Lena Horne: The Lady and Her Music
Encyclopedia
Lena Horne: The Lady and Her Music was a 1981 Broadway musical revue
Revue
A revue is a type of multi-act popular theatrical entertainment that combines music, dance and sketches. The revue has its roots in 19th century American popular entertainment and melodrama but grew into a substantial cultural presence of its own during its golden years from 1916 to 1932...

, written for and starring American singer and actress Lena Horne
Lena Horne
Lena Mary Calhoun Horne was an American singer, actress, civil rights activist and dancer.Horne joined the chorus of the Cotton Club at the age of sixteen and became a nightclub performer before moving to Hollywood, where she had small parts in numerous movies, and more substantial parts in the...

. The musical was produced by Michael Frazier and Fred Walker, and the subsequent musical soundtrack was produced by Quincy Jones
Quincy Jones
Quincy Delightt Jones, Jr. is an American record producer and musician. A conductor, musical arranger, film composer, television producer, and trumpeter. His career spans five decades in the entertainment industry and a record 79 Grammy Award nominations, 27 Grammys, including a Grammy Legend...

. The show opened on May 12, 1981, and after 333 performances, closed on June 30, 1982, Horne's 65th birthday. Horne then toured the show in the U.S. and Canada, and performed the show in London and Stockholm in the Summer of 1984.

Background

Lena Horne (born June 30, 1917- May 9, 2010), is an American singer and actress. Horne joined the chorus of the Cotton Club
Cotton Club
The Cotton Club was a famous night club in Harlem, New York City that operated during Prohibition that included jazz music. While the club featured many of the greatest African American entertainers of the era, such as Fletcher Henderson, Duke Ellington, Adelaide Hall, Count Basie, Bessie Smith,...

 at the age of sixteen and became a band singer and nightclub performer before moving to Hollywood where she had small parts in numerous movies, and much more substantial parts in the films Cabin in the Sky
Cabin in the Sky
Cabin in the Sky is a 1943 American musical film with music by Vernon Duke, lyrics by John La Touche, and a musical book by Lynn Root. The musical premiered on Broadway at the Martin Beck Theatre on October 25, 1940. It closed on March 8, 1941 after a total of 156 performances...

and Stormy Weather
Stormy Weather (1943 film)
Stormy Weather is a 1943 American musical film produced and released by 20th Century Fox. The film is one of two major Hollywood musicals produced in 1943 with primarily African-American casts, the other being MGM's Cabin in the Sky, and is considered a time capsule showcasing some of the top...

(1943). Due to the red scare
Red Scare
Durrell Blackwell Durrell Blackwell The term Red Scare denotes two distinct periods of strong Anti-Communism in the United States: the First Red Scare, from 1919 to 1920, and the Second Red Scare, from 1947 to 1957. The First Red Scare was about worker revolution and...

 and her progressive political views, Horne found herself blacklisted and unable to get work in Hollywood
Hollywood, Los Angeles, California
Hollywood is a famous district in Los Angeles, California, United States situated west-northwest of downtown Los Angeles. Due to its fame and cultural identity as the historical center of movie studios and movie stars, the word Hollywood is often used as a metonym of American cinema...

. She then returned to her roots as a nightclub performer. In the 1960s Horne took part in the March on Washington, and continued to work as a performer, both in nightclubs as well as television. Horne announced her retirement in March 1980, and performed a two month farewell tour of the United States that June.
Only months later, Horne and her manager, Sherman Sneed, conceived of a one woman show for Broadway which became Lena Horne: The Lady and Her Music

Format

Throughout the show Horne sang and danced to a variety of popular songs, songs from Tin Pan Alley
Tin Pan Alley
Tin Pan Alley is the name given to the collection of New York City music publishers and songwriters who dominated the popular music of the United States in the late 19th century and early 20th century...

 and jazz standards, music from films in which she had appeared, and songs specifically written for her. The show sought to portray Horne's life, from her beginnings in show business to the present day.

During the show Horne spoke frankly of the racism that she had encountered in her career, describing how Hollywood producers told her that she opened her mouth too big when she sang, and had devised a special make up for her, "Light Egyptian", which was then applied to white actresses such as Ava Gardner
Ava Gardner
Ava Lavinia Gardner was an American actress.She was signed to a contract by MGM Studios in 1941 and appeared mainly in small roles until she drew attention with her performance in The Killers . She became one of Hollywood's leading actresses, considered one of the most beautiful women of her day...

 and Hedy Lamarr
Hedy Lamarr
Hedy Lamarr was an Austrian-American actress celebrated for her great beauty who was a major contract star of MGM's "Golden Age".Lamarr also co-invented – with composer George Antheil – an early technique for spread spectrum communications and frequency hopping, necessary to wireless...

, who took roles that Horne could have possibly played.

Horne performed her signature song, "Stormy Weather" twice in the show, the first time more subdued than the second, the reprise was recognised by critics as the "indisputiuble high point (of the show)".

Horne was accompanied on stage in many of the songs by dancers and backing singers. The costumes were designed by Giorgio Sant'Angelo.

Critical reception

The Broadway production opened on May 12, 1981, after thirteen previews, and met with an overwhelmingly positive critical response. Stephen Holden
Stephen Holden
Stephen Holden is an American writer, music critic, film critic, and poet.Holden earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in English from Yale University in 1963...

, revewing the subsequent album of the show in Rolling Stone
Rolling Stone
Rolling Stone is a US-based magazine devoted to music, liberal politics, and popular culture that is published every two weeks. Rolling Stone was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner and music critic Ralph J...

, wrote that Horne had "turned the conventions of the one-person extravaganza inside out...Instead of a self-glorifying ego trip, her performance is a shared journey of self-discovery about the human cost (to the audience as well as the singer) of being a symbol", adding that Horne's singing "hits peaks of ferocity, tenderness, playfulness and sheer delight that would have seemed unthinkable in her glamour-girl days...her performance here is a sustained cry of affirmation, and because that affirmation acknowledges the bitterness, cynicism and toughness of the world, it's exceptionally moving in ways that conventionally optimistic musical celebrations rarely are".

Newsweek
Newsweek
Newsweek is an American weekly news magazine published in New York City. It is distributed throughout the United States and internationally. It is the second-largest news weekly magazine in the U.S., having trailed Time in circulation and advertising revenue for most of its existence...

 described Horne as "the most awesome performer to have hit Broadway in years", with the New York Times said Horne "transforms each song...into an intensely personal story that we've never quite heard before".

The show was broadcast on PBS
Public Broadcasting Service
The Public Broadcasting Service is an American non-profit public broadcasting television network with 354 member TV stations in the United States which hold collective ownership. Its headquarters is in Arlington, Virginia....

 on December 7, 1984. New York
New York (magazine)
New York is a weekly magazine principally concerned with the life, culture, politics, and style of New York City. Founded by Milton Glaser and Clay Felker in 1968 as a competitor to The New Yorker, it was brasher and less polite than that magazine, and established itself as a cradle of New...

 magazine's John Leonard positively reviewed the film, adding that Horne transformed "pretty tunes and banal lyrics into something that is both erotic and political, a fretting of raw edges" This performance was later issued on VHS video, it has not been re-issued on DVD as of 2011.

Awards

At the 1981 Drama Desk Award
Drama Desk Award
The Drama Desk Awards, which are given annually in a number of categories, are the only major New York theater honors for which productions on Broadway, Off-Broadway, Off-Off-Broadway compete against each other in the same category...

s, Lena Horne: The Lady and Her Music was nominated for four Drama Desk Awards, winning one. It lost the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Musical to The Pirates of Penzance
The Pirates of Penzance
The Pirates of Penzance; or, The Slave of Duty is a comic opera in two acts, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert. The opera's official premiere was at the Fifth Avenue Theatre in New York City on 31 December 1879, where the show was well received by both audiences...

. Arthur Faria was nominated for the Outstanding Director of a Musical
Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Director of a Musical
The Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Director of a Musical was first awarded at the 1974–1975 Drama Desk Awards and has been awarded every year since...

, and Thomas Skelton for Outstanding Lighting Design. Horne won the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Musical
Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Musical
The Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Musical was first awarded at the 1974-1975 Drama Desk Awards and has been awarded every year since...

. In 1981 Horne also won a special Tony Award
Tony Award
The Antoinette Perry Award for Excellence in Theatre, more commonly known as a Tony Award, recognizes achievement in live Broadway theatre. The awards are presented by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League at an annual ceremony in New York City. The awards are given for Broadway...

 at the 35th Tony Awards
35th Tony Awards
The 35th Annual Tony Awards was broadcast by CBS television on June 7, 1981 from the Mark Hellinger Theatre. The hosts were Ellen Burstyn and Richard Chamberlain...

, a special award from the New York Drama Critics' Circle
New York Drama Critics' Circle
The New York Drama Critics' Circle is made up of 24 drama critics from daily newspapers, magazines and wire services based in the New York City metropolitan area. The organization was founded in 1935 at the Algonquin Hotel by a group that included Brooks Atkinson, Walter Winchell, and Robert Benchley...

, and the City of New York's Handel Medallion
Handel Medallion
The Handel Medallion is an American award presented by the City of New York, New York. It is the city's highest award given to individuals for their contribution to the city's intellectual and cultural life.-Establishment:...

.

At the 24th Grammy Awards, Quincy Jones and Horne won the Grammy Award for Best Musical Show Album
Grammy Award for Best Musical Show Album
The Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album has been awarded since 1959. The award was given only to the album producer, and to the composer and lyricist who wrote at least 51% of the music which had not been recorded previously....

, and Horne won the Grammy for Best Vocal Performance, Female
Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance
The Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance is the latest in a series of awards recognizing superior vocal performance by a female in the pop category, the first of which was presented in 1959. The award goes to the artist...

.

Musical numbers

  • "From This Moment On
    From This Moment On (Cole Porter song)
    "From This Moment On" is a 1951 popular song written by Cole Porter, for his musical Out of This World, where it was dropped, but included in MGM's Kiss Me Kate of 1953...

    "
  • "I Got a Name
    I Got a Name (song)
    "I Got a Name" is a 1973 single recorded by Jim Croce and written by Norman Gimbel and Charles Fox. It was released in 1973 and was the first single from his album of the same name. It reached a peak of 10 on the Billboard Hot 100 after spending 17 weeks on the chart. "I Got a Name" was also the...

    "
  • "I'm Glad There Is You
    I'm Glad There Is You
    I'm Glad There Is You is a song written by Jimmy Dorsey and Paul Madeira first published in 1941...

    "
  • "I Want to Be Happy"
  • "Copper Colored Gal"
  • "Raisin' the Rent"
  • "As Long as I Live
    As Long as I Live
    "As Long as I Live" is a song composed by Harold Arlen, with lyrics by Ted Koehler, it was written for their last show at the Cotton Club Parade, in 1934...

    "
  • "The Lady with the Fan"
  • "Where or When
    Where or When
    "Where or When" is a show tune from the 1937 Rodgers and Hart musical Babes In Arms. It was first performed by Ray Heatherton and Mitzi Green. That same year, Hal Kemp recorded a popular version. It also appeared in the movie of the same title two years later...

    "
  • "Can't Help Lovin' Dat Man
    Can't Help Lovin' Dat Man
    "Can't Help Lovin' Dat Man" with music by Jerome Kern, and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II, is one of the most famous songs from their classic 1927 musical play Show Boat, adapted from Edna Ferber's novel.-Context:...

    "
  • "Just One of Those Things"
  • "Stormy Weather"
  • "Love"
  • "Push de Button"

  • "The Lady Is a Tramp
    The Lady Is a Tramp
    "The Lady Is a Tramp" is a show tune from the 1937 Rodgers and Hart musical Babes In Arms in which it was introduced by former child star Mitzi Green. This song is a spoof of New York high society and its strict etiquette...

    "
  • "Yesterday, When I Was Young"
  • "'Deed I Do"
  • "Life Goes On"
  • "Watch What Happens"
  • "The Surrey with the Fringe on Top
    The Surrey With the Fringe On Top
    "The Surrey with the Fringe on Top" is a show tune from the 1943 Rodgers and Hammerstein musical, Oklahoma! It is the second song of the show, following the opening number, "Oh What a Beautiful Mornin'."...

    "
  • "Fly"
  • "Bewitched, Bothered and Bewildered
    Bewitched, Bothered and Bewildered
    "Bewitched, Bothered and Bewildered" is a show tune and popular song from the 1940 Rodgers and Hart musical Pal Joey. The song was introduced by Vivienne Segal in the 1940 Broadway production, and also sung by Miss Segal both on the 1950 hit record and in the 1952 Broadway revival...

    "
  • "A Lady Must Live"
  • "That's What Miracles Are All About"
  • "I'm Gonna Sit Right Down and Write Myself a Letter
    I'm Gonna Sit Right Down and Write Myself a Letter
    "I'm Gonna Sit Right Down and Write Myself a Letter" is a 1935 popular song with music by Fred E. Ahlert and lyrics by Joe Young. It has been recorded many times, and has become a standard of the Great American Songbook....

    "
  • "If You Believe"


Soundtrack

The soundtrack of the show was produced by Quincy Jones
Quincy Jones
Quincy Delightt Jones, Jr. is an American record producer and musician. A conductor, musical arranger, film composer, television producer, and trumpeter. His career spans five decades in the entertainment industry and a record 79 Grammy Award nominations, 27 Grammys, including a Grammy Legend...

 and released by Jones' record label, Qwest Records
Qwest Records
Qwest Records is the American record label started by Quincy Jones in 1980 as a joint venture with Warner Bros. Records, and owned byWarner Music Group. although Quincy was still under contract with A&M records through 1981. George Benson's 1980 Give Me the Night LP was the first release on Qwest,...

. At the Grammy Awards of 1982
Grammy Awards of 1982
The 24th Grammy Awards were held February 24, 1982, and were broadcast live on American television. They recognized accomplishments by musicians from the year 1981...

, Quincy Jones and Horne won the Grammy Award for Best Musical Show Album
Grammy Award for Best Musical Show Album
The Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album has been awarded since 1959. The award was given only to the album producer, and to the composer and lyricist who wrote at least 51% of the music which had not been recorded previously....

, and Horne won the Grammy for Best Vocal Performance, Female
Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance
The Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance is the latest in a series of awards recognizing superior vocal performance by a female in the pop category, the first of which was presented in 1959. The award goes to the artist...

.

Track listing

  1. Overture – 3:23
  2. "From This Moment On
    From This Moment On (Cole Porter song)
    "From This Moment On" is a 1951 popular song written by Cole Porter, for his musical Out of This World, where it was dropped, but included in MGM's Kiss Me Kate of 1953...

    " (Cole Porter
    Cole Porter
    Cole Albert Porter was an American composer and songwriter. Born to a wealthy family in Indiana, he defied the wishes of his domineering grandfather and took up music as a profession. Classically trained, he was drawn towards musical theatre...

    ) – 2:08
  3. "I Got a Name
    I Got a Name (song)
    "I Got a Name" is a 1973 single recorded by Jim Croce and written by Norman Gimbel and Charles Fox. It was released in 1973 and was the first single from his album of the same name. It reached a peak of 10 on the Billboard Hot 100 after spending 17 weeks on the chart. "I Got a Name" was also the...

    " (Charles Fox
    Charles Fox (composer)
    Charles Ira Fox is an American composer for film and television. His most heard compositions are probably the "love themes" , and the dramatic theme music to ABC's Wide World of Sports and the original Monday Night Football.....

    , Norman Gimbel
    Norman Gimbel
    Norman Gimbel is an American lyricist of popular songs, television and movie themes whose writing career includes such titles as "Sway", "Canadian Sunset", "Summer Samba", "The Girl from Ipanema", "Killing Me Softly With His Song", "Meditation" and "I Will Wait for You", along with an Oscar for...

    ) – 4:00
  4. "I'm Glad There Is You
    I'm Glad There Is You
    I'm Glad There Is You is a song written by Jimmy Dorsey and Paul Madeira first published in 1941...

    " (Jimmy Dorsey
    Jimmy Dorsey
    James "Jimmy" Dorsey was a prominent American jazz clarinetist, saxophonist, trumpeter, composer, and big band leader. He was known as "JD"...

    , Paul Mertz) – 3:07
  5. "I Want to Be Happy" – 2:50
  6. "Copper Colored Gal" – 1:24
  7. "Raisin' the Rent" – 0:55
  8. "As Long as I Live
    As Long as I Live
    "As Long as I Live" is a song composed by Harold Arlen, with lyrics by Ted Koehler, it was written for their last show at the Cotton Club Parade, in 1934...

    " (Harold Arlen
    Harold Arlen
    Harold Arlen was an American composer of popular music, having written over 500 songs, a number of which have become known the world over. In addition to composing the songs for The Wizard of Oz, including the classic 1938 song, "Over the Rainbow,” Arlen is a highly regarded contributor to the...

    , Ted Koehler
    Ted Koehler
    Ted L. Koehler was an American lyricist.-Life and career:Koehler was born in Washington, D.C. He started out as a photo-engraver but was attracted to the music business, where he started out as a theater pianist for silent films. He moved on to write for vaudeville shows and Broadway, and he also...

    ) – 2:15
  9. "The Lady with the Fan" – 1:11
  10. Cotton Club to Hollywood (Dialogue) – 1:05
  11. "Where or When
    Where or When
    "Where or When" is a show tune from the 1937 Rodgers and Hart musical Babes In Arms. It was first performed by Ray Heatherton and Mitzi Green. That same year, Hal Kemp recorded a popular version. It also appeared in the movie of the same title two years later...

     (Hollywood Sequence)" (Richard Rodgers
    Richard Rodgers
    Richard Charles Rodgers was an American composer of music for more than 900 songs and for 43 Broadway musicals. He also composed music for films and television. He is best known for his songwriting partnerships with the lyricists Lorenz Hart and Oscar Hammerstein II...

    , Lorenz Hart
    Lorenz Hart
    Lorenz "Larry" Milton Hart was the lyricist half of the famed Broadway songwriting team Rodgers and Hart...

    ) – 2:10
  12. "Can't Help Lovin' Dat Man
    Can't Help Lovin' Dat Man
    "Can't Help Lovin' Dat Man" with music by Jerome Kern, and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II, is one of the most famous songs from their classic 1927 musical play Show Boat, adapted from Edna Ferber's novel.-Context:...

    " (Jerome Kern
    Jerome Kern
    Jerome David Kern was an American composer of musical theatre and popular music. One of the most important American theatre composers of the early 20th century, he wrote more than 700 songs, used in over 100 stage works, including such classics as "Ol' Man River", "Can't Help Lovin' Dat Man", "A...

    , Oscar Hammerstein II
    Oscar Hammerstein II
    Oscar Greeley Clendenning Hammerstein II was an American librettist, theatrical producer, and theatre director of musicals for almost forty years. Hammerstein won eight Tony Awards and was twice awarded an Academy Award for "Best Original Song". Many of his songs are standard repertoire for...

    ) – 2:33
  13. Hollywood (Dialogue) – 1:36
  14. "Just One of Those Things" (Porter) – 0:38
  15. "Stormy Weather, Pt. 1" (Arlen, Koehler) – 2:39
  16. "Love" – 1:54
  17. "Broadway (Dialogue)" – 1:22
  18. "Push de Button" – 3:18
  19. "The Lady Is a Tramp
    The Lady Is a Tramp
    "The Lady Is a Tramp" is a show tune from the 1937 Rodgers and Hart musical Babes In Arms in which it was introduced by former child star Mitzi Green. This song is a spoof of New York high society and its strict etiquette...

    " (Rodgers, Hart) – 2:57
  20. "Yesterday, When I Was Young (Her Encore)" (Charles Aznavour
    Charles Aznavour
    Charles Aznavour, OC is an Armenian-French singer, songwriter, actor, public activist and diplomat. Besides being one of France's most popular and enduring singers, he is also one of the best-known singers in the world...

    , Herbert Kretzmer
    Herbert Kretzmer
    Herbert Kretzmer OBE is a South African-born English journalist and lyric writer. He is perhaps best known as the lyricist for the English-language musical adaptation of Les Misérables.-Journalist:...

    ) – 5:44
  21. "'Deed I Do" (Walter Hirsch, Fred Rose
    Fred Rose (musician)
    Fred Rose was an American Hall of Fame songwriter and music publishing executive.-Biography:Born in Evansville, Indiana, Fred Rose started playing piano and singing as a small boy. In his teens, he moved to Chicago, Illinois where he worked in bars busking for tips, and finally vaudeville...

    ) – 4:10
  22. "Life Goes On" – 3:33
  23. "Watch What Happens" (Norman Gimbel
    Norman Gimbel
    Norman Gimbel is an American lyricist of popular songs, television and movie themes whose writing career includes such titles as "Sway", "Canadian Sunset", "Summer Samba", "The Girl from Ipanema", "Killing Me Softly With His Song", "Meditation" and "I Will Wait for You", along with an Oscar for...

    , Michel Legrand
    Michel Legrand
    Michel Jean Legrand is a French musical composer, arranger, conductor, and pianist...

    ) – 3:09
  24. "The Surrey with the Fringe on Top
    The Surrey With the Fringe On Top
    "The Surrey with the Fringe on Top" is a show tune from the 1943 Rodgers and Hammerstein musical, Oklahoma! It is the second song of the show, following the opening number, "Oh What a Beautiful Mornin'."...

    " (Rodgers, Hammerstein) – 3:46
  25. "Fly" – 5:30
  26. "Bewitched, Bothered and Bewildered
    Bewitched, Bothered and Bewildered
    "Bewitched, Bothered and Bewildered" is a show tune and popular song from the 1940 Rodgers and Hart musical Pal Joey. The song was introduced by Vivienne Segal in the 1940 Broadway production, and also sung by Miss Segal both on the 1950 hit record and in the 1952 Broadway revival...

    " (Rodgers, Hart) – 6:33
  27. "A Lady Must Live" – 2:36
  28. "Love This Business (Dialogue)" – 1:53
  29. "That's What Miracles Are All About" – 3:58
  30. "Early Career (Dialogue)" – 8:13
  31. "I'm Gonna Sit Right Down and Write Myself a Letter
    I'm Gonna Sit Right Down and Write Myself a Letter
    "I'm Gonna Sit Right Down and Write Myself a Letter" is a 1935 popular song with music by Fred E. Ahlert and lyrics by Joe Young. It has been recorded many times, and has become a standard of the Great American Songbook....

    " (Fred E. Ahlert
    Fred E. Ahlert
    Frederick Emil Ahlert was an American composer and songwriter. He received a degree from Fordham Law School, but instead of pursuing a legal career he began work as an arranger, initially for Irving Aaronson and his Commanders and then for composer and band-leader Fred Waring...

    , Joe Young) – 3:19
  32. "Stormy Weather, Pt. 2" – 4:50
  33. "If You Believe" – 2:23
  34. "Stormy Weather (Curtain Music and Bows)" – 1:42

Performers

  • Lena Horne
    Lena Horne
    Lena Mary Calhoun Horne was an American singer, actress, civil rights activist and dancer.Horne joined the chorus of the Cotton Club at the age of sixteen and became a nightclub performer before moving to Hollywood, where she had small parts in numerous movies, and more substantial parts in the...

     - vocal
    Singing
    Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice, and augments regular speech by the use of both tonality and rhythm. One who sings is called a singer or vocalist. Singers perform music known as songs that can be sung either with or without accompaniment by musical instruments...

    s, dance, performer

Lena's trio:
  • Grady Tate
    Grady Tate
    Grady Tate, , is a hard bop and soul-jazz drummer and singer.He has played with Lional Hampton, Jimmy Smith, Grant Green, Lena Horne, Astrud Gilberto, Ella Fitzgerald, Miles Davis, Blossom Dearie, Chris Connor, Sarah Vaughan, Ray Charles, Cal Tjader, Peggy Lee, Bill Evans, Duke Ellington, Count...

     - drum
    Drum kit
    A drum kit is a collection of drums, cymbals and often other percussion instruments, such as cowbells, wood blocks, triangles, chimes, or tambourines, arranged for convenient playing by a single person ....

    s
  • Steve Bargonetti - guitar
    Guitar
    The guitar is a plucked string instrument, usually played with fingers or a pick. The guitar consists of a body with a rigid neck to which the strings, generally six in number, are attached. Guitars are traditionally constructed of various woods and strung with animal gut or, more recently, with...

  • Bob Cranshaw
    Bob Cranshaw
    Melbourne R. "Bob" Cranshaw is an American jazz bassist. His career spans the heyday of Blue Note Records to his recent involvement with the Musicians Union. He is perhaps best known for his long association with Sonny Rollins...

     - double bass
    Double bass
    The double bass, also called the string bass, upright bass, standup bass or contrabass, is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra, with strings usually tuned to E1, A1, D2 and G2...


Musicians

  • Cecil Bridgewater
    Cecil Bridgewater
    -Biography:Bridgewater was born in Urbana, Illinois and studied at the University of Illinois. He and brother Ron formed the Bridgewater Brothers Band in 1969, and in the 1970s he was married to Dee Dee Bridgewater. In 1970 he played with Horace Silver, and following this with Thad Jones and Mel...

  • Glenn Drewes
  • Frank Foster
  • Peter Gordon
  • Craig S. Harris
  • Jack Jeffers
  • J.D. Parran, Jr.
  • Roger Rosenberg
  • Mort Silver
  • Warren Smith
  • Linda Twine
  • Harold Vick
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