Leaf warbler
Encyclopedia
Leaf-warblers are small insectivorous bird
s belonging mainly to the genus
Phylloscopus. They were formerly included in the Old World warbler
family
but are now considered to belong to the Phylloscopidae
, a family created in 2006. The genus is closely related to Seicercus
and some species have been moved between the two genera in recent classification attempts. Leaf-warblers are active, constantly moving, often flicking their wings as they glean the foliage for insects along the branches of trees and bushes. They forage at various levels within forests, from the top canopy to the understorey. Most of the species are markedly territorial both in their summer and winter quarters.
Most are greenish or brownish above and off-white or yellowish below. Compared to some other "warbler
s", their songs are very simple
Species breeding in temperate regions are usually strongly migratory
.
The species traditionally placed in Phylloscopus are:
Bird
Birds are feathered, winged, bipedal, endothermic , egg-laying, vertebrate animals. Around 10,000 living species and 188 families makes them the most speciose class of tetrapod vertebrates. They inhabit ecosystems across the globe, from the Arctic to the Antarctic. Extant birds range in size from...
s belonging mainly to the genus
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
Phylloscopus. They were formerly included in the Old World warbler
Old World warbler
The "Old World Warblers" is the name used to describe a large group of birds formerly grouped together in the bird family Sylviidae. The family held over 400 species in over 70 genera, and were the source of much taxonomic confusion. Two families were split out initially, the cisticolas into...
family
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...
but are now considered to belong to the Phylloscopidae
Phylloscopidae
Phylloscopidae is a newly described family of small insectivorous birds formerly placed in the Old World warbler family. Its members occur in Eurasia, ranging into Wallacea and Africa...
, a family created in 2006. The genus is closely related to Seicercus
Seicercus
Seicercus is a genus of Old World warbler formerly in the Sylviidae family but now placed in Phylloscopidae. The genus is distributed in eastern and southern Asia from northern China to Timor in the Lesser Sundas...
and some species have been moved between the two genera in recent classification attempts. Leaf-warblers are active, constantly moving, often flicking their wings as they glean the foliage for insects along the branches of trees and bushes. They forage at various levels within forests, from the top canopy to the understorey. Most of the species are markedly territorial both in their summer and winter quarters.
Most are greenish or brownish above and off-white or yellowish below. Compared to some other "warbler
Warbler
There are a number of Passeriformes called "warblers". They are not particularly closely related, but share some characteristics, such as being fairly small, vocal and insectivorous....
s", their songs are very simple
Species breeding in temperate regions are usually strongly migratory
Bird migration
Bird migration is the regular seasonal journey undertaken by many species of birds. Bird movements include those made in response to changes in food availability, habitat or weather. Sometimes, journeys are not termed "true migration" because they are irregular or in only one direction...
.
The species traditionally placed in Phylloscopus are:
- Red-faced Woodland-warblerRed-faced Woodland-warblerThe Red-Faced Woodland-warbler is a species of Old World warbler in the family Phylloscopus. It forms a superspecies with the closely related Yellow-throated Woodland-warbler and the Laura's Woodland-warbler. Two subspecies are recognised, the nominate P. l...
, Phylloscopus laetus - Laura's Woodland-warblerLaura's Woodland-warblerThe Laura's Woodland-warbler is a species of Old World warbler in the Phylloscopidae family.It is found in Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, and Zambia....
, Phylloscopus laurae - Yellow-throated Woodland-warblerYellow-throated Woodland-warblerThe Yellow-Throated Woodland-Warbler is a species of Old World warbler . It is found in Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe...
, Phylloscopus ruficapilla - Uganda Woodland-warblerUganda Woodland-warblerThe Uganda Woodland-warbler is a species of Old World warbler in the Phylloscopidae family.It is found in Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Kenya, and Uganda....
, Phylloscopus budongoensis - Brown Woodland-warblerBrown Woodland-warblerThe Brown Woodland-Warbler is a species of Old World warbler in the Phylloscopidae family.-Distribution and habitat:...
, Phylloscopus umbrovirens - Black-capped Woodland-warblerBlack-capped Woodland-warblerThe Black-capped Woodland-warbler is a leaf-warbler species in the family Phylloscopidae; it was formerly placed in the "Old World warbler" assemblage....
, Phylloscopus herberti - Willow WarblerWillow WarblerThe Willow Warbler is a very common and widespread leaf warbler which breeds throughout northern and temperate Europe and Asia, from Ireland east to the Anadyr River basin in eastern Siberia...
, Phylloscopus trochilus - Canary Islands ChiffchaffCanary Islands ChiffchaffThe Canary Islands Chiffchaff is a species of leaf warbler endemic to the Canary Islands, Spain. Sometimes the English name is spelled Canary Island Chiffchaff .- Taxonomy :...
, Phylloscopus canariensis- Eastern Canary Islands ChiffchaffEastern Canary Islands ChiffchaffThe Eastern Canary Islands Chiffchaff or Lanzarote Island Chiffchaff was a subspecies of the Canary Islands Chiffchaff endemic to the island of Lanzarote - and possibly also Fuerteventura - in the Canary Islands, Spain....
, Phylloscopus canariensis exsul (extinct: 1986?) - Western Canary Islands ChiffchaffWestern Canary Islands ChiffchaffThe Western Canary Islands Chiffchaff is a small bird in the family Phylloscopidae. It is a subspecies of the Canary Islands Chiffchaff found on the islands of El Hierro, La Palma, La Gomera, Tenerife and Gran Canaria in the Canary Islands, Spain.Both the western and the now extinct eastern...
, Phylloscopus canariensis canariensis
- Eastern Canary Islands Chiffchaff
- Common Chiffchaff, Phylloscopus collybita
- Siberian Chiffchaff, Phylloscopus (collybita) tristis
- Iberian Chiffchaff, Phylloscopus brehmii
- Mountain Chiffchaff, Phylloscopus sindianus
- Plain Leaf-warblerPlain Leaf-warblerThe Plain Leaf-Warbler is a species of Old World warbler in the Phylloscopidae family.It is found in Afghanistan, Bahrain, India, Iran, Oman, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, and Uzbekistan....
, Phylloscopus neglectus - Western Bonelli's WarblerWestern Bonelli's WarblerWestern Bonelli's Warbler is a "warbler" in the leaf warbler genus Phylloscopus. It was formerly regarded as the western subspecies of a wider "Bonelli's Warbler" species, but as a result of modern taxonomic developments, this species is now usually considered to be two species :* Western Bonelli's...
, Phylloscopus bonelli - Eastern Bonelli's WarblerEastern Bonelli's WarblerEastern Bonelli's Warbler is a "warbler" in the leaf warbler genus Phylloscopus. It was formerly regarded as the eastern subspecies of a wider "Bonelli's Warbler" species, but as a result of modern taxonomic developments, this species is now usually considered to be two species :* Western Bonelli's...
, Phylloscopus orientalis - Wood WarblerWood WarblerThe Wood Warbler is a common and widespread leaf warbler which breeds throughout northern and temperate Europe, and just into the extreme west of Asia in the southern Ural Mountains...
, Phylloscopus sibilatrix - Dusky WarblerDusky WarblerThe Dusky Warbler, Phylloscopus fuscatus, is a leaf warbler which breeds in east Asia. This warbler is strongly migratory and winters in southeast Asia. It has a foothold in North America in Alaska, and has also occurred in California...
, Phylloscopus fuscatus - Smoky WarblerSmoky WarblerThe Smoky Warbler is a species of Old World warbler in the Phylloscopidae family.It is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, and Nepal.-References:...
, Phylloscopus fuligiventer - Tickell's Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus affinis
- Buff-throated WarblerBuff-throated WarblerThe Buff-throated Warbler is a species of leaf warbler . It was formerly included in the "Old World warbler" assemblage....
, Phylloscopus subaffinis - Sulphur-bellied WarblerSulphur-bellied WarblerThe Sulphur-bellied Warbler is a species of leaf-warbler found in the Palearctic region. They were earlier also known by the name of Olivaceous Leaf-warbler....
, Phylloscopus griseolus - Yellow-streaked WarblerYellow-streaked WarblerThe Yellow-streaked Warbler is a species of leaf warbler . It was formerly included in the "Old World warbler" assemblage....
, Phylloscopus armandii - Radde's WarblerRadde's WarblerRadde's Warbler, Phylloscopus schwarzi, is a leaf warbler which breeds in Siberia. This warbler is strongly migratory and winters in southeast Asia....
, Phylloscopus schwarzi - Buff-barred WarblerBuff-barred WarblerThe Buff-barred Warbler is a species of leaf warbler . It was formerly included in the "Old World warbler" assemblage....
, Phylloscopus pulcher - Ashy-throated WarblerAshy-throated WarblerThe Ashy-throated Warbler is a species of leaf warbler . It was formerly included in the "Old World warbler" assemblage....
, Phylloscopus maculipennis - Pallas's WarblerPallas's WarblerThe Pallas's Warbler or Pallas's Leaf Warbler is a leaf warbler which breeds in southern Siberia , northern Mongolia, and northeastern China...
, Phylloscopus proregulus - Pale-rumped Warbler or Lemon-rumped Warbler, Phylloscopus chloronotus
- Simla Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus (chloronotus) simlaensis
- Gansu Leaf-warblerGansu Leaf-warblerThe Gansu Leaf-warbler is a small passerine bird known only from China. It belongs to the leaf warbler genus Phylloscopus within the family Phylloscopidae. It was formerly treated as a subspecies of Pallas's Warbler The Gansu Leaf-warbler (Phylloscopus kansuensis) is a small passerine bird known...
, Phylloscopus kansuensis - Chinese Leaf-warblerChinese Leaf-warblerThe Chinese Leaf-warbler is a species of Old World warbler in the Phylloscopidae family. It is found only in China....
, Phylloscopus yunnanensis – P. sichuanensis is a junior synonym - Brooks' Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus subviridis
- Yellow-browed WarblerYellow-browed WarblerThe Yellow-browed Warbler is a leaf warbler which breeds in temperate Asia. This warbler is strongly migratory and winters mainly in tropical southeast Asia, but also in small numbers in western Europe...
, Phylloscopus inornatus - (Western) Hume's Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus humei – formerly in P. inornatus
- Mandell's Leaf-warbler or Eastern Hume's Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus (humei) mandelli
- Arctic WarblerArctic WarblerThe Arctic Warbler, Phylloscopus borealis, is a widespread leaf warbler in birch or mixed birch forest near water throughout its breeding range in Fennoscandia and northern Asia. It has established a foothold in North America, breeding in Alaska. This warbler is strongly migratory; the entire...
, Phylloscopus borealis- Kamchatka Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus (borealis) examinandus
- Japanese Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus (borealis) xanthodryas
- Greenish WarblerGreenish WarblerThe Greenish Warbler and Green Warbler are widespread leaf-warblers throughout their breeding range in northeastern Europe and temperate to subtropical continental Asia. This warbler is strongly migratory and winters in India. It is not uncommon as a spring or early autumn vagrant in Western...
, Phylloscopus trochiloides- Dull-green Warbler, Phylloscopus (trochiloides) obscuratus
- Two-barred Warbler, Phylloscopus (trochiloides) plumbeitarsus
- Western Greenish Warbler, Phylloscopus (trochiloides) viridanus
- Green Warbler or Bright-green Warbler, Phylloscopus (trochiloides) nitidus
- Pale-legged Leaf-warblerPale-legged Leaf-warblerThe Pale-Legged Leaf-Warbler is a species of Old World warbler in the Phylloscopidae family.It is found in Cambodia, China, India, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Russia, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam.Its natural habitat is temperate forests.-References:*...
, Phylloscopus tenellipes - Sakhalin Leaf-warblerSakhalin Leaf-warblerThe Sakhalin Leaf-warbler is a species of Old World warbler in the Phylloscopidae family.It is found in Japan and Russia.Its natural habitat is temperate forests.-References:...
, Phylloscopus borealoides - Large-billed Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus magnirostris
- Tytler's Leaf-warblerTytler's Leaf-warblerThe Tytler's Leaf-warbler is a songbird species. Like all leaf-warblers, it was formerly placed in the "Old World warbler" assemblage, but now belongs to the new leaf-warbler family Phylloscopidae....
, Phylloscopus tytleri - Western Crowned WarblerWestern Crowned WarblerThe Western Crowned Warbler is a leaf warbler which breeds in Central Asia. It winters in the forests of the Western Ghats.The nest is built in a hole, and the typical clutch is four eggs....
, Phylloscopus occipitalis - Eastern Crowned WarblerEastern Crowned WarblerThe Eastern Crowned Warbler is a species of Old World warbler in the family Phylloscopidae. It is found in Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Russia, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam...
, Phylloscopus coronatus - Izu Leaf-warblerIzu Leaf-warblerThe Izu Leaf-Warbler is a species of Old World warbler in the Phylloscopidae family.It is found in Japan, the Philippines, and Taiwan....
, Phylloscopus ijimae - Blyth's Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus reguloides
- Hainan Leaf-warblerHainan Leaf-warblerThe Hainan Leaf-warbler is a species of Old World warbler in the Phylloscopidae family.It is found only in China....
, Phylloscopus hainanus - Emei Leaf-warblerEmei Leaf-warblerThe Emei Leaf-warbler is a species of leaf warbler . It was formerly included in the "Old World warbler" assemblage....
, Phylloscopus emeiensis - Davison's Leaf-warblerDavison's Leaf-warblerDavison's Leaf-warbler is a species of leaf warbler . It was formerly included in the "Old World warbler" assemblage.It is found in the People's Republic of China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam...
or White-tailed Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus davisoni - Yellow-vented WarblerYellow-vented WarblerThe Yellow-vented Warbler is a species of leaf warbler . It was formerly included in the "Old World warbler" assemblage....
, Phylloscopus cantator - Limestone Leaf-warblerLimestone Leaf-warblerThe Limestone Leaf-warbler is a species of warbler in the family Phylloscopidae. When this species was first seen, beginning in 1994, it was mistaken for the similar Sulphur-breasted Warbler. It is smaller than the Sulphur-breasted Warbler, and has more rounded wings...
, Phylloscopus calciatilis - Sulphur-breasted WarblerSulphur-breasted WarblerThe Sulphur-breasted Warbler is a species of Old World warbler in the Phylloscopidae family.It is found in China, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam....
, Phylloscopus ricketti - Lemon-throated Leaf-warblerLemon-throated Leaf-warblerThe Lemon-throated Leaf-warbler is a species of Old World warbler in the Phylloscopidae family.It is found only in the Philippines.-References:* BirdLife International 2004. . Downloaded on 10 July 2007....
, Phylloscopus cebuensis - Mountain Leaf-warblerMountain Leaf-warblerThe Mountain Leaf-warbler is a songbird species from the leaf warbler family . Formerly it was included in the "Old World warbler" assemblage.It is found in Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines...
, Phylloscopus trivirgatus - Sulawesi Leaf-warblerSulawesi Leaf-warblerThe Sulawesi Leaf-warbler is a species of Old World warbler in the Phylloscopidae family.It is found only in Indonesia.-References:* BirdLife International 2004. . Downloaded on 10 July 2007....
, Phylloscopus sarasinorum - Timor Leaf-warblerTimor Leaf-warblerThe Timor Leaf-Warbler is a species of Old World warbler in the Phylloscopidae family.It is found in Indonesia and East Timor.-References:* BirdLife International 2004. . Downloaded on 10 July 2007....
, Phylloscopus presbytes - Island Leaf-warblerIsland Leaf-warblerThe Island Leaf-Warbler is a species of Old World warbler in the Phylloscopidae family.It is found in Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and Solomon Islands. It has 19 subspecies.-References:...
, Phylloscopus poliocephalus - Philippine Leaf-warblerPhilippine Leaf-warblerThe Philippine Leaf-warbler is a species of Old World warbler in the Phylloscopidae family.It is found only in the Philippines.-References:* BirdLife International 2004. . Downloaded on 10 July 2007....
, Phylloscopus olivaceus - Makira Leaf-warblerMakira Leaf-warblerThe Makira Leaf Warbler , also known as the Makira Leaf-warbler, is a species of Old World warbler in the Phylloscopidae family. It is found only in Solomon Islands. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montanes.-References:*...
or San Cristobal Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus makirensis - Sombre Leaf-warblerSombre Leaf-warblerThe Sombre Leaf-Warbler is a species of Old World warbler in the Phylloscopidae family.It is found only in Solomon Islands.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes.It is threatened by habitat loss....
or Kulambangra Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus amoenus
External links
- Leaf warbler videos on the Internet Bird Collection