose family, Rosaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia and North America. The name hawthorn was originally applied to the species native to northern Europe,...
(hawthorn) have red fruit, some have yellow fruit, and a number of species can have black or purple fruit.
Euasian species
- C. ambiguaCrataegus ambiguaCrataegus ambigua is a species of thorn native to Western Asia and Eastern Europe, including Armenia, Iran, Russia, and Turkey. It grows as a shrub or tree up to about 12 m in height...
- C. caucasica
- C. chlorosarcaCrataegus chlorosarcaCrataegus chlorosarca is an Asian species of hawthorn with black fruit. Although recommended as an ornamental and hardy in cold climates, it is rarely cultivated....
, Asian - C. clarkei, Asian
- C. dzairensis
- C. ×dsungaricaCrataegus dsungaricaCrataegus × dsungarica is a hawthorn that is a hybrid between C. songarica in C. sect. Crataegus and C. wattiana in C. sect. Sanguineae. It has blackish purple fruit....
- C. heterophylloides
- C. jozana
- C. karadaghensis
- C. longipes
- C. maximowicziiCrataegus maximowicziiCrataegus maximowiczii is a species of hawthorn with fruit that are red to purple-black....
has fruit that are red to purple-black - C. nigraCrataegus nigraCrataegus nigra is a black-fruited species of hawthorn native to Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Albania and Yugoslavia. The fruit, which is up to 10 mm across, can be consumed fresh or cooked....
, European - C. pallasii
- C. pentagynaCrataegus pentagynaCrataegus pentagyna, also called small-flowered black hawthorn, is a species of hawthorn native to southeastern Europe. Two subspecies are recognized, C. p. subsp. pentagyna and C. p. subsp. pseudomelanocarpa. The fruit are usually black, but are sometimes a handsome purple.-References and external...
, European - C. ×pseudazarolus has fruit that vary from orange to blackish
- C. sakranensis
- C. ×rubrinervis
- C. songaricaCrataegus songaricaCrataegus songarica is an Asian species of hawthorn with black fruit that is sometimes used medicinally. It is closely related to Crataegus ambigua,, a species that has red fruit.- Distribution and ecology :...
, Asian - C. ×zangezura
North American species
- C. ambigens, series Silvicolae, eastern, fruit "greenish-yellow becoming dark purplish-red"
- C. angulata, series Pruinosae, eastern, fruit "light yellowish green becoming dark purplish-red"
- C. aquacervensis, western, fruit are deep red to purple
- C. atrovirens, western
- C. brachyacanthaCrataegus brachyacanthaCrataegus brachyacantha is one of the "black-fruited" species of hawthorn, but it is only very distantly related to the other black-fruited species such as C. douglasii or C. nigra. The common name "Blueberry haw" refers to the appearance of the fruit, which are almost blue, and not to their taste...
, native to the southern U.S. - C. castlegarensis, western
- C. cupressocollina, western
- C. douglasiiCrataegus douglasiiCrataegus douglasii is a North American species of hawthorn known by the common names black hawthorn and Douglas' thornapple. It is named after David Douglas, who collected seed from the plant during his botanical explorations....
, Northern and Western - C. enderbyensis, western
- C. erythropodaCrataegus erythropodaCrataegus erythropoda is a hawthorn native to the southern Rocky Mountains in the U.S. The leaves are conspicuously shiny above and fruit are dark purplish red. It is seldom cultivated, but at one time was listed in the nursery trade under the common name "Chocolate Haw". It is closely related to C...
, western - C. okanaganensisCrataegus okanaganensisCrataegus okanaganensis is a species of hawthorn native to western British Columbia, Washington state and Montana. It forms a vigorous shrub to 8 m in height with brilliant red fruit in late summer, that later ripen to "burgundy to deep purple ". It has potential as an ornamental plant....
, western - C. okennonii, western
- C. orbicularis, western
- C. phippsiiCrataegus phippsiiCrataegus phippsii is a species of hawthorn native to western British Columbia, Washington state and Montana. It forms a shrub or small tree to 7 m in height with leaves that have white hair on the underside, and fruit that ripen through red to purplish black. It appears to have potential as an...
, western - C. purpurella, western
- C. radina, series Silvicolae, eastern, fruit "yellow-green to dark purplish-red"
- C. rivularisCrataegus rivularisCrataegus rivularis is a species of hawthorn known by the common name river hawthorn. It is native to the intermontane region of the northwestern U.S., situated between the coastal ranges and the Rocky Mountains....
, western - C. rivuloadamensis, western
- C. salignaCrataegus salignaCrataegus saligna is a species of hawthorn known by the common name willow hawthorn that is seldom cultivated and rather rare in the wild. Its native range is wet areas of western Colorado and northeastern Utah. It is a handsome shrub or small tree with delicate-looking leaves, small flowers, small...
, western - C. shuswapensis, western
- C. suksdorfii, western
Sources
- Christensen, K.I. 1992. Revision of Crataegus sect. Crataegus and nothosect. Crataeguineae (Rosaceae-Maloideae) in the Old World. Systematic Botany Monographs 35: 1–199.
- Phipps, J.B., O’Kennon, R.J., and Lance, R.W. 2003. Hawthorns and medlars. Royal Horticultural Society, Cambridge, U.K.
- Phipps, J.B.; O’Kennon, R.J. (1998). Three new species of Crataegus (Rosaceae) from Western North America: C. okennonii, C. okanaganensis, and C. phippsii. Sida Contributions to Botany. 18(1): 169–191.
- Phipps, J.B.; O’Kennon, R.J. (2002). New Taxa of Crataegus (Rosaceae) from the Northern Okanagan-Southwestern Shuswap diversity center. Sida Contributions to Botany. 20(1): 115–144.
- Phipps, J.B.; O'Kennon, R.J. (2007). Hawthorns (Crataegus: Rosaceae) of the Cypress Hills, Alberta and Saskatchewan. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas. 1(2): 1031–1090.