List of colonial heads of Saint Christopher
Encyclopedia
This is a list of viceroys in Saint Christopher (Saint Kitts
), from the start of English colonisation in 1623 and French colonisation in 1625, until the island's independence from the United Kingdom
as Saint Kitts and Nevis
in 1983.
In 1666, war broke between the French and English colonies, and the French gained control of the entire island.
Between 1690 and 1697, English had control of the entire island.
In 1702, English forces again seized control of the entire island. The Treaty of Utrecht
of 1713, finally ceded the entire island to Great Britain.
, which was administered from Antigua
by the Governor of the Leeward Islands. Until 1769, a deputy governor was appointed to oversee local affairs.
In 1706, French forces again occupied the island.
was dissolved, and Saint Christopher was again administered separately.
was reformed. A lieutenant governor was appointed to oversee Saint Christopher, subordinate to the Governor of Antigua, viceroy in the reformed colony.
and Anguilla
under a single presidency based in Saint Christopher and named Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla
.
achieved separation, and the state was renamed Saint Christopher and Nevis.
On 19 September 1983, Saint Kitts and Nevis achieved independence from the United Kingdom. For a list of viceroys after independence, see Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis.
Saint Kitts
Saint Kitts Saint Kitts Saint Kitts (also known more formally as Saint Christopher Island (Saint-Christophe in French) is an island in the West Indies. The west side of the island borders the Caribbean Sea, and the eastern coast faces the Atlantic Ocean...
), from the start of English colonisation in 1623 and French colonisation in 1625, until the island's independence from the United Kingdom
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
as Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Kitts and Nevis
The Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis , located in the Leeward Islands, is a federal two-island nation in the West Indies. It is the smallest sovereign state in the Americas, in both area and population....
in 1983.
English Governors of Saint Christopher (1623–1666)
- Sir Thomas WarnerThomas Warner (explorer)Sir Thomas Warner was an explorer and a captain. He is famous for settling on Saint Kitts, the first English colony in the Caribbean in 1624.-Early life:...
, 1623–1649 - Rowland Rich (or Redge), 1649–1651
- Clement Everard, 1651–1660
- William WattsWilliam Watts (governor)William Watts was a British colonial governor. He was Deputy Governor of Anguilla from 1660 to 1666....
, 1660–1666
In 1666, war broke between the French and English colonies, and the French gained control of the entire island.
French Governors of Saint-Christophe (1625–1713)
- Pierre Belain, Sieur d'Esnambac, 1625–1636
- Pierre du Halde, 1636–1638
- René de Bécualt, sieur de La Grange Formenteau, 1638–1639
- Phillippe de Longvilliers de Poincy, 1639–1644, first time
- Robert Lonvilliers de Poincy, 1644–1646
- Phillippe de Longvilliers de Poincy, 1646–1660, second time
- Charles de Sales, 1660–1666
- Claude de Roux de Saint-Laurent, 1666–1689
- Charles Peychpeyrou-Comminge de Guitaut, 1689–1690
Between 1690 and 1697, English had control of the entire island.
- Jean-Baptiste de Gennes, 1698–1702.
In 1702, English forces again seized control of the entire island. The Treaty of Utrecht
Treaty of Utrecht
The Treaty of Utrecht, which established the Peace of Utrecht, comprises a series of individual peace treaties, rather than a single document, signed by the belligerents in the War of Spanish Succession, in the Dutch city of Utrecht in March and April 1713...
of 1713, finally ceded the entire island to Great Britain.
English Deputy Governors of Saint Christopher (1671–1769)
The 1667 Treaty of Breda restored the English portions of the island to its owners. In 1671, Saint Christopher joined the British Leeward IslandsBritish Leeward Islands
The British Leeward Islands was a British colony existing between 1833 and 1960, and consisting of Antigua, Barbuda, the British Virgin Islands, Montserrat, Saint Kitts, Nevis, Anguilla and Dominica....
, which was administered from Antigua
Antigua
Antigua , also known as Waladli, is an island in the West Indies, in the Leeward Islands in the Caribbean region, the main island of the country of Antigua and Barbuda. Antigua means "ancient" in Spanish and was named by Christopher Columbus after an icon in Seville Cathedral, Santa Maria de la...
by the Governor of the Leeward Islands. Until 1769, a deputy governor was appointed to oversee local affairs.
- Abednego Mathew, 1671–1681
- Thomas Hill, 1682–1697
- James Norton, 1697–1701
- Walter Hamilton, 1704–1706
In 1706, French forces again occupied the island.
- Michael Lambert, 1706–1715
- William Mathews, Jr., 1715–1733
- Gilbert Fleming, 1733–1769
Governors of Saint Christopher (1816–1833)
In 1816, the British Leeward IslandsBritish Leeward Islands
The British Leeward Islands was a British colony existing between 1833 and 1960, and consisting of Antigua, Barbuda, the British Virgin Islands, Montserrat, Saint Kitts, Nevis, Anguilla and Dominica....
was dissolved, and Saint Christopher was again administered separately.
- Stedman Rawlins, 1816
- Thomas Probyn, 1816–1821
- Charles William Maxwell, 1821–1832
- General Sir William Nicolay, 1832–1833
Lieutenant Governors of Saint Christopher (1833–1870)
In 1833, the British Leeward IslandsBritish Leeward Islands
The British Leeward Islands was a British colony existing between 1833 and 1960, and consisting of Antigua, Barbuda, the British Virgin Islands, Montserrat, Saint Kitts, Nevis, Anguilla and Dominica....
was reformed. A lieutenant governor was appointed to oversee Saint Christopher, subordinate to the Governor of Antigua, viceroy in the reformed colony.
- John Lyons Nixon 1833–1836
- Henry George Macleod, 1836–1839
- Charles CunninghamCharles CunninghamSir Charles Cunningham KCH was an officer of the Royal Navy during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century. He saw action during the American War of Independence and the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, eventually rising to the rank of Rear-Admiral.-Early life:Cunningham was born...
, 1839–1847 - Robert James MackintoshRobert James MackintoshRobert James Mackintosh , son of Sir James Mackintosh and his second wife, was a British colonial governor. As Governor of Antigua, he was the viceroy in the Leeward Islands colony between 1850 and 1855....
, 1847–1850 - Edward Hay Drummond HayEdward Hay Drummond HaySir Edward Hay Drummond-Hay was a British naval officer, diplomat and colonial administrator.He was born in England, son of Captain Edward Drummond Hay, who was a nephew of the ninth Earl of Kinnoul, and educated at Charterhouse and was a Colonel of the 5th West India Regiment from 6 November 1854...
, 1850–1855 - Hercules George Robert Robinson, 1855–1859
- Benjamin Chilley Campbell Pine, 1860–1866
- James George Mackenzie, 1867–1869
- William Wellington Cairns, 1869–1870
Presidents of Saint Christopher (1870–1883)
- Francis Spencer Wigley, 1870–1872, first time
- James Samuel Berridge, 1872–1873
- Alexander Wilson Moir, 1873–1883
Presidents of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla (1883–1888)
In 1883, Saint Christopher was united with NevisNevis
Nevis is an island in the Caribbean Sea, located near the northern end of the Lesser Antilles archipelago, about 350 km east-southeast of Puerto Rico and 80 km west of Antigua. The 93 km² island is part of the inner arc of the Leeward Islands chain of the West Indies...
and Anguilla
Anguilla
Anguilla is a British overseas territory and overseas territory of the European Union in the Caribbean. It is one of the most northerly of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles, lying east of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands and directly north of Saint Martin...
under a single presidency based in Saint Christopher and named Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla
Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla
Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla was historically an overseas territory of the United Kingdom located in the Caribbean Sea. This entity later became a province to the short lived West Indies Federation in 1958...
.
- Charles Monroe Eldridge, 1883–1885
- Francis Spencer Wigley, 1885–1888
Commissioners of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla (1889–1895)
- John Kemys Spencer-Churchill, 1889–1895
Administrators of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla (1895–1967)
- Thomas Riseley Griffith, 1895–1899
- Charles Thomas Cox, 1899–1904
- Sir Robert Bromley, 1904–1906
- Thomas Laurence Roxburgh, 1906–1916
- John Alder BurdonJohn BurdonMajor Sir John Alder Burdon was Governor-General of British Honduras from 1925 to 1932. He also wrote Brief Sketch of British Honduras, Past, Present and Future ....
, 1916–1925 - Thomas Reginald St. Johnston, 1925–1929
- Terence Charles Macnaghten, 1929–1931
- Douglas Roy Stewart, 1931–1940
- James Dundas Harford, 1940–1947
- Leslie Stuart Greening, 1947–1949
- Frederick Mitchell Noad, 1949
- Hugh Burrowes, 1949–1956
- Henry Anthony Camillo HowardHenry Anthony Camillo HowardHenry Anthony Camillo Howard was a British journalist, military officer, and colonial leader in the Caribbean.- Early life and family :...
, 1956–1966 - Frederick Albert PhillipsFrederick Albert PhillipsSir Frederick "Fred" Albert Phillips CVO was a Kittian politician. He served as the first black Governor of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla from February 27, 1967 to 1969. Prior to serving as governor, he served as Administrator from 1966-1967...
, 1966–27 February 1967
Governors of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla (1967–1980)
In 1967, Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla became and associated state of the United Kingdom, responsible for its own internal affairs.- Sir Frederick Albert PhillipsFrederick Albert PhillipsSir Frederick "Fred" Albert Phillips CVO was a Kittian politician. He served as the first black Governor of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla from February 27, 1967 to 1969. Prior to serving as governor, he served as Administrator from 1966-1967...
, 27 February 1967–1969, continued - Milton Pensonville Allan, 1969–1975, acting to August 1972
- Sir Probyn Ellsworth-Innis, 1975–13 April 1980
Governors of Saint Christopher and Nevis (1980–1983)
In 1980, AnguillaAnguilla
Anguilla is a British overseas territory and overseas territory of the European Union in the Caribbean. It is one of the most northerly of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles, lying east of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands and directly north of Saint Martin...
achieved separation, and the state was renamed Saint Christopher and Nevis.
- Sir Probyn Ellsworth-Innis, 13 April 1980–26 November 1981, continued
- Clement Athelston Arrindell, November 1981–19 September 1983
On 19 September 1983, Saint Kitts and Nevis achieved independence from the United Kingdom. For a list of viceroys after independence, see Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis.