Liberalism and radicalism in Hungary
Encyclopedia
This article gives an overview of liberalism and radicalism in Hungary
. It is limited to liberal
and radical
parties
with substantial support, mainly proved by having had a representation in parliament. The sign ⇒ denotes another party in that scheme. For inclusion in this scheme it isn't necessary so that parties labeled themselves as a liberal party.
in Hungary
its program is combined with the strive for independence from of more autonomy inside Austria-Hungary
. The two realists, Deákists and Kossuthists, differ in their attitude towards the Austrian rulers. Both groups are have a conservative liberal or even conservative philosophy in the beginning of the 20th century.
(Szabad Demokratak Szövetsege, member LI
), ELDR), a center market liberal party. Originally also the Young Democrats
chose a liberal profile, but soon they developed into a national-conservative party.
and in 1924, it was renamed the Kossuth Party. It was disbanded by 1945.
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
. It is limited to liberal
Liberalism
Liberalism is the belief in the importance of liberty and equal rights. Liberals espouse a wide array of views depending on their understanding of these principles, but generally, liberals support ideas such as constitutionalism, liberal democracy, free and fair elections, human rights,...
and radical
Radicalization
Radicalization is the process in which an individual changes from passiveness or activism to become more revolutionary, militant or extremist. Radicalization is often associated with youth, adversity, alienation, social exclusion, poverty, or the perception of injustice to self or others.-...
parties
Political party
A political party is a political organization that typically seeks to influence government policy, usually by nominating their own candidates and trying to seat them in political office. Parties participate in electoral campaigns, educational outreach or protest actions...
with substantial support, mainly proved by having had a representation in parliament. The sign ⇒ denotes another party in that scheme. For inclusion in this scheme it isn't necessary so that parties labeled themselves as a liberal party.
Background
From the starting of liberalismLiberalism
Liberalism is the belief in the importance of liberty and equal rights. Liberals espouse a wide array of views depending on their understanding of these principles, but generally, liberals support ideas such as constitutionalism, liberal democracy, free and fair elections, human rights,...
in Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
its program is combined with the strive for independence from of more autonomy inside Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary , more formally known as the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of Saint Stephen, was a constitutional monarchic union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary in...
. The two realists, Deákists and Kossuthists, differ in their attitude towards the Austrian rulers. Both groups are have a conservative liberal or even conservative philosophy in the beginning of the 20th century.
History
In the antebellum period, liberalism was very successful and led by the party of Károlyi, but after the communist revolution of 1919, and during the conservative regency, liberalism became limited to small city-based parties. After the 1988 end of communist rule, liberalism reconstitutes itself in the Alliance of Free DemocratsAlliance of Free Democrats
The Alliance of Free Democrats – Hungarian Liberal Party is a liberal party in Hungary, led since July 2010 by Viktor Szabadai . The SZDSZ is a member of the ELDR and of Liberal International...
(Szabad Demokratak Szövetsege, member LI
Liberal International
Liberal International is a political international federation for liberal parties. Its headquarters is located at 1 Whitehall Place, London, SW1A 2HD within the National Liberal Club. It was founded in Oxford in 1947, and has become the pre-eminent network for liberal parties and for the...
), ELDR), a center market liberal party. Originally also the Young Democrats
Hungarian Civic Union
Hungarian Civic Union may refer to:*Fidesz – Hungarian Civic Union, a centre-right political party in Hungary*Another name for the Hungarian Civic Party, a political party representing the Hungarian minority in Romania...
chose a liberal profile, but soon they developed into a national-conservative party.
Opposition
- 1847: Liberal opposition led by Ferenc DeákFerenc DeákFerenc Deák de Kehida , , was a Hungarian statesman and Minister of Justice. He was known as "The Wise Man of the Nation".-Early life and law career:...
and Lajos KossuthLajos KossuthLajos Kossuth de Udvard et Kossuthfalva was a Hungarian lawyer, journalist, politician and Regent-President of Hungary in 1849. He was widely honored during his lifetime, including in the United Kingdom and the United States, as a freedom fighter and bellwether of democracy in Europe.-Family:Lajos...
formed the Opposition Party. - 1849: The party is banned.
Radical Party
- 1849: Radical liberals formed the illegal Radical Party.
- 1868: The party joined with the new 1848 Party.
From Address Party to Liberal Party
- 1861: The moderate followers of Ferenc DeákFerenc DeákFerenc Deák de Kehida , , was a Hungarian statesman and Minister of Justice. He was known as "The Wise Man of the Nation".-Early life and law career:...
formed the Address Party. - 1866: After a compromise with the Austrian rulers, the party is reorganized into the conservative liberal Deák Party.
- 1875: The party merged with the conservative Left Center into the conservative liberal Liberal Party.
- 1876: The liberal wing seceded as the Independent Liberal Party.
- 1899: The National Party joined the party.
- 1904: The National Party seceded from the party.
- 1906: The party was dissolved.
From Extreme Left to Kossuth Party
- 1867: Going back to the traditions of the Opposition, liberals formed the Independence and 1848 Party.
- 1868: The party united with the former radicals into the Independence and 1848 Party.
- 1874: A faction seceded and formed the Independence Party.
- 1884: The parties reunited into the Independence and 1848 Party.
- 1895: An agrarian faction formed the Independence and 1848 Party of Ug.
- 1904: The parties reunited.
- 1905: The National Party joined.
- 1908: A left-wing faction seceded as the Left Party.
- 1909: A conservative faction formed the 1848 Independence Kossuth Party.
- 1910: The Left Party rejoined the party.
- 1912: The radical Countrywide Republican Party seceded.
- 1913: The party merged with the 1848 Independence Kossuth Party into the United Independence and 1848 Party.
- 1916: The liberal wing seceded as the Independence and 1848 Károlyí Party.
- 1919: The party, now a conservative party, is renamed Independence and 1848 Party
and in 1924, it was renamed the Kossuth Party. It was disbanded by 1945.
Independence Party
- 1874: A faction of the 1848 Party formed the Independence Party.
- 1884: The parties reunited into the Independence and 1848 Party.
From Independent Liberal Party to National Party
- 1876: The liberal wing of the Liberal Party formed the Independent Liberal Party.
- 1878: It joined the more conservative groups and the United Opposition was formed.
- 1881: The party is reorganised into the Moderate Opposition.
- 1891: The party is renamed National Party.
- 1899: It joined the Liberal Party.
- 1904: The party seceded from the Liberal Party.
- 1905: It joined the Independence and 1848 Party.
From Communal Democratic Party to Civic Democratic Party
- 1894: Budapest liberals formed the Civic Democratic Party.
- 1900: The party is reorganized into a national party and named Civic Democratic Party.
- 1918: The party split into the National Socialist Party and the Liberal Citizen's Party.
- 1919: The parties reunited into the National Democratic Party.
- 1926: The party merged with the FKFPP into the Independent National Democratic Party.
- 1928: The former FKPP secedes and the party is renamed National Democratic Party.
- 1942: The party was dissolved.
- 1944: The party is reorganized into the Civic Democratic Party.
- 1949: The PDP joined the left-wing non-Marxist Hungarian Radical Party.
Left Party
- 1908: A left-wing faction of the Independence and 1848 Party formed the Left Party.
- 1910: The party rejoined with the Independence and 1848 Party.
Countrywide Republican Party
- 1912: A radical faction of the Independence and 1848 Party formed the Countrywide Republican Party.
- 1913: The party is banned.
Independence and 1948 Károlyi Party
- 1916: The liberal wing of the United Independence and 1848 Party formed the Independence and 1848 Party, led by Mihály KárolyiMihály KárolyiCount Mihály Ádám György Miklós Károlyi de Nagykároly was briefly Hungary's leader in 1918-19 during a short-lived democracy...
. - 1919: After a communist coup, the party is dissolved.
Countrywide Civic Radical Party
- 1916: Radical liberals formed the Countrywide Civic Radical Party.
- 1919: The party was dissolved.
Liberal Citizens' Party
- 1918: A faction of the Civic Democratic Party formed the Liberal Citizens' Party.
- 1919: The parties reunited into the National Democratic Party.
From Independence Party of Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Citizens to Civic Freedom Party
- 1921: Károly Rassay formed, in an attempt to find liberal support outside the cities, the liberal Independence Party of Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Citizens.
- 1926: The party merged into the Independent National Democratic Party.
- 1928: The party is reconstituted as the National Liberal Party.
- 1934: The party is renamed the Civic Freedom Party.
- 1944: The remnants of the party joined the Civic Democratic Party.
Alliance of Free Democrats
- 1988: Just before the collapse of the communist regime, the liberals Alliance of Free DemocratsAlliance of Free DemocratsThe Alliance of Free Democrats – Hungarian Liberal Party is a liberal party in Hungary, led since July 2010 by Viktor Szabadai . The SZDSZ is a member of the ELDR and of Liberal International...
party was formed. - 2010: The Alliance of Free Democrats fell out of the Parliament, and split into several parties.
Liberal leaders
- 19th century: Lajos KossuthLajos KossuthLajos Kossuth de Udvard et Kossuthfalva was a Hungarian lawyer, journalist, politician and Regent-President of Hungary in 1849. He was widely honored during his lifetime, including in the United Kingdom and the United States, as a freedom fighter and bellwether of democracy in Europe.-Family:Lajos...
, Ferenc DeákFerenc DeákFerenc Deák de Kehida , , was a Hungarian statesman and Minister of Justice. He was known as "The Wise Man of the Nation".-Early life and law career:... - Alliance of Free Democrats: Árpád GönczÁrpád GönczÁrpád Göncz is a Hungarian liberal politician and former President of Hungary . Göncz played a role in the Hungarian Revolution of 1956...
See also
- History of HungaryHistory of HungaryHungary is a country in central Europe. Its history under this name dates to the early Middle Ages, when the Pannonian Basin was colonized by the Magyars, a semi-nomadic people from what is now central-northern Russia...
- Politics of HungaryPolitics of HungaryPolitics of Hungary takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic. The Prime Minister is the head of government of a pluriform multi-party system, while the President is the head of state and holds a largely ceremonial position.Executive power is exercised by the...
- List of political parties in Hungary