Leptolinae
Encyclopedia
Leptolinae are a cnidaria
n subclass
of the Hydrozoa
. They contain the bulk of the paraphyletic "Hydroida
" which were one of the main groupings of the Hydrozoa in older classifications and were placed at order
rank. They also include, however, the highly advanced colonial jellies of the Siphonophora
, which were not included in the "Hydroida".
use the younger alternate names Hydroidolina or Hydroidomedusa for Leptolina(e).
SUBCLASS LEPTOLINAE
however, are also often seen. They do not unite the Leptolinae in a monophyletic taxon
and thus do not have any merit according to modern understanding of hydrozoan phylogeny.
The traditional 19th-century system had the Leptominae dispersed among the following taxa:
A very old classification that is sometimes still seen had them in:
The system used by Animal Diversity Web
uses:
Catalogue of Life
uses:
Cnidaria
Cnidaria is a phylum containing over 9,000 species of animals found exclusively in aquatic and mostly marine environments. Their distinguishing feature is cnidocytes, specialized cells that they use mainly for capturing prey. Their bodies consist of mesoglea, a non-living jelly-like substance,...
n subclass
Class (biology)
In biological classification, class is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, order, family, genus, and species, with class fitting between phylum and order...
of the Hydrozoa
Hydrozoa
Hydrozoa are a taxonomic class of very small, predatory animals which can be solitary or colonial and which mostly live in saltwater. A few genera within this class live in freshwater...
. They contain the bulk of the paraphyletic "Hydroida
Hydroida
Hydroida is an obsolete cnidarian order which united such animals as hydras, hydromedusae, and many marine attached hydroids. However, the group is paraphyletic and not composed from close relatives...
" which were one of the main groupings of the Hydrozoa in older classifications and were placed at order
Order (biology)
In scientific classification used in biology, the order is# a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, family, genus, and species, with order fitting in between class and family...
rank. They also include, however, the highly advanced colonial jellies of the Siphonophora
Siphonophora
Siphonophorae or Siphonophora, the siphonophores, are an order of the Hydrozoa, a class of marine invertebrates belonging to the phylum Cnidaria. They are colonial, but the colonies can superficially resemble jellyfish; although they appear to be a single organism, each specimen is actually a...
, which were not included in the "Hydroida".
Systematics
Some sources (e,g, ITISItis
Itis may refer to* Integrated Taxonomic Information System, a partnership designed to provide consistent and reliable information on the taxonomy of biological species...
use the younger alternate names Hydroidolina or Hydroidomedusa for Leptolina(e).
SUBCLASS LEPTOLINAE
- Order AnthomedusaeAnthomedusaeAnthomedusae or Anthomedusa, the athecate hydroids, are an order of the Hydrozoa, a class of marine invertebrates belonging to the phylum Cnidaria...
- includes Laingoimedusae but monophylyMonophylyIn common cladistic usage, a monophyletic group is a taxon which forms a clade, meaning that it contains all the descendants of the possibly hypothetical closest common ancestor of the members of the group. The term is synonymous with the uncommon term holophyly...
requires verification- Suborder Capitata
- Suborder Filifera
- Order LeptomedusaeLeptomedusaeLeptomedusae or Leptomedusa, commonly called thecate hydroids, are a cnidarian order in the subclass Leptolinae. They were formerly placed at suborder rank in the paraphyletic "Hydroida"...
- Suborder ConicaConica (Hydrozoa)Conica are a cnidarian suborder of the Leptomedusae . They make up the bulk of their order; their internal relationships are not well resolved, and most of the roughly 30 families are not yet assigned to a superfamily....
- Suborder Proboscidoidea
- Suborder Conica
- Order Siphonophorae
- Suborder Calycophorae
- Suborder Cystonectae
- Suborder Physonectae
Other classifications
Other hydrozoan classifications, which are beset by paraphylyParaphyly
A group of taxa is said to be paraphyletic if the group consists of all the descendants of a hypothetical closest common ancestor minus one or more monophyletic groups of descendants...
however, are also often seen. They do not unite the Leptolinae in a monophyletic taxon
Taxon
|thumb|270px|[[African elephants]] form a widely-accepted taxon, the [[genus]] LoxodontaA taxon is a group of organisms, which a taxonomist adjudges to be a unit. Usually a taxon is given a name and a rank, although neither is a requirement...
and thus do not have any merit according to modern understanding of hydrozoan phylogeny.
The traditional 19th-century system had the Leptominae dispersed among the following taxa:
- Order Anthoathecatae
- Order Laingiomedusae
- Order SiphonophoraSiphonophoraSiphonophorae or Siphonophora, the siphonophores, are an order of the Hydrozoa, a class of marine invertebrates belonging to the phylum Cnidaria. They are colonial, but the colonies can superficially resemble jellyfish; although they appear to be a single organism, each specimen is actually a...
- Suborders AnthomedusaeAnthomedusaeAnthomedusae or Anthomedusa, the athecate hydroids, are an order of the Hydrozoa, a class of marine invertebrates belonging to the phylum Cnidaria...
and LeptomedusaeLeptomedusaeLeptomedusae or Leptomedusa, commonly called thecate hydroids, are a cnidarian order in the subclass Leptolinae. They were formerly placed at suborder rank in the paraphyletic "Hydroida"...
of order HydroidaHydroidaHydroida is an obsolete cnidarian order which united such animals as hydras, hydromedusae, and many marine attached hydroids. However, the group is paraphyletic and not composed from close relatives...
A very old classification that is sometimes still seen had them in:
- Order HydroidaHydroidaHydroida is an obsolete cnidarian order which united such animals as hydras, hydromedusae, and many marine attached hydroids. However, the group is paraphyletic and not composed from close relatives...
- Order Siphonophorida
- Order Stylasterina
The system used by Animal Diversity Web
Animal Diversity Web
Animal Diversity Web is an online database that collects the natural history, classification, species characteristics, conservation biology, and distribution information of thousands of species of animals...
uses:
- Order Capitata
- Order Filifera
- Order HydroidaHydroidaHydroida is an obsolete cnidarian order which united such animals as hydras, hydromedusae, and many marine attached hydroids. However, the group is paraphyletic and not composed from close relatives...
- Order SiphonophoraSiphonophoraSiphonophorae or Siphonophora, the siphonophores, are an order of the Hydrozoa, a class of marine invertebrates belonging to the phylum Cnidaria. They are colonial, but the colonies can superficially resemble jellyfish; although they appear to be a single organism, each specimen is actually a...
Catalogue of Life
Catalogue of Life
The Catalogue of Life, started in June 2001 by Species 2000 and Integrated Taxonomic Information System , is planned to become a comprehensive catalogue of all known species of organisms on Earth by the year 2011. 66 taxonomic databases with contributions from more than 3,000 specialists from...
uses:
- Order Anthoathecata
- Order HydroidaHydroidaHydroida is an obsolete cnidarian order which united such animals as hydras, hydromedusae, and many marine attached hydroids. However, the group is paraphyletic and not composed from close relatives...
- Order Laingiomedusae
- Order Leptothecata
- Order SiphonophoraSiphonophoraSiphonophorae or Siphonophora, the siphonophores, are an order of the Hydrozoa, a class of marine invertebrates belonging to the phylum Cnidaria. They are colonial, but the colonies can superficially resemble jellyfish; although they appear to be a single organism, each specimen is actually a...